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<h1>21. Appendix</h1>
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<h2>21.3. Signals and Exit codes</h2>
<p>This section presents the most important exit codes and signals for Virtuoso on Unix/Linux.</p>
<a name="signalsandexitcodesc" />
<h3>21.3.1. Exit codes</h3>
<table class="data">
<caption>Table: 21.3.1.1. Exit codes</caption>
<tr>
<th class="data">Exit Code</th>
<th class="data">Category</th>
<th class="data">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">-1</td>
<td class="data">FATAL</td>
<td class="data">Unrecoverable condition detected like disk or memory full</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">0</td>
<td class="data">NORMAL</td>
<td class="data">Normal exit with success</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">1</td>
<td class="data">WARNING</td>
<td class="data">Some kind of failure at startup/shutdown, typically shown with a reason for this error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">>1</td>
<td class="data">UNKNOWN</td>
<td class="data">Not used under normal operations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">>128</td>
<td class="data">SIGNAL</td>
<td class="data">Virtuoso was killed by a signal it could not process. (error code = signal + 128)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<a name="signalsandexitcodess" />
<h3>21.3.2. Signals</h3>
<table class="data">
<caption>Table: 21.3.2.1. Signals</caption>
<tr>
<th class="data">Signal</th>
<th class="data">Name</th>
<th class="data">Category</th>
<th class="data">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">1</td>
<td class="data">SIGHUP</td>
<td class="data">NORMAL</td>
<td class="data">Initiate quick shutdown when shell exits while running virtuoso in foreground mode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">2</td>
<td class="data">SIGINT</td>
<td class="data">NORMAL</td>
<td class="data">User pressed CTRL-C on Virtuoso running in foreground mode to initiate normal shutdown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">3</td>
<td class="data">SIGQUIT</td>
<td class="data">NORMAL</td>
<td class="data">User pressed CTRL-\ on Virtuoso running in foreground mode to initiate quick shutdown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">4</td>
<td class="data">SIGILL</td>
<td class="data">FAULT</td>
<td class="data">Illegal instruction resulting in a program crash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">7</td>
<td class="data">SIGBUS</td>
<td class="data">FAULT</td>
<td class="data">Misaligned mem read/write resulting in a program crash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">8</td>
<td class="data">SIGFPE</td>
<td class="data">FAULT</td>
<td class="data">Divide by 0 or other arithmetical error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">9</td>
<td class="data">SIGKILL</td>
<td class="data">SPECIAL</td>
<td class="data">Terminate Virtuoso without flushing dirty pages etc. This signal should NOT be used under normal operations.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">11</td>
<td class="data">SIGSEGV</td>
<td class="data">FAULT</td>
<td class="data">Buffer/stack overrun resulting in a program crash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">13</td>
<td class="data">SIGPIPE</td>
<td class="data">IGNORED</td>
<td class="data">Other side of a pipe was killed while this side tried to write data to it</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="data">15</td>
<td class="data">SIGTERM</td>
<td class="data">NORMAL</td>
<td class="data">Initiate quick shutdown</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<p>Signals that are marked as <strong>NORMAL</strong> indicate that these signals can be
sent by root or the owner of the virtuoso process to shutdown Virtuoso. The <strong>SIGINT</strong> and
<strong>SIGQUIT</strong> signals also work when Virtuoso is running in background mode and can be used
in shell scripts.</p>
<p>Signals that are marked as <strong>FAULT</strong> indicate an abnormal condition which should be
checked. If enabled (e.g. with ulimit -c unlimited), the operating system can write a core dump allowing
post-mortem debugging if the Virtuoso executable was compiled with debugging symbols.</p>
<p>Signals that are marked as <strong>IGNORED</strong> are handled inside Virtuoso.</p>
<p>The <strong>SIGTERM</strong> signal is mostly used by rc.d type shell scripts on Unix/Linux which
are called during shutdown, but can also be used inside shell scripts.</p>
<p>The <strong>SIGKILL</strong> signal should only be used as a last resort when all other efforts
to stop Virtuoso have failed.</p>
<a name="signalsandexitcodessquicksh" />
<h4>21.3.2.2. Quick shutdown</h4>
<p>In quick shutdown mode, Virtuoso will only flush dirty disk buffers, close transaction log and
database files and exit to the operating system. Since Virtuoso does not perform a checkpoint, the
next startup will take extra time as Virtuoso first needs to perform a rollback and a checkpoint
before it can resume operation. The <strong>SIGTERM</strong> signal mostly used by rc.d type
scripts on Unix/Linux which are called during shutdown as such instances it is better to quickly
finish operations and delay the checkpoint until the next boot.</p>
<br />
<a name="signalsandexitcodessquicknsh" />
<h4>21.3.2.3. Normal shutdown</h4>
<p>In normal shutdown mode, Virtuoso will do first do a full checkpoint, then flush dirty disk
buffers, close transaction log and database files before exiting to the operating system. Depending
on the size of the transaction log this can take some time. The <strong>SIGINT</strong> signal
can be used in stop scripts to cleanly shutdown the database by the dba or by root.</p>
<p>Note that in all cases signals can only be sent by the kernel, the root user or the uid of
the person who started Virtuoso. Anyone else that wants to shutdown the Virtuoso instance
should use the isql program to connect to Virtuoso and run the 'shutdown' command.</p>
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