<?xml version="1.0" ?> <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.2-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdex.dtd" [ <!ENTITY kappname "&kalzium;" ><!-- replace kapp here --> <!ENTITY package "kdeedu"> <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE"> <!ENTITY % Galician "INCLUDE" ><!-- change language only here --> ]> <book lang="&language;"> <bookinfo> <title >O Manual de &kalzium;</title> <authorgroup> <author ><firstname >Carsten</firstname > <surname >Niehaus</surname > <affiliation > <address >&Carsten.Niehaus.mail;</address> </affiliation> </author> <othercredit role="translator" ><firstname >Marce</firstname ><surname >Villarino</surname ><affiliation ><address ><email >mvillarino@users.sourceforge.net</email ></address ></affiliation ><contrib >Tradutor do proxecto Trasno</contrib ></othercredit > </authorgroup> <copyright> <year >2001</year> <year >2002</year> <year >2004</year> <year >2005</year> <year >2006</year> <year >2007</year> <year >2008</year> <holder >&Carsten.Niehaus;</holder> </copyright> <copyright> <year >2005</year> <holder >&Anne-Marie.Mahfouf;</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice >&FDLNotice;</legalnotice> <date >2008-07-27</date> <releaseinfo >2.0.80</releaseinfo> <abstract> <para >&kalzium; é un programa que lle mostra a Táboa Periódica dos Elementos. Pode usar &kalzium; para procurar información acerca dos elementos ou aprender cousas acerca da táboa periódica.</para> </abstract> <keywordset> <keyword >KDE</keyword> <keyword >educación</keyword> <keyword >elementos</keyword> <keyword >química</keyword> <keyword >educación</keyword> <keyword >kalzium</keyword> </keywordset> </bookinfo> <chapter id="introduction"> <title >Introdución</title> <para >&kalzium; fornece todo tipo de información acerca da Táboa Periódica dos Elementos. Pode procurar moreas de datos acerca dos elementos e tamén usar visualizacións para vé-los. É libre e distribúese sob a licenza &GNU; Public License. </para> <para >You can visualize the Periodic Table of the Elements by groups, blocks, and families. You can plot data for a range of elements for properties like the boilingpoint or the atomic mass. You can go back in time and see what elements were known at a given date. You can also calculate the molecular mass of molecules. </para> </chapter> <chapter id="quick-start"> <title >Guía rápida de &kalzium;</title> <para >Here is &kalzium; the first time you run it, either by selecting <menuchoice ><guimenu >Applications</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Edutainment</guisubmenu ><guisubmenu >Science</guisubmenu ><guimenuitem >&kalzium;</guimenuitem ></menuchoice > from the &kmenu; or with <keycombo action="simul" >&Alt;<keycap >F2</keycap ></keycombo > and entering <command >kalzium</command > into the field.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >A xanela principal de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject ><imagedata fileref="quick-1.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject> <textobject ><phrase >A xanela principal de &kalzium;</phrase ></textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >&kalzium; is divided in a navigation panel on the left (in red, 1) and the table view (in blue, 2) which shows the elements of the periodic table. The standard menubar allows you to choose what you want to display and the status bar reports facts. You can hide the navigation panel using the <menuchoice > <guimenu >View</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Show Sidebar</guimenuitem > </menuchoice > menu. </para> <para >When you move the mouse cursor on an element of the table, an overview of the current element in the <guilabel >Overview</guilabel > tab of the navigation panel is displayed. </para> <para >Pode escoller entre varias vistas da táboa: mostrar os elementos por familias, por grupos, por estrutura cristalina, en función do comportamento ácido, &etc;. Pode modificar todo isto no menú <menuchoice ><guimenu >Ver</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Mirar</guimenuitem ></menuchoice >. </para> <para >Se quer aprender cousas acerca dun elemento en concreto, prema nel na táboa e mostrarase o diálogo de información. </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de Información</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject ><imagedata fileref="quick-2.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject> <textobject ><phrase >Diálogo de Información</phrase ></textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >You can plot data using the <menuchoice > <guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Plot Data...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice > menu item. You choose what you want to plot on the y-axis and a range of elements to plot that for on the x-axis. The screenshot below shows the mass of the elements 1 to 10. </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >O diálogo de representación de datos</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject ><imagedata fileref="quick-3.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject> <textobject ><phrase >O diálogo de representación de datos</phrase ></textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >The Glossary (<menuchoice > <guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Glossary...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice >) explains the most important chemical words and shows you pictures of the most common tools along with an explanation.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >O glosario</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject ><imagedata fileref="quick-4.png" format="PNG"/></imageobject> <textobject ><phrase >O glosario</phrase ></textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </chapter> <chapter id="using-kalzium"> <title >Utilización de &kalzium;</title> <sect1 id="foo" ><title >Resumo do uso de Kalzium</title> <para >Estas son algunhas imaxes de &kalzium; en acción:</para> <para >&kalzium; é moi fácil de usar. Está especialmente deseñado para ser usado por estudantes de todas as idades como referencia rápida e simples.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >A xanela principal de &kalzium;, tras o primeiro arranque</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshot1.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >a xanela principal de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect1> <sect1 id="info-dlg"> <title >O diálogo de información</title> <para >The information dialog is accessed by clicking with the &LMB; on any element. This is the place to get information about an element. With the buttons at the bottom of the dialog you can change the element which is displayed without closing the dialog.</para> <sect2 id="infodialog_overview"> <title >Resumo</title> <para >In the <guilabel >Overview</guilabel > you will find the most important information about the element. In the middle you see the symbol of the Element with it's elemental number in the bottom left. The top-left corner displays the name of the element while the bottom-right corner shows the elemental weight.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_overview.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para ></caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="infodialog_orbits"> <title >Orbitais de Bohr</title> <para >A páxina <guilabel >Modelo Atómico</guilabel > mostra os orbitais atómicos. Cada órbita representa un orbital e cada círculo marelo un electrón.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_bohr.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="infodialog_misc"> <title >Varios</title> <para >The <guilabel >Miscellaneous</guilabel > tab tells you other informations about the current element, including when it was discovered and the origin of the name.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_misc.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="infodialog_isotopes"> <title >Isotopes</title> <para >The <guilabel >Isotopes</guilabel > tab presents information about the isotopes of an element. <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term >Masa</term> <listitem ><para >A masa deste isótopo. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Neutróns</term> <listitem ><para >O número de neutróns que ten este isótopo. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Porcentaxe</term> <listitem ><para >A porcentaxe de átomos que son deste isótopo. Tamén chamada abundancia. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Período de meia-vida</term> <listitem ><para >Só os isótopos inestábeis teñen período de meia-vida. Defínese como o tempo no cal a metade destes isótopos decaen. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Enerxía e Modo de Decaemento</term> <listitem ><para >Sábese que algúns isótopos emiten partículas de radiación baixo o proceso de decaimento radiactivo. Cada transformación por decaimento libera unha enerxía típica, que está listada xunto co modo de decaimento. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Spin and Parity</term> <listitem ><para >A rotación do núcleo e a súa paridade. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term >Momento Magnético</term> <listitem ><para >O momento do dipolo magnético do núcleo. Mídese en unidades de magnetrón nuclear. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_isotopes.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="infodialog_dataoverview"> <title >Data Overview</title> <para >The <guilabel >Data Overview</guilabel > tab tells you about different facts related to the element.</para> <para >Depending on the data available in &kalzium; you will see different radii of the element. The covalent radius is the radius of a non charged atom of the element in a molecule. The could for example be the O-H-distance in Water. The atomic radius is the radius of an elemental atom, ⪚ not bound to anything. The van der Waals-radius is defined as the distance of two atoms of the same sort in two equal molecules, for example two carbon-atoms in propane. The last possible radius is the ionic radius including its charge.</para> <para >A masa dun elemento é a masa media de todos os isótopos en relación á súa abundancia. </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_data_overview.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <!-- Uncomment this when it has some content, since otherwise it --> <!-- breaks checkXML --> <!-- <sect2 id="infodialog_warnings"> <title >Warnings</title> <para ></para> </sect2> --> <sect2 id="infodialog_spectrum"> <title >Espectro</title> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="infodialog_spectrum.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Diálogo de información de &kalzium;</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para ></para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> </sect1> <!-- Don't have empty chapters if possible - comment them out until --> <sect1 id="numeration"> <title >Numeración</title> <para >A numeración é o xeito de numerar os 18 grupos da táboa periódica. Pode escoller a numeración entre <guilabel >IUPAC</guilabel >, <guilabel >CAS</guilabel >, ou <guilabel >vella IUPAC</guilabel >, ou apaga-la.</para> <para >Pode usar as seguintes opcións do menú <guimenu >Ver</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Numeración</guimenuitem > para escoller a numeración que mostrar: <itemizedlist> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Sen Numeración</guimenuitem >: se activa esta opción, non haberá numeración dos períodos.</para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >IUPAC</guimenuitem > (default) is the <firstterm >International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</firstterm >. This is an organization which defines most of the standards for chemical concerns. The new IUPAC system numbers each column with Arabic numbers from 1 (one) through 18 (eighteen). </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >CAS</guimenuitem > is the <firstterm >Chemical Abstracts Service</firstterm >. In the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). Though the <acronym >IUPAC</acronym > numeration is the official, the <acronym >CAS</acronym > numeration is what is still used in classrooms and laboratories.</para ></listitem> <listitem ><para >The <guimenuitem >Old IUPAC</guimenuitem > system labeled columns with Roman numerals followed by either the letter <quote >A</quote > or <quote >B</quote >. Columns were numbered such that columns one through seven were numbered <quote >IA</quote > through <quote >VIIA</quote >, columns 8 through 10 were labeled <quote >VIIIA</quote >, columns 11 through 17 were numbered <quote >IB</quote > through <quote >VIIB</quote > and column 18 was numbered <quote >VIII</quote >. Because of the confusion the old IUPAC and the CAS system created, the IUPAC adopted their new system. </para ></listitem> </itemizedlist> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="colors"> <title >Esquemas de Cor</title> <para >&kalzium; pode mostrarlle que elementos son que con respeito ao seu <quote >bloque</quote > e <quote >grupo</quote > na táboa, segundo o comportamento ácido ou polo estado da materia (&ie; sólido/líquido/vapor) no que están a unha temperatura dada.</para> <para >Color schemes can be changed in the <menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Look</guimenuitem ></menuchoice > menu. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >One Color</guimenuitem >: all the elements have the same color. You can change the default color by choosing <menuchoice ><guimenu >Settings</guimenu ><guimenuitem >Configure &kalzium;...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice > and going to the <guilabel >Colors</guilabel > tab. </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Blocks</guimenuitem >: displays a color for each block. </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Iconic</guimenuitem >: displays icons for each element. </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Family</guimenuitem >: represents each of the nine families with a color. </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Groups</guimenuitem >: displays a color for each group. A group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table. Elements in a group have similar configurations of their valence shell electrons, which gives them similar properties. </para ></listitem> <listitem> <para ><guimenuitem >Gradiente</guimenuitem ></para> <para >As vistas en gradiente mostran os elementos de acordo a unha propriedade que pode escoller cun gradiente de cores. Os elementos para os que non se dispoña de datos serán mostrados en cor gris.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >Gradiente segundo o Raio Covalente</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="gradient.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Gradiente segundo o Raio Covalente</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <itemizedlist> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Raio de Covalencia</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Raio de van der Waals</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Masa Atómica</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Ponto de Ebulición</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Ponto de Fusión</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Electronegativity (Pauling)</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Electronaffinity</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >Discovery date</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> <listitem ><para ><guimenuitem >First Ionisation</guimenuitem> </para ></listitem> </itemizedlist> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect1> <sect1 id="tools"> <title >Ferramentas</title> <sect2 id="nuclid_board"> <title >Isotope Table</title> <para >The <guimenuitem >Isotope Table...</guimenuitem > shows you the isotopes of the elements. </para> <para >There are diffent kinds of isotopes, some are stable, some are not. The unstable isotopes can decay as alpha-rays are two diffent beta-rays. These differences are encoded by using diffenrent colors. </para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshotnuclidboard.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >the <quote >Isotope Table</quote > window</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >&kalzium; pode mostrar os isótopos dun rango de elementos</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="rs_phrases"> <title >Risk/Security Phrases</title> <para >The R/S Phrases, also known as Risk and Safety Statements, R/S statements, R/S numbers, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds.The R/S phrase of a compound consists of a risk part (R) and a safety part (S), each followed by a combination of numbers. Each number corresponds to a phrase. The phrase corresponding to the letter/number combination has the same meaning in different languages. </para> </sect2> <sect2 id="glossary"> <title >Glosario</title> <para >O glosario fornece definicións das ferramentas mais usadas na química así como algúns datos. Á esquerda da xanela pode ver a lista de itens. Encima, hai termos químicos, en baixo hai outra lista de ferramentas de laboratorio. </para> <para >On the top of the widget you can see a searchbar. If you type in the bar the trees will be adjusted immediately. The small button in the right end of the searchbar will clear it. </para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshot7.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >O <quote >Glosario</quote ></phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="plot_data"> <title >Debuxar Datos</title> <para >The <guimenuitem >Plot Data...</guimenuitem > dialog allows you to plot some information about elements. The X-axis represents a range of elements (from one number to a higher number). You set this range using the <guilabel >First Element</guilabel > and <guilabel >Last Element</guilabel > fields on the dialog. </para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshot5.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >O Diálogo <quote >Debuxar Datos</quote ></phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >&kalzium; pode debuxar algúns datos dun rango de elementos.</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="eq_solver"> <title >Resolución de Ecuacións</title> <para >Con <guimenuitem >Resolución de Ecuacións</guimenuitem > poderá resolver ecuacións químicas. Este é un exemplo: </para> <blockquote ><para >aH2O + bCO2 -> cH2CO3</para ></blockquote> <para >A ecuación calculada será mostrada á direita da xanela. Como se pode ver neste primeiro exemplo tamén pode definir o valor dun ou mais coeficientes. Os outros coeficientes serán axustados. Ademais, é posíbel usar corchetes arredor dos elementos ou cargas como se mostras nos dous últimos exemplos.</para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshoteqsolver.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >O Diálogo de <quote >Resolución de Ecuacións</quote ></phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >&kalzium; pode resolver ecuacións químicas</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect2> <sect2 id="sidebar"> <title >Barra Lateral</title> <sect3 id="overview"> <title >Resumo</title> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="sidebar1.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Resumo</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >The <guilabel >Overview</guilabel > tab is the first one and it shows you an overview of the element the mouse is over.</para> </sect3> <sect3 id="stateofmatter"> <title >Estado da Materia</title> <para >The <guilabel >State of Matter</guilabel > tab is the second in the navigation panel.</para> <para >En primeiro lugar móstranselle os seguintes ícones e texto:</para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshot2.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >O Diálogo <quote >Estado da Materia</quote ></phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >&kalzium; pode mostrar que elementos son sólidos/líquidos/gases a unha temperatura dada.</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect3> <sect3 id="timeline"> <title >Liña de tempo</title> <para >The <guilabel >Timeline</guilabel > feature allows you to explore the elements of the set time period. This is great for getting a feel for how the PSE evolved over time, as more and more elements were discovered. If you move the slider you will notice that some elements disappear if you move it to the left and reappear if you move it to the right. Furthermore the number will change constantly.</para> <para >O número representa a data na que está a procurar. Se move a barra para ⪚ 1856 só verá os elementos que eran coñecidos no ano 1856. </para> <para >Verá que algúns elementos non se mostran na data actual. Isto é porque algúns non foron descobertos aínda senón que se predixo que existirán. </para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="screenshot6.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >A <quote >Liña de Tempo</quote ></phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >A Táboa periódica no pasado (elementos coñecidos en 1856)</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect3> <sect3 id="calculate"> <title >Calcular</title> <para >The <guilabel >Calculate</guilabel > tab is the last in the sidebar. It allows you to calculate molecules weights.</para> <para >En primeiro lugar móstranselle os seguintes ícones e texto:</para> <screenshot> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="sidebar2.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Calcular</phrase> </textobject> <caption ><para >Calcular</para> </caption> </mediaobject> </screenshot> </sect3> <sect3 id="show_hide_legend"> <title >Show Legend</title> <para >The Show Legend action allows you to display the legend for the scheme you are in (Groups, Family, Blocks). The legend is displayed by default but if you hide it, it will stay hidden until you choose to show it. &kalzium; will keep this setting in its configuration file, so that the next time you run it, the setting will be as you left it. </para> </sect3> </sect2> </sect1> </chapter> <chapter id="config"> <title >Configuración de &kalzium;</title> <para >&kalzium; ten múltiplas opcións de configuración, ás que pode aceder abrindo o diálogo de configuración mediante <menuchoice ><guimenu >Configuración</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Configurar &kalzium;...</guimenuitem ></menuchoice > no menú.</para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >O Diálogo de Configuración de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="settings1.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Cores</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >Na páxina <guilabel >Cores</guilabel >, pode mudar as cores de cada un dos esquemas. </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >O Diálogo de Configuración de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="settings2.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Unidades</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >Na páxina <guilabel >Unidades</guilabel >, poderá escoller as unidades. Pode escoller se prefere kJ/mol ou eV. A Temperatura está en Kelvins por omisión pero pode cambiá-la a graus Centigrados ou Fahrenheit. </para> <screenshot> <screeninfo >O Diálogo de Configuración de &kalzium;</screeninfo> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="settings3.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase >Varios</phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </screenshot> <para >In the <guilabel >Miscellaneous</guilabel > tab, you can select to display the atomic mass or only the element numbers in the PSE. </para> </chapter> <chapter id="commands"> <title >Referencia dos Comandos</title> <sect1 id="kalzium-mainwindow"> <title >Menús e atallos do teclado</title> <sect2> <title >O Menú <guimenu >Ficheiro</guimenu ></title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >File</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Save As...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Save</action > &kalzium;s table as image.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><shortcut > <keycombo action="simul" >&Ctrl;<keycap >Q</keycap ></keycombo > </shortcut > <guimenu >Ficheiro</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Sair</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Quits</action > &kalzium;.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </sect2> <sect2> <title >O Menú <guimenu >Vista</guimenu ></title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Vista</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Numeración</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Sen Numeración</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > no numeration scheme.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Numeration</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >IUPAC</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the IUPAC numeration.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Numeration</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >CAS</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the CAS numeration.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Numeration</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Old IUPAC</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the Old IUPAC numeration.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <!-- second entry --> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Scheme: One Color</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > all elements with one background color.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Scheme: Blocks</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the four blocks of elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Scheme: Iconic</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > icons for each element.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Scheme: Familiy</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the families of elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Scheme: Groups</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the groups of elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Covalent Radius</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements covalent radius.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: van Der Waals</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements van der Waals radius.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Atomic Mass</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements atomic mass.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Boiling Point</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements boiling point.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Melting Point</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements melting point.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Electronegativity (Pauling)</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements electronegativity.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Electronaffinity</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements electron affinity.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: Discovery date</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the discovery date of each element with different background colors for each century.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Look</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Gradient: First Ionisation</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the elements energy of first ionisation.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Tables</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Table: Classic Periodic Table</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the classic periodic table with all elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Tables</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Table: Short Periodic Table</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > a periodic table without transition elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Tables</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Table: Transition Elements</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > a periodic table only with transition elements.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Tables</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Table: DZ Periodic Table</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para >This item represents the table the DZ <foreignphrase lang="de" >Deutscher Zentralausschuss</foreignphrase > "German Central Comitee" suggests.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Vista</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Mostrar/Acochar Lenda</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Toggle</action > the legend view.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Vista</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Mostrar/Acochar Barra Lateral</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Toggle</action > the Sidebar.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </sect2> <sect2> <title >O Menú <guimenu >Ferramentas</guimenu ></title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Plot Data...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the Plot Data dialog.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Isotope Table...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the Isotope Table window.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Glossary...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the Glossary.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Equation Solver...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the Equationsolver dialog.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Convert chemical files...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > a dialog to import and export a wide range of chemical file formats and data types with the Open Babel library.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >R/S Phrases</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the <guilabel >Risk/Security Phrases</guilabel > dialog.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Tables...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > a dialog with the <guilabel >Greek alphabet</guilabel > and <guilabel >Numeric Prefixes and Roman Numerals</guilabel >.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >View</guimenu > <guisubmenu >Tools</guisubmenu > <guimenuitem >Molecular Editor...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Open</action > the Molecular Editor dialog.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Tools</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Export Data...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Opens</action > a dialog where you can select <guilabel >Elements</guilabel > and their <guilabel >Properties</guilabel > to export them to a &HTML; file.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </sect2> <sect2> <title >O Menú <guimenu >Configuración</guimenu ></title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Settings</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Show Toolbar</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Toggle</action > the Main Toolbar.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Settings</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Show Statusbar</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Toggle</action > the Statusbar.</para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Configuración</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Configurar Atallos de Teclado...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Configura</action > as techas que usar para aceder ás diferentes accións.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Configuración</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Configurar Barras de Ferramentas...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Configure</action > the items you want to put in the toolbar. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term ><menuchoice ><guimenu >Configuración</guimenu > <guimenuitem >Configurar &kalzium;...</guimenuitem > </menuchoice ></term> <listitem ><para ><action >Display</action > the &kalzium; settings dialog. </para ></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </sect2> <sect2> <title >O Menú <guimenu >Axuda</guimenu ></title> &help.menu.documentation; </sect2> </sect1> </chapter> <chapter id="faq"> <title >Perguntas e Respostas</title> <qandaset id="faqlist"> <qandaentry> <question> <para >Terei que pagar algunha vez por &kalzium;?</para> </question> <answer> <para >Non, nunca. Pero o autor sempre agradecerá un correo dándolle azos ou un DVD dándolle as <quote >Grazas</quote >. &kalzium; é distribuido sob a licenza <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html#GPL" >GPL</ulink >, polo que nunca terá que pagar por este programa.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> <question> <para >Haberá algunha vez unha versión para &Windows;?</para> </question> <answer> <para >No, at the moment not, but you can download the source and make your own &Windows; version. It should not be a big problem, because it is written with Trolltech &Qt; libs. But what do you need &Windows; for? Get the latest &Linux;, and live on the edge.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> </qandaset> </chapter> <chapter id="contribute"> <title >Como podo contribuir?</title> <qandaset id="tasks"> <qandaentry> <question> <para >Axudenos cos datos.</para> </question> <answer> <para >No mundo da ciencia, o avance é bastante rápido. Se algunha vez acha un valor incorrecto ou a faltar, envienos un email.</para> </answer> </qandaentry> <qandaentry> <question> <para >Atopou algún erro ou ten algunha suxestión</para> </question> <answer> <para >If you find any bugs in the program, or have a few suggestions for improvements, please let me know at &Carsten.Niehaus.mail;. </para> </answer> </qandaentry> </qandaset> </chapter> <chapter id="credits"> <title >Recoñecimentos e Licenza</title> <para >&kalzium;</para> <para >Copyright do programa, 2001-2005 &Carsten.Niehaus; &Carsten.Niehaus.mail; </para> <para >Contribuintes:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem ><para >Pino Toscano <email >toscano.pino@tiscali.it</email > </para ></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para >mvillarino<email >mvillarino@users.sourceforge.net</email ></para > &underFDL; &underGPL; </chapter> <appendix id="installation"> <title >Instalación</title> <sect1 id="getting-kalzium"> <title >Como obter &kalzium;</title> &install.intro.documentation; </sect1> <sect1 id="requirements"> <title >Requerimentos</title> <para >&kalzium; itself can be found on <ulink url="http://edu.kde.org/kalzium" >The &kalzium; home page</ulink > and is part of the &kde;-Edu project</para> <para >Pode achar unha lista de cambios no ficheiro <filename >ChangeLog</filename > da súa distribuición de &kalzium;.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="compilation"> <title >Compilación e Instalación</title> &install.compile.documentation; </sect1> </appendix> &documentation.index; </book> <!-- Local Variables: mode: sgml sgml-minimize-attributes:nil sgml-general-insert-case:lower sgml-indent-step:0 sgml-indent-data:nil End: // vim:ts=2:sw=2:tw=78:noet:noai -->
