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<h1>22. Virtuoso Functions Guide - translate</h1>
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<div id="text">
<h2>translate</h2>
<div class="refpurpose">Performs char-by-char translation of given string</div>
<div class="funcsynopsis">
<span class="funcdef">string <span class="function">translate</span>
</span>
(<span class="paramdef">
<span class="parameter">strg</span> string</span>,
<span class="paramdef">
<span class="parameter">search_list</span> string</span>,
<span class="paramdef">
<span class="parameter">replace_list</span> string</span>);
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">Description</div>
<p>
The function returns the <span class="computeroutput">strg</span> with occurrences of
characters in the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span>
replaced by the character at the corresponding position in the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span>.
If there is a character in the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span> with no character at a
corresponding position in the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span>
(because the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span> is longer than the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span>),
then occurrences of that character in <span class="computeroutput">strg</span> string are removed.
</p>
<p>
If a character occurs more than once in the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span>,
then the first occurrence determines the replacement character.
If the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span> is longer than the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span>,
then excess characters are ignored.
</p>
<p>
Two popular use cases for this function are case conversion and sorting with collation.
For "to-upper" case conversion,
the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span> consists of all lowercase characters of some language and
the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span> consists of all uppercase characters of that language.
For "to-lower" case conversion, uppercase chars are in the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span>
and lowercase are in the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span>.
For sorting with collation, the function must be used in "select" string expression
attribute of <xsl:sort> element; the <span class="computeroutput">search_list</span> consists of all
characters reordered by collation and the <span class="computeroutput">replace_list</span> consists of
corresponding characters from "collation string".
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">Parameters</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<span class="refsect2title">strg – </span>
String that must be translated.</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<span class="refsect2title">search_list – </span>
String of characters that must be edited in the <span class="computeroutput">strg</span>.</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<span class="refsect2title">replace_list – </span>
String of characters that must be inserted in the <span class="computeroutput">strg</span>.</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">Return Types</div>
<p>String</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">Errors</div>
<table class="data">
<tr>
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<th class="data">Error Code</th>
<th class="data">Error Text</th>
<th class="data">Description</th>
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<td class="data">
<a name="errXP001" />
<span class="errorcode">XP001</span>
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<a name="errXPF07" />
<span class="errorcode">XPF07</span>
</td>
<td class="data">
<span class="errorname">Too long string passed as argument 1 to XPATH function translate(), the result of translation is too long</span>
</td>
<td class="data">Virtuoso cannot process strings that are longer than 10M. This limit may be exceed if UTF-8 representations of the replacement characters are longer than representations of replaced characters; even if the number of encoded characters remains the same or decrements.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">Examples</div>
<a name="xpf_ex_translate" />
<div class="example">
<div class="exampletitle">Trivial cases</div>
<p>The following expressions are true:</p>
<div>
<pre class="screen">
translate("abracadabra","abc","ABC") = "ABrACAdABrA".
translate("ab-ra-ca-dab-ra","abc-","ABC") = "ABrACAdABrA".
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<a name="xpf_ex_translate" />
<div class="example">
<div class="exampletitle">Sorting with collation in XSL</div>
<p>The following <xsl:sort> will sort records by its titles,
making no difference between spaces and punctuation marks.
In addition, spaces will be normalized after
the collation processing.</p>
<div>
<pre class="screen">
<xsl:key select="normalize-space(translate('@title','.,:;!?',' '))"/>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<div class="refsect1title">See Also</div>
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<a href="xpf_replace.html">replace()</a>
<a href="xpf_normalize_space.html">normalize-space()</a>
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