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<title>GNU LilyPond Notation Reference: 1.8.1 Writing text</title>
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<a name="Writing-text"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Text.ja.html#Text" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Text.ja.html#Text" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-scripts" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Text scripts > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Writing-text"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">1.8.1 Writing text</h3>
<p>This section introduces different ways of adding text to a score.
</p>
<a name="index-Text_002c-other-languages"></a>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><b>Note:</b> To write accented and special text (such as characters
from other languages), simply insert the characters directly into
the LilyPond file. The file must be saved as UTF-8. For more
information, see <a href="Text-encoding.ja.html#Text-encoding">Text encoding</a>.
</p></td></tr></table>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Text-scripts" accesskey="1">Text scripts</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Text-spanners" accesskey="2">Text spanners</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Text-marks" accesskey="3">Text marks</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Separate-text" accesskey="4">Separate text</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Text-scripts"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Writing-text" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Writing text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Writing-text" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Writing text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-spanners" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Text spanners > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Text-scripts"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Text scripts</h4>
<a name="index-Text-scripts"></a>
<a name="index-text-items_002c-non_002dempty"></a>
<a name="index-non_002dempty-texts"></a>
<a name="index-quoted-text"></a>
<p>Simple “quoted text” indications may be added
to a score, as demonstrated in the following example.
Such indications may be manually placed
above or below the staff, using the
syntax described in <a href="Direction-and-placement.ja.html#Direction-and-placement">Direction and placement</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">a8^"pizz." g f e a4-"scherz." f
</pre><p>
<a href="../dd/lily-3deeb608.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../dd/lily-3deeb608.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This syntax is actually a shorthand; more complex text
formatting may be added to a note by explicitly using a
<code>\markup</code> block, as described in <a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">a8^\markup { \italic pizz. } g f e
a4_\markup { \tiny scherz. \bold molto } f
</pre><p>
<a href="../9b/lily-02f0ccd9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../9b/lily-02f0ccd9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>By default, text indications do not influence the note spacing.
However, their widths can be taken into account:
in the following example, the first text string does not affect
spacing, whereas the second one does.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">a8^"pizz." g f e
\textLengthOn
a4_"scherzando" f
</pre><p>
<a href="../16/lily-0542047a.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../16/lily-0542047a.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="Predefined-commands-7"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-_005ctextLengthOn"></a>
<a name="index-_005ctextLengthOn-1"></a>
<p><code>\textLengthOn</code>,
<a name="index-_005ctextLengthOff"></a>
<a name="index-_005ctextLengthOff-1"></a>
<code>\textLengthOff</code>.
</p>
<a name="See-also-200"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>,
<a href="Direction-and-placement.ja.html#Direction-and-placement">Direction and placement</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Text.html#Text">Text</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-TextScript-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/TextScript.ja.html#TextScript">TextScript</a>.
</p>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-43"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the
margins is a relatively large computational task. To speed up
processing, LilyPond does not perform such calculations by
default; to enable it, use
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
</pre></blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Text-spanners"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-scripts" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Text scripts </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Writing-text" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Writing text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-marks" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Text marks > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Text-spanners"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Text spanners</h4>
<a name="index-Text-spanners"></a>
<p>Some performance indications, e.g., <var>rallentando</var> or
<var>accelerando</var>, are written as text and are extended over
multiple notes with dotted lines.
Such objects, called “spanners”, may be created
from one note to another using the following syntax:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = "rit."
b1\startTextSpan
e,\stopTextSpan
</pre><p>
<a href="../8b/lily-76a749ce.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../8b/lily-76a749ce.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The string to be printed is set through
object properties. By default it is printed in italic characters,
but different formatting can be obtained using
<code>\markup</code> blocks, as described in <a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) =
\markup { \upright "rit." }
b1\startTextSpan c
e,\stopTextSpan
</pre><p>
<a href="../05/lily-9838c7e3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../05/lily-9838c7e3.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The line style, as well as the text string, can be defined as an
object property. This syntax is described in <a href="Line-styles.ja.html#Line-styles">Line styles</a>.
</p>
<a name="Predefined-commands-27"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-textSpannerUp"></a>
<a name="index-textSpannerUp-1"></a>
<p><code>\textSpannerUp</code>,
<a name="index-textSpannerDown"></a>
<a name="index-textSpannerDown-1"></a>
<code>\textSpannerDown</code>,
<a name="index-textSpannerNeutral"></a>
<a name="index-textSpannerNeutral-1"></a>
<code>\textSpannerNeutral</code>.
</p>
<a name="See-also-76"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Line-styles.ja.html#Line-styles">Line styles</a>,
<a href="Attached-to-notes.ja.html#Dynamics">Dynamics</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Text.html#Text">Text</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-TextSpanner"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/TextSpanner.ja.html#TextSpanner">TextSpanner</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Text-marks"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-spanners" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Text spanners </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Writing-text" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Writing text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Separate-text" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Separate text > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Text-marks"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Text marks</h4>
<a name="index-coda-on-bar-line"></a>
<a name="index-segno-on-bar-line"></a>
<a name="index-fermata-on-bar-line"></a>
<a name="index-bar-lines_002c-symbols-on"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmark-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmark-3"></a>
<p>Various text elements may be added to a score using
the syntax described in <a href="Bars.ja.html#Rehearsal-marks">Rehearsal marks</a>:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">c4
\mark "Allegro"
c c c
</pre><p>
<a href="../69/lily-5905d9a9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../69/lily-5905d9a9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This syntax makes it possible to put any text on a bar line;
more complex text formatting may be added using a <code>\markup</code>
block, as described in <a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><c e>1
\mark \markup { \italic { colla parte } }
<d f>2 <e g>
<c f aes>1
</pre><p>
<a href="../35/lily-69a31443.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../35/lily-69a31443.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This syntax also allows to print special signs, like coda, segno
or fermata, by specifying the appropriate symbol name as explained in
<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Music-notation-inside-markup">Music notation inside markup</a>:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><bes f>2 <aes d>
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.ufermata" }
<e g>1
</pre><p>
<a href="../e3/lily-b7671457.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../e3/lily-b7671457.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Such objects are only typeset above the top staff of the score; depending on
whether they are specified at the end or the middle of a bar, they
can be placed above the bar line or between notes. When specified at a
line break, the mark will be printed at the beginning of the next line.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\mark "Allegro"
c1 c
\mark "assai" \break
c c
</pre><p>
<a href="../b9/lily-b46767e8.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../b9/lily-b46767e8.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="Selected-Snippets-28"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h4>
<p><em> Printing marks at the end of a line or a score</em>
</p>
<p>Marks can be printed at the end of the current line, instead of the
beginning of the following line. This is particularly useful when a
mark has to be added at the end of a score – when there is no next
line.
</p>
<p>In such cases, the right end of the mark has to be aligned with the
final bar line, as demonstrated on the second line of this example.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\relative c'' {
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-visibility = #begin-of-line-invisible
g2 c
d,2 a'
\mark \default
\break
g2 b,
c1 \bar "||"
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
\mark "D.C. al Fine"
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../99/lily-880a1493.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../99/lily-880a1493.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em> Aligning marks with various notation objects</em>
</p>
<p>If specified, text marks may be aligned with notation objects other
than bar lines. These objects include <code>ambitus</code>,
<code>breathing-sign</code>, <code>clef</code>, <code>custos</code>, <code>staff-bar</code>,
<code>left-edge</code>, <code>key-cancellation</code>, <code>key-signature</code>, and
<code>time-signature</code>.
</p>
<p>In such cases, text marks will be horizontally centered above the
object. However this can be changed, as demonstrated on the second line
of this example (in a score with multiple staves, this setting should
be done for all the staves).
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\relative c' {
e1
% the RehearsalMark will be centered above the Clef
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-align-symbols = #'(clef)
\key a \major
\clef treble
\mark "↓"
e1
% the RehearsalMark will be centered above the TimeSignature
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-align-symbols = #'(time-signature)
\key a \major
\clef treble
\time 3/4
\mark "↓"
e2.
% the RehearsalMark will be centered above the KeySignature
\override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-align-symbols = #'(key-signature)
\key a \major
\clef treble
\time 4/4
\mark "↓"
e1
\break
e1
% the RehearsalMark will be aligned with the left edge of the KeySignature
\once \override Score.KeySignature #'break-align-anchor-alignment = #LEFT
\mark "↓"
\key a \major
e1
% the RehearsalMark will be aligned with the right edge of the KeySignature
\once \override Score.KeySignature #'break-align-anchor-alignment = #RIGHT
\key a \major
\mark "↓"
e1
% the RehearsalMark will be aligned with the left edge of the KeySignature
% and then shifted right by one unit.
\once \override Score.KeySignature #'break-align-anchor = #1
\key a \major
\mark "↓"
e1
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../3f/lily-f5397883.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../3f/lily-f5397883.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em> Printing marks on every staff</em>
</p>
<p>Although text marks are normally only printed above the topmost staff,
they may also be printed on every staff.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\score {
<<
\new Staff { c''1 \mark "molto" c'' }
\new Staff { c'1 \mark "molto" c' }
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\remove "Mark_engraver"
\remove "Staff_collecting_engraver"
}
\context {
\Staff
\consists "Mark_engraver"
\consists "Staff_collecting_engraver"
}
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../dd/lily-b43fccb8.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../dd/lily-b43fccb8.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-113"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Bars.ja.html#Rehearsal-marks">Rehearsal marks</a>,
<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>,
<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Music-notation-inside-markup">Music notation inside markup</a>,
<a href="The-Feta-font.ja.html#The-Feta-font">The Feta font</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Text.html#Text">Text</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-RehearsalMark-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/RehearsalMark.ja.html#RehearsalMark">RehearsalMark</a>.
</p>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-45"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>If a mark is entered at the end of the last bar of the score (where
there is no next line), then the mark will not be printed at
all.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Separate-text"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Text-marks" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Text marks </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Writing-text" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Writing text </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Formatting text > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Separate-text"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Separate text</h4>
<a name="index-separate-text"></a>
<a name="index-standalone-text"></a>
<a name="index-top_002dlevel-text"></a>
<a name="index-text_002c-standalone"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmarkup"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmarkup-1"></a>
<p>A <code>\markup</code> block can exist by itself, outside of any
any <code>\score</code> block, as a “top-level
expression”. This syntax is described in <a href="File-structure.ja.html#File-structure">File structure</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\markup {
Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow...
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../76/lily-c54ee3e9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../76/lily-c54ee3e9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This allows printing text separately
from the music, which is particularly
useful when the input file contains
several music pieces, as described in
<a href="Multiple-scores-in-a-book.ja.html#Multiple-scores-in-a-book">Multiple scores in a book</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\score {
c'1
}
\markup {
Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow...
}
\score {
c'1
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../e4/lily-1bb82e91.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../e4/lily-1bb82e91.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Separate text blocks can be spread over multiple pages,
making it possible to print text documents or books entirely
within LilyPond. This feature, and the specific syntax it
requires, are described in <a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Multi_002dpage-markup">Multi-page markup</a>.
</p>
<a name="Predefined-commands-41"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-_005cmarkuplines"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmarkuplines-1"></a>
<p><code>\markup</code>,
<code>\markuplines</code>.
</p>
<a name="Selected-Snippets-22"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h4>
<p><em> Stand-alone two-column markup</em>
</p>
<p>Stand-alone text may be arranged in several columns using
<code>\markup</code> commands:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\markup {
\fill-line {
\hspace #1
\column {
\line { O sacrum convivium }
\line { in quo Christus sumitur, }
\line { recolitur memoria passionis ejus, }
\line { mens impletur gratia, }
\line { futurae gloriae nobis pignus datur. }
\line { Amen. }
}
\hspace #2
\column {
\line { \italic { O sacred feast } }
\line { \italic { in which Christ is received, } }
\line { \italic { the memory of His Passion is renewed, } }
\line { \italic { the mind is filled with grace, } }
\line { \italic { and a pledge of future glory is given to us. } }
\line { \italic { Amen. } }
}
\hspace #1
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../04/lily-89a2e282.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../04/lily-89a2e282.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-6"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Notation Reference: <a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>,
<a href="File-structure.ja.html#File-structure">File structure</a>,
<a href="Multiple-scores-in-a-book.ja.html#Multiple-scores-in-a-book">Multiple scores in a book</a>,
<a href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Multi_002dpage-markup">Multi-page markup</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Text.html#Text">Text</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference: <a name="index-TextScript-2"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/TextScript.ja.html#TextScript">TextScript</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
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<div id="tocframe">
<p class="toc_uplink"><a href="../index.ja.html"
title="Documentation Index"><< Back to Documentation Index</a></p>
<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.ja.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.ja.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.ja.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.ja.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.ja.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.ja.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.ja.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.ja.html#Text">1.8 Text</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Writing-text-1" href="Writing-text.ja.html#Writing-text">1.8.1 Writing text</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Text-scripts-1" href="Writing-text.ja.html#Text-scripts">Text scripts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-spanners-1" href="Writing-text.ja.html#Text-spanners">Text spanners</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-marks-1" href="Writing-text.ja.html#Text-marks">Text marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Separate-text-1" href="Writing-text.ja.html#Separate-text">Separate text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Formatting-text-1" href="Formatting-text.ja.html#Formatting-text">1.8.2 Formatting text</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fonts-1" href="Fonts.ja.html#Fonts">1.8.3 Fonts</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.ja.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.ja.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.ja.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.ja.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.ja.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.ja.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.ja.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.ja.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.ja.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.ja.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.ja.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.ja.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.ja.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.ja.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.ja.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.ja.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.ja.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.ja.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.ja.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.ja.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.ja.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.ja.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.ja.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.ja.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.ja.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.ja.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.ja.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.ja.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.ja.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.ja.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.ja.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.ja.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.ja.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.ja.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.ja.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.ja.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.ja.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.ja.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.ja.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.ja.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.ja.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.ja.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.ja.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.ja.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.ja.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.ja.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.ja.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.ja.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.ja.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.ja.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.ja.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.ja.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.ja.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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