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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Specific-uses-of-lyrics.ja.html#Centering-lyrics-between-staves" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Centering lyrics between staves </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Vocal-music.ja.html#Vocal-music" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Vocal music </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-stanza-numbers" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Adding stanza numbers > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Stanzas"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">2.1.5 Stanzas</h3>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Adding-stanza-numbers" accesskey="1">Adding stanza numbers</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas" accesskey="2">Adding dynamics marks to stanzas</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas" accesskey="3">Adding singers’ names to stanzas</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Stanzas-with-different-rhythms" accesskey="4">Stanzas with different rhythms</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end" accesskey="5">Printing stanzas at the end</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns" accesskey="6">Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
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<a name="Adding-stanza-numbers"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Adding dynamics marks to stanzas > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Adding-stanza-numbers"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Adding stanza numbers</h4>
<a name="index-stanza-number"></a>
<p>Stanza numbers can be added by setting <code>stanza</code>, e.g.,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
\set stanza = #"1. "
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
\set stanza = #"2. "
Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../6d/lily-df47e3b8.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../6d/lily-df47e3b8.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-stanza-numbers" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Adding stanza numbers </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Adding singers' names to stanzas > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Adding dynamics marks to stanzas</h4>
<p>Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
front of a stanza goes into the <code>StanzaNumber</code> object; dynamics marks
are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
outside <code>\lyricmode</code>:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">text = {
\set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
\lyricmode {
Big bang
}
}
<<
\new Voice = "tune" {
\time 3/4
g'4 c'2
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../97/lily-01ad23f3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../97/lily-01ad23f3.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Adding dynamics marks to stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Stanzas-with-different-rhythms" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Stanzas with different rhythms > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Adding singers’ names to stanzas</h4>
<a name="index-singer-name"></a>
<a name="index-name-of-singer"></a>
<p>Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
<code>vocalName</code>. A short version may be entered as <code>shortVocalName</code>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
\set vocalName = #"Bert "
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
\set vocalName = #"Ernie "
Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../11/lily-855119ae.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../11/lily-855119ae.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Stanzas-with-different-rhythms"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Adding singers' names to stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Printing stanzas at the end > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Stanzas-with-different-rhythms"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Stanzas with different rhythms</h4>
<a name="Ignoring-melismata"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Ignoring melismata</h4>
<p>One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
<code>ignoreMelismata</code> in the Lyrics context.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
\set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
c4
\slurDotted
f8.[( g16])
a4
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
more slow -- ly
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
go
\set ignoreMelismata = ##t
fas -- ter
\unset ignoreMelismata
still
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../d3/lily-8a63aa87.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../d3/lily-8a63aa87.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-3"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>Unlike most <code>\set</code> commands, <code>\set ignoreMelismata</code> does
not work if prefixed with <code>\once</code>. It is necessary to use
<code>\set</code> and <code>\unset</code> to bracket the lyrics where melismata
are to be ignored.
</p>
<a name="Switching-to-an-alternative-melody"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Switching to an alternative melody</h4>
<p>More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
done by setting the <code>associatedVoice</code> property. In the example
</p>
<blockquote><p>
<a href="../f2/lily-c155494d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../f2/lily-c155494d.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called ‘lahlah’,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
Ju -- ras -- sic Park
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>The second stanza initially is set to the <code>lahlah</code> context, but
for the syllable ‘ran’, it switches to a different melody.
This is achieved with
</p><blockquote><pre class="example">\set associatedVoice = alternative
</pre></blockquote>
<p>Here, <code>alternative</code> is the name of the <code>Voice</code> context
containing the triplet.
</p>
<p>This command must be one syllable too early, before ‘Ty’ in this
case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
bug.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
\set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
Ty --
ran --
no --
\set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
sau -- rus Rex
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
<code>lahlah</code> to <code>associatedVoice</code>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Printing-stanzas-at-the-end"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Stanzas-with-different-rhythms" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Stanzas with different rhythms </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Printing-stanzas-at-the-end"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Printing stanzas at the end</h4>
<p>Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
the extra verses into a <code>\markup</code> section outside
of the main score block. Notice that there are two
different ways to force linebreaks when using
<code>\markup</code>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">melody = \relative c' {
e d c d | e e e e |
d d e d | c1 |
}
text = \lyricmode {
\set stanza = #"1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
its fleece was white as snow.
}
\score{ <<
\new Voice = "one" { \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
>>
\layout { }
}
\markup { \column{
\line{ Verse 2. }
\line{ All the children laughed and played }
\line{ To see a lamb at school. }
}
}
\markup{
\wordwrap-string #"
Verse 3.
Mary took it home again,
It was against the rule."
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../ab/lily-01b2f9dd.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../ab/lily-01b2f9dd.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Printing stanzas at the end </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Stanzas" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Stanzas </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.ja.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns</h4>
<p>When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
output in LilyPond.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">melody = \relative c' {
c c c c | d d d d
}
text = \lyricmode {
\set stanza = #"1." This is verse one.
It has two lines.
}
\score{ <<
\new Voice = "one" { \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
>>
\layout { }
}
\markup {
\fill-line {
\hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
% can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
\column {
"This is verse two."
"It has two lines."
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "3."
\column {
"This is verse three."
"It has two lines."
}
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
% if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
% until the result looks good
\column {
\line { \bold "4."
\column {
"This is verse four."
"It has two lines."
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
\line { \bold "5."
\column {
"This is verse five."
"It has two lines."
}
}
}
\hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
% can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../39/lily-ec8c1e95.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../39/lily-ec8c1e95.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-80"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-LyricText-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/LyricText.ja.html#LyricText">LyricText</a>,
<a name="index-StanzaNumber"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/StanzaNumber.ja.html#StanzaNumber">StanzaNumber</a>.
</p>
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<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.ja.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.ja.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.ja.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.ja.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.ja.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.ja.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.ja.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.ja.html#Text">1.8 Text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.ja.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Common-notation-for-vocal-music-1" href="Common-notation-for-vocal-music.ja.html#Common-notation-for-vocal-music">2.1.1 Common notation for vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Entering-lyrics-1" href="Entering-lyrics.ja.html#Entering-lyrics">2.1.2 Entering lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody">2.1.3 Aligning lyrics to a melody</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Specific-uses-of-lyrics-1" href="Specific-uses-of-lyrics.ja.html#Specific-uses-of-lyrics">2.1.4 Specific uses of lyrics</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Stanzas-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Stanzas">2.1.5 Stanzas</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Adding-stanza-numbers-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Adding-stanza-numbers">Adding stanza numbers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Adding-dynamics-marks-to-stanzas">Adding dynamics marks to stanzas</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Adding-singers_0027-names-to-stanzas">Adding singers’ names to stanzas</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Stanzas-with-different-rhythms-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Stanzas-with-different-rhythms">Stanzas with different rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end">Printing stanzas at the end</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Printing-stanzas-at-the-end-in-multiple-columns">Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.ja.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.ja.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.ja.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.ja.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.ja.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.ja.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.ja.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.ja.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.ja.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.ja.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.ja.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.ja.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.ja.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.ja.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.ja.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.ja.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.ja.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.ja.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.ja.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.ja.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.ja.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.ja.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.ja.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.ja.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.ja.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.ja.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.ja.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.ja.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.ja.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.ja.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.ja.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.ja.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.ja.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.ja.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.ja.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.ja.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.ja.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.ja.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.ja.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.ja.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.ja.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.ja.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.ja.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.ja.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.ja.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.ja.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.ja.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.ja.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.ja.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.ja.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.ja.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.ja.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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