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<title>GNU LilyPond Notation Reference: 4. Spacing issues</title>
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.de.html#General-input-and-output" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << General input and output </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.de.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.de.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.de.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.de.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Changing-defaults.de.html#Changing-defaults" title="Next chapter"> Changing defaults >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Percussion-in-MIDI.de.html#Percussion-in-MIDI" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Percussion in MIDI </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="index.de.html#index" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Top </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Paper-and-pages.de.html#Paper-and-pages" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Paper and pages > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Spacing-issues"></a>
<h1 class="chapter">4. Spacing issues</h1>
<p>The global paper layout is determined by three factors: the page layout, the
line breaks, and the spacing. These all influence each other. The
choice of spacing determines how densely each system of music is set.
This influences where line breaks are chosen, and thus ultimately, how
many pages a piece of music takes.
</p>
<p>Globally speaking, this procedure happens in four steps: first,
flexible distances (‘springs’) are chosen, based on durations. All
possible line breaking combinations are tried, and a ‘badness’ score
is calculated for each. Then the height of each possible system is
estimated. Finally, a page breaking and line breaking combination is chosen
so that neither the horizontal nor the vertical spacing is too cramped
or stretched.
</p>
<p>Settings which influence layout may be placed in two blocks.
The <code>\paper {...}</code> block is placed outside any
<code>\score {...}</code> blocks and contains settings that
relate to the entire document. The <code>\layout {...}</code>
block is placed within a <code>\score {...}</code> block and
contains settings for that particular score. If you have
only one <code>\score {...}</code> block the two have the same
effect. In general the commands shown in this chapter can
be placed in either.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Paper-and-pages.de.html#Paper-and-pages" accesskey="1">4.1 Paper and pages</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Music-layout.de.html#Music-layout" accesskey="2">4.2 Music layout</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Breaks.de.html#Breaks" accesskey="3">4.3 Breaks</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Vertical-spacing.de.html#Vertical-spacing" accesskey="4">4.4 Vertical spacing</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Horizontal-spacing.de.html#Horizontal-spacing" accesskey="5">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.de.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages" accesskey="6">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
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<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.de.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.de.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.de.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.de.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.de.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.de.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.de.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.de.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.de.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.de.html#Text">1.8 Text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.de.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.de.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.de.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.de.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.de.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.de.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.de.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.de.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.de.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.de.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.de.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.de.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.de.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.de.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.de.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.de.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.de.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.de.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.de.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.de.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.de.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.de.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.de.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.de.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.de.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.de.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.de.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.de.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.de.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.de.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.de.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.de.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.de.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.de.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.de.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.de.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.de.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.de.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.de.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.de.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.de.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.de.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.de.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.de.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.de.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.de.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.de.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.de.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.de.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.de.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.de.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.de.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.de.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.de.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.de.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.de.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.de.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.de.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.de.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.de.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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