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<title>Mom -- Document Processing, Introduction and Setup</title>
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<td><a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><a href="docelement.html#top">Next: The document element tags</a></td>
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<h1 class="docs">Document processing with mom</h1>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<ul class="no-enumerator" style="margin-left: -2.5em;">
<li><a href="#defaults">Document defaults</a></li>
<li><a href="#leading-note">Important note on leading/spacing and bottom margins</a></li>
<li><a href="#shim">The SHIM macro</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="rule-medium"><hr/></div>
<h2 id="toc-doc-processing" class="docs" style="text-align: center;">Table of contents</h2>
<div id="docprocessing-mini-toc" style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%; margin-top: .5em;">
<div class="mini-toc-col-1" style="margin-left: 0;">
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: 1em;"><a class="header-link" href="#docprocessing-intro">Introduction</a></h3>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header" style="margin-top: .5em;"><a class="header-link" href="#setup">Document setup</a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#docprocessing-tut"><b>Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</b></a></li>
<li><a href="#reference-macros"><b>The reference macros</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#title">TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-title">DOCTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#subtitle">SUBTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#draft">DRAFT</a></li>
<li><a href="#revision">REVISION</a></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
<li><a href="#misc">MISC</a></li>
<li><a href="#covertitle">COVERTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-covertitle">DOC_COVERTITLE</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#docstyle-macros"><b>The docstyle macros</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a></li>
<li><a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#start-macro">Initiate document processing</a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#start"><b>The START macro</b></a></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#style-before-start">Establishing type and formatting<br/><span style="display: block; margin-top: -.3em;">parameters before START</span></a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#type-before-start"><b>Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="docprocessing.html#include">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</a></li>
<li><a href="#color">Initializing colours</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mini-toc-col-2" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
<br/>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust"><b>Adjust linespacing to fill pages</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#shim">SHIM</a> – the macro to get document leading back on track</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#docheader"><b>Managing the document header</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#docheader">DOCHEADER</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-control">Docheader control</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#docheader-desc">Docheader description</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-docheader-control">Macro list</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#columns-intro"><b>Setting documents in columns</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#columns">COLUMNS</a></li>
<li><a href="#breaking-columns">Breaking columns manually</a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#col-next">COL_NEXT</a></li>
<li><a href="#col-break">COL_BREAK</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="toc toc-docproc-header"><a class="header-link" href="#style-after-start">Changing basic type and formatting<br/><span style="display: block; margin-top: -.3em;">parameters after START</span></a></h3>
<ul class="toc-docproc" style="margin-top: .5em;">
<li><a href="#behaviour"><b>Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</b></a></li>
<li><a href="docprocessing.html#index-doc-param"><b>Post-START global style change macros</b></a>
<ul class="toc-docproc">
<li><a href="#doc-left-margin">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-right-margin">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-line-length">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-family">DOC_FAMILY</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-pt-size">DOC_PT_SIZE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-quad">DOC_QUAD</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="rule-medium" style="clear: both;"><hr/></div>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="docprocessing-intro" class="docs">Introduction to document processing</h2>
<p>
Document processing with mom uses markup tags to identify document elements
such as heads, paragraphs, and so on. The tags are, of course,
macros, but with sensible, readable names that make them easy
to grasp and easy to remember. (And don’t forget: if you
don’t like the “official” name of a tag —
too long, cumbersome to type in, not “intuitive” enough
— you can change it with the
<a href="goodies.html#alias">ALIAS</a>
macro.)
</p>
<p>
In addition to the tags themselves, mom has an extensive array of
macros that control how they look and behave.
</p>
<p>
Setting up a mom doc is a simple, four-part procedure. You
begin by entering information about the document itself (title,
subtitle, author, etc.). Next, you tell mom what kind of document
you’re creating (e.g. chapter, letter, abstract, etc...) and
what kind of output you want (typeset, typewritten, draft-style,
etc). Thirdly, you make as many or as few changes to mom’s
default behaviour as you wish. Lastly, you invoke the
<kbd><a href="#start">START</a></kbd>
macro. Voilà! You’re ready to write.
</p>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="defaults" class="docs">Document defaults</h2>
<p>
As is to be expected, mom has defaults for everything. If you want
to know a particular default, read about it in the description of
the pertinent tag.
</p>
<p>
I fear the following may not be adequately covered in the
documentation, so just in case:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: .5em;">
<li>the paper size is 8.5x11 inches</li>
<li>the left and right margins are 1-inch</li>
<li>the top and bottom margins for document text are plus/minus
visually 1-inch
</li>
<li>pages are numbered; the number appears centred, at the
bottom, surrounded by hyphens ( e.g. -6- )
</li>
<li>the first page of a document begins with a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">document header</a>
</li>
<li>subsequent pages have
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
with a rule underneath
</li>
</ul>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="leading-note" class="docs">Important note on leading/spacing and bottom margins</h2>
<p>
Mom takes evenly-aligned bottom margins in
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
very seriously. Only under a very few (exceptional) circumstances
will she allow a bottom margin to “hang” (i.e. to fall
short).
</p>
<p>
In order to ensure even bottom margins, mom uses the
“base” document
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
in effect <i>at the start of running text on each page</i> (i.e.
the leading used in paragraphs) to calculate the spacing of every
document element. Prior to invoking
<a href="#start">START</a>,
this is set with the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macro</a>
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>,
afterwards with the document
<a href="definitions.html#controlmacro">control macro</a>
<a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a>.
</p>
<p>
Because mom relies so heavily on the base document
leading, any change to the leading or spacing on a page will almost
certainly have undesirable consequences on that page’s bottom margin
unless the change is fully compensated for elsewhere on the page.
</p>
<p>
In other words, if you add a few points of space somewhere on a page,
you must subtract the same number of points somewhere else on that
same page, and vice versa.
</p>
<p>
If it’s a question of adding or subtracting full
line spaces between or within document elements, you
can do so by using the “<kbd>v</kbd>” <a
href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a> with
whatever spacing macro you choose —
<a href="typesetting.html#ald">ALD</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#rld">RLD</a>,
<a href="typesetting.html#space">SPACE</a>
— and mom won’t object. “<kbd>v</kbd>” means
“the current leading”, so she isn’t confused by it. And
since “<kbd>v</kbd>” accepts decimal fractions, you can add/subtract
half linespaces and quarter linespaces with “<kbd>v</kbd>” as well,
<i>provided you compensate for the fractional linespace somewhere
else on the page</i>.
</p>
<p>
If all this seems like too much work, mom provides a special macro
to get you out of trouble if you’ve played around with leading
and/or spacing. The macro is called SHIM (like those little pieces
of wood carpenters use to get their work even, level and snug), and
it’s described below.
</p>
<!-- -SHIM- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="shim" class="macro-id">SHIM</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>SHIM</b>
</div>
<p>
SHIM doesn’t take any argument. Use it whenever you’ve played
around with the
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
or spacing on a page and you need to get mom’s document
leading back on track.
</p>
<p>
For example, say you want to insert a picture into a document with
the special groff macro, PSPIC (see <kbd>man groff-tmac</kbd> for
usage).
</p>
<p>
Pictures aren’t usually conveniently sized in multiples of
document leading, which means that when you insert the picture, you
disrupt mom’s ordered placement of baselines on the page.
This will certainly result in a bottom margin that doesn’t
match the bottom margins of your document’s other pages.
</p>
<p>
The solution is to insert SHIM after the picture,
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
<some lines of text>
.PSPIC <full path to picture>
.SHIM
<more lines of text>
</span>
</p>
<p>
SHIM instructs mom to insert as much or a little space after the
picture as is needed to ensure that the baseline of the next
<a href="definitions.html#outputline">output line</a>
falls where mom would have put it had you not disrupted the normal
flow of output lines with the picture.
</p>
<p>
And say, on previewing the above example, you find that the picture
doesn’t centre nicely between the lines of text, you can
always do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
<some lines of text>
.RLD 3p
.PSPIC <full path to picture>
.SHIM
<more lines of text>
</span>
to raise the picture slightly (reverse lead 3 points; see
<a href="typesetting.html#rld">RLD</a>),
and still have SHIM ensure that text underneath falls exactly where
it’s supposed to.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
For information on disabling the automatic shimming of quotes and
blockquotes during document processing, see
<a href="docelement.html#no-shim">here</a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h2 id="setup" class="docs" style="margin-bottom: .5em;">Preliminary document setup</h2>
<div class="examples-container" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<h3 id="docprocessing-tut" class="docs">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</h3>
<p style="margin-top: 1em;">
There are four parts to setting up a mom doc (three, actually,
with one optional). Before we proceed, though, be reassured that
something as simple as
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "By the Shores of Lake Attica"
.AUTHOR "Rosemary Winspeare"
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.START
</span>
produces a beautifully typeset 8.5x11 document, with a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
at the top of page 1,
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
with the title and author on subsequent pages, and page numbers at
the bottom of each page. In the course of the document, heads,
subheads, citations, quotes, epigraphs, and so on, all come out
looking neat, trim, and professional.
</p>
<p>
For the purposes of this tutorial, we’re going to set up
a short story—<i>My Pulitzer Winner</i>—by Joe Blow.
Thankfully, we don’t have to look at story itself, just the
setup. Joe wants the document
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">
<li>to be draft 7, revision 39;</li>
<li>to use the “default” style of document formatting:</li>
<li>to print as draft-style output (instead of “final” copy output);</li>
<li>to be typeset, in Helvetica, 12 on 14,
<a href="definitions.html#rag">rag-right</a>;
</li>
<li>to have <a href="definitions.html#footer">footers</a>
instead of
<a href="definitions.html#header">headers</a>;
</li>
<li>to use a single asterisk for
<a href="definitions.html#linebreak">author linebreaks</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Joe Blow has no taste in typography. His draft won’t look
pretty, but this is, after all, a tutorial; we’re after
examples, not beauty.
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -.5em;">Step 1</h4>
<p style="margin-bottom: -.5em;">
The first step in setting up any document is giving mom some
reference information. The reference macros are:
</p>
<div style="width: 50%; float: left;">
<ul>
<li>TITLE</li>
<li>DOCTITLE</li>
<li>COVERTITLE</li>
<li>DOC_COVERTITLE</li>
<li>SUBTITLE</li>
<li>AUTHOR</li>
<li>CHAPTER – the chapter number</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>DRAFT – the draft number</li>
<li>REVISION – the revision number</li>
<li>COPYRIGHT – only used on cover pages</li>
<li>MISC – only used on cover pages</li>
<li>COVER_TITLE – only on cover pages; only if needed</li>
<li>DOC_COVER_TITLE – only on document cover pages; only if needed</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.5em; clear: both;">
You can use as many or as few as you wish, although at a minimum,
you’ll probably fill in TITLE (unless the document’s a
letter) and AUTHOR. Order doesn’t matter. You can separate
the
<a href="definitions.html#arguments">arguments</a>
from the macros by any number of spaces. The following are what
you’d need to start Joe Blow’s story.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
</span>
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -1.5em;">Step 2</h4>
<p>
Once you’ve given mom the reference information she needs, you
tell her how you want your document formatted. What kind of
document is it? Should it be typeset or typewritten? Is this a
final copy (for the world to see) or just a draft? Mom calls
the macros that answer these questions “the docstyle
macros.” They are:
</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">
<li>DOCTYPE—the type of document (default, chapter, user-defined, letter)</li>
<li>PRINTSTYLE—typeset or typewritten</li>
<li>COPYSTYLE —draft or final copy</li>
</ul>
<p>
Mom has defaults for DOCTYPE and COPYSTYLE; if they’re what
you want, you don’t need to include them here. However,
PRINTSTYLE has no default and must be present in every formatted
document. If you omit it, mom won’t process the document
AND she’ll complain (both to stderr and as a single printed
sheet with a warning). Moms—they can be so annoying
sometimes. <sigh>
</p>
<p>
Adding to what we already have, the next bit of setup for Joe
Blow’s story looks like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT \"Superfluous; mom uses DOCTYPE DEFAULT by default
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
</span>
Notice the use of the
<a href="definitions.html#commentlines">comment line</a>
( <kbd>\#</kbd> ), a handy way to keep groups of macros visually
separated for easy reading in a text editor.
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">Step 3</h4>
<p>
This step—completely optional—is where you, the
user, take charge. Mom has defaults for <i>everything</i>, but
who’s ever satisfied with defaults? Use any of the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
here to change mom’s document defaults (paper size, margins,
family, point size, line space, rag, etc), or any of the document
processing macros that set/change/control the appearance of document
elements. Think of this as the “style-sheet ” section
of a document. And please note: you MUST give mom a
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
directive <i>before</i> making any such changes.
</p>
<p>
Joe Blow wants his story printed in Helvetica, 12 on 14, rag right,
with
<a href="definitions.html#footer">page footers</a>
instead of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
and a single asterisk for the
<a href="definitions.html#linebreak">linebreak</a>
character. None of these requirements conforms to mom’s
defaults for the chosen PRINTSTYLE (TYPESET), so we change them
here. The setup for Joe Blow’s story now looks like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.FAMILY H
.PT_SIZE 12
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT \"i.e. rag right
.FOOTERS
.LINEBREAK_CHAR *
</span>
</p>
<h4 class="docs" style="margin-top: -1.5em; margin-bottom: -.5em;">Step 4</h4>
<p>
The final step in setting up a document is telling mom to start
document processing. It’s a no-brainer, just the single
macro, START. Other than PRINTSTYLE, it’s the only macro
required for document processing (although I can’t guarantee
you’ll like the results of using just the two).
</p>
<p>
Here’s the complete setup for <i>My Pulitzer Winner</i>:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.DOCTYPE DEFAULT
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.FAMILY H
.PT_SIZE 12
.LS 14
.QUAD LEFT \"i.e. rag right
.FOOTERS
.LINEBREAK_CHAR *
\#
.START
</span>
As pointed out earlier, Joe Blow is no typographer. Given that all he
needs is a printed draft of his work, a simpler setup would have been:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE
.COPYSTYLE DRAFT
\#
.START
</span>
<kbd>.PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</kbd>, above, means that Joe’s
work will come out “typewritten, double-spaced”,
making the blue-pencilling he (or someone else) is sure to do much
easier (which is why many publishers and agents still insist on
typewritten, double-spaced copy).
</p>
<p>
When J. Blow stops re-writing and decides to print off a final,
typeset copy of his work for the world to see, he need only make two
changes to the (simplified) setup:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "My Pulitzer Winner"
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.DRAFT 7
.REVISION 39
\#
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET \"first change
.COPYSTYLE FINAL \"second change
\#
.START
</span>
In the above, <kbd>.DRAFT 7, .REVISION 39,</kbd> and
<kbd>.COPYSTYLE FINAL</kbd> are actually superfluous. The draft
and revision numbers aren’t used when COPYSTYLE is FINAL,
and <b>COPYSTYLE FINAL</b> is mom’s default unless you tell
her otherwise.
</p>
<p>
BUT... to judge from the number of drafts already,
J. Blow may very well decide his “final” version still
isn’t up to snuff. Hence, he might as well leave in the
superfluous macros. That way, when draft 7, rev. 62 becomes draft
8, rev. 1, he’ll be ready to tackle his Pulitzer winner again.
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="reference-macros" class="macro-group">The reference macros</h2>
<p>
The reference macros give mom the meta-information she needs to
generate
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheaders</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>,
and
<a href="cover.html#cover-top">covers</a>.
They must go at the top of any file that uses mom’s document
processing macros.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-reference" class="macro-list">Reference macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#title">TITLE</a> – title of a story, article, etc</li>
<li><a href="#doc-title">DOCTITLE</a> – title of a book, or any collated document</li>
<li><a href="#subtitle">SUBTITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a> – the chapter number
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#chapter-string">CHAPTER_STRING</a> – “Chapter”, “CHAPTER”, “Chapître”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#draft">DRAFT</a>
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#draft-string">DRAFT_STRING</a> – “Draft”, “DRAFT”, “Jet”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#revision">REVISION</a>
<ul>
<li class="sublist"><a href="#revision-string">REVISION_STRING</a> – “Revision”, “Rev.”, “Révision”, etc</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
<li><a href="#misc">MISC</a></li>
<li><a href="#covertitle">COVERTITLE</a> – frontispiece, title page, etc</li>
<li><a href="#doc-covertitle">DOC_COVERTITLE</a> – book cover, collated document cover, etc</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="title" class="macro-id">TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>TITLE</b> <kbd>"<title string>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The title string can be caps or caps/lower-case; it’s up to you. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
the title will appear in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
exactly as you typed it. However, mom converts the title to all
caps in
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
unless you turn that feature off (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#_caps">HEADER_<POSITION>_CAPS</a>).
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
the title always gets converted to caps.
</p>
<p>
TITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded by double-quotes.
Each argument is printed on a separate line, permitting you to
create multi-line titles in your docheaders.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If your <kbd><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a></kbd> is CHAPTER, TITLE
should be the title of the opus, not “CHAPTER whatever”.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOCTITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-title" class="macro-id">DOCUMENT TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<overall document title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
This macro should be used only if your <a
href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> (which is
mom’s default). If your DOCTYPE is CHAPTER, use
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>
to set the overall document title for cover pages, document cover
pages, and page headers or footers.
</p>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.5em;">
When you’re creating a single document, say, an essay or a
short story, you have no need of this macro.
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>
takes care of all your title needs.
</p>
<p>
However if you’re
<a href="rectoverso.html#collate">collating</a>
a bunch of documents together, say, to print out a report containing
many articles with different titles, or a book of short stories with
different authors, you need DOCTITLE.
</p>
<p>
DOCTITLE tells mom the title of the complete document (as opposed to
the title of each article or entitled section).
</p>
<p>
The doctitle string can be caps or caps/lower-case; it’s up to
you. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
by default, the doctitle appears in the rightmost position of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>,
all in caps unless you turn that feature off (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#_caps">HEADER_<POSITION>_CAPS</a>).
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
the doctitle always gets converted to caps.
</p>
<p>
DOCTITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded
by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line document titles for use on
<a href="cover.html#cover">Covers</a>
and/or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">Doc covers</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If your
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
is CHAPTER, you don’t need DOCTITLE. TITLE takes care of
everything.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -SUBTITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="subtitle" class="macro-id">SUBTITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>SUBTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<subtitle>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The subtitle string can be caps or caps/lower-case. I recommend
caps/lower case.
</p>
<p>
SUBTITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded
by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line subtitles.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to SUBTITLE, the remaining string
arguments represent the subtitle that will appear on cover or
document cover pages (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to have
differing subtitles appear on the document cover, the cover
(“title”) page, and in the document header. An extreme
example would be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SUBTITLE "The Docheader Subtitle"
.SUBTITLE DOC_COVER "The Document Cover Subtitle"
.SUBTITLE COVER "The Cover Subtitle"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.SUBTITLE</kbd> establishes the
subtitle that appears in the docheader at the top of the first page
of a document. The second invocation establishes the subtitle that
appears on the document cover; the third establishes the subtitle
that appears on the cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing subtitles for doc cover and cover
pages, <kbd>.SUBTITLE</kbd>, without the optional first argument, is
sufficient, provided you give the word, <kbd>SUBTITLE</kbd>, as an
argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -AUTHOR- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="author" class="macro-id">AUTHOR</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>AUTHOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<author>" [ "<author2>" ["<author3>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="alias" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<i>Alias:</i> <b>EDITOR</b>
</p>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
Each author string can hold as many names as you like, e.g.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-bottom: -1em;">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
</span>
or
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow, Jane Doe" "John Hancock"
</span>
Mom prints each string that’s enclosed in double-quotes on a
separate line in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
however only the first string appears in
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
If you want mom to put something else in the author part of page
headers (say, just the last names of a document’s two
authors), redefine the appropriate part of the header (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-control">header/footer control</a>).
</p>
<p>
The strings can be caps or caps/lower-case. I recommend caps/lower
case.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to AUTHOR, the remaining string arguments represent the
author(s) that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible
to have differing authors on the document cover, the cover
(“title”) page, in the document first-page header and
subsequent page headers/footers. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow"
.EDITOR DOC_COVER "John Smith" "and" "Jane Doe" \" EDITOR is an alias for AUTHOR
.AUTHOR COVER "Joe Blow" "(assisted by Jane Doe)"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.AUTHOR</kbd> establishes the author
that appears in the docheader at the top of the first page of
a document and in subsequent page headers/footers. The second
invocation establishes the authors (editors, in this instance) that
appear on the document cover; the third establishes the author(s)
that appear(s) on the cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing authors for doc cover and cover
pages, <kbd>.AUTHOR</kbd>, without the optional first argument, is
sufficient, provided you give the word, <kbd>AUTHOR</kbd> as an
argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="chapter" class="macro-id">CHAPTER</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>CHAPTER</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><chapter number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
The chapter number can be in any form you like—a digit, a roman
numeral, a word. If you choose
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE CHAPTER</a>,
mom prints whatever argument you pass CHAPTER beside the word,
“Chapter”, as a single line
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>.
She also puts the same thing in the middle of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<p>
Please note that if your argument to CHAPTER runs to more than one
word, you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
<p>
If you’re not using DOCTYPE CHAPTER, the macro can
be used to identify any document as a chapter <i>for the purpose of
prepending a chapter number to numbered head elements</i>, provided
you pass it a
<a href="definitions.html#numericargument">numeric argument</a>.
See
<a href="docelement.html#prefix-chapter-number">PREFIX_CHAPTER_NUMBER</a>.
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER_STRING- -->
<h3 id="chapter-string" class="docs">Chapter string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom to use the
word for “chapter” in your own language by telling her
what it is with the CHAPTER_STRING macro, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.CHAPTER_STRING "Chapître"
</span>
</p>
<p>
You can also use CHAPTER_STRING if you want
“CHAPTER” (all caps) instead of “Chapter”
(caps/lowercase) in the doc- and page-headers.
</p>
<!-- -CHAPTER_TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="chapter-title" class="macro-id">CHAPTER_TITLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<chapter title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
If, either in addition to or instead of “Chapter
<n>” appearing at the top of chapters, you want your
chapter to have a title, use CHAPTER_TITLE, with your title enclosed
in double-quotes, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.CHAPTER_TITLE "The DMCA Nazis"
</span>
</p>
<p>
CHAPTER_TITLE accepts multiple arguments, each surrounded by
double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate line,
permitting you to create multi-line chapter titles in your
docheaders.
</p>
<p>
If you’ve used
<a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a>
to give the chapter a number, both “Chapter <n>”
and the chapter title will appear at the top of the chapter, like
this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
Chapter 1
The DMCA Nazis
</span>
In such a case, by default, only the chapter’s title will appear in
the
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>,
not “Chapter <n>”.
</p>
<p>
If you omit CHAPTER when setting up your reference macros, only the
title will appear, both at the top of page one and in subsequent
page headers.
</p>
<p>
The style of the chapter title can be altered by
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>,
e.g. CHAPTER_TITLE_FAMILY, CHAPTER_TITLE_FONT, etc. The default
family, font and point size are Times Roman, Bold Italic, 4 points
larger than
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
</p>
<!-- -DRAFT- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="draft" class="macro-id">DRAFT</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DRAFT</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><draft number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
DRAFT only gets used with
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>.
If the COPYSTYLE is FINAL (the default), mom ignores DRAFT. DRAFT
accepts both alphabetic and numeric arguments, hence it’s
possible to do either
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT 2
or
.DRAFT Two
</span>
</p>
<p>
Mom prints the argument to <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> (i.e. the draft number)
beside the word “Draft” in the middle part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">A small word of caution:</span>
If your argument to <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> is more than one word long,
you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
</div>
<p>
You may, if you wish, invoke <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> without an
argument, in which case, no draft number will be printed beside
“Draft” in headers or footers.
</p>
<!-- -DRAFT_STRING- -->
<h3 id="draft-string" class="docs">The draft string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom
to use the word for “draft” in your own language by
telling her what it is with the DRAFT_STRING macro,
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT_STRING "Jet"
</span>
</p>
<p>
Equally, DRAFT_STRING can be used to roll your own solution to
something other than the word “Draft.” For example, you
might want “Trial run alpha-three” to appear in the
headers of a draft version. You’d accomplish this by doing
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT alpha-three
.DRAFT_STRING "Trial run"
</span>
</p>
<p>
If you wanted only “Trial run” to appear, entering
<kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> without an argument as well as
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING "Trial run"</kbd> is how you’d do it.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If you define both a blank <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and a blank
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd>, mom skips the draft field in headers
entirely. If this is what you want, this is also the only way
to do it. Simply omitting invocations of <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and
<kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> will result in mom using her default, which
is to print “Draft <number>”.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -REVISION- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="revision" class="macro-id">REVISION</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>REVISION</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><revision number></kbd>
</div>
<p>
REVISION only gets used with
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>.
If the COPYSTYLE is FINAL (the default), mom ignores the REVISION
macro. REVISION accepts both alphabetic and numeric arguments, hence
it’s possible to do either
<br/>
<span class="pre" style="margin-bottom: -1em;">
.REVISION 2
</span>
or
<span class="pre" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
.REVISION Two
</span>
</p>
<p>
Mom prints the revision number beside the shortform
“Rev.” in the middle part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">A small word of caution:</span>
If your argument to <kbd>.REVISION</kbd> is more than one word long,
you must enclose the argument in double-quotes.
</p>
</div>
<p>
You may, if you wish, invoke <kbd>.REVISION</kbd> without an
argument, in which case, no revision number will be printed beside
"Rev." in headers or footers.
</p>
<!-- -REVISION_STRING- -->
<h3 id="revision-string" class="docs">The revision string</h3>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can ask mom
to use the word for “revision,” or a shortform
thereof, in your own language by telling her what it is with the
REVISION_STRING macro, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.REVISION_STRING "Rév."
</span>
</p>
<p>
Additionally, you may sometimes want to make use of mom’s
<a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE DRAFT</a>
but not actually require any draft information. For example,
you might like mom to indicate only the revision number of
your document. The way to do that is to define an empty
<kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and <kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> in addition to
<kbd>.REVISION</kbd>, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT
.DRAFT_STRING
.REVISION 2
</span>
</p>
<p>
Equally, if you want to roll your own solution to what revision
information appears in headers, you could do something like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DRAFT
.DRAFT_STRING
.REVISION "two-twenty-two"
.REVISION_STRING "Revision"
</span>
</p>
<p>
The above, naturally, has no draft information. If you want to roll
your own <kbd>.DRAFT</kbd> and/or <kbd>.DRAFT_STRING</kbd> as well,
simply supply arguments to either or both.
</p>
<!-- -COPYRIGHT- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="copyright" class="macro-id">COPYRIGHT</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COPYRIGHT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<copyright info>"</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Argument must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The argument passed to COPYRIGHT is only used on cover or doc cover
pages, and then only if the argument COPYRIGHT is passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
Do not include the copyright symbol in the argument passed to
COPYRIGHT; mom puts it in for you.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to COPYRIGHT, the string argument represents the copyright
information that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see
the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have differing copyright information on the document cover and on
the cover (“title”) page. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COPYRIGHT DOC_COVER "2010 John Smith and Jane Doe"
.COPYRIGHT COVER "2008 Joe Blow"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.COPYRIGHT</kbd> establishes the
copyright information that appears on the document cover; the second
establishes the copyright information that appears on the cover
(“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing copyright information for
doc cover and cover pages, <kbd>.COPYRIGHT</kbd>, without the
optional first argument, is sufficient, provided you give the word,
<kbd>COPYRIGHT</kbd>, as an argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -MISC- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="misc" class="macro-id">MISC</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>MISC</b> <kbd class="macro-args">[COVER | DOC_COVER] "<argument 1>" ["<argument 2>" "<argument 3>" ...]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• String arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The argument(s) passed to MISC are only used on cover or doc cover
pages, and then only if the argument <kbd>MISC</kbd> is passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
MISC can contain any information you like. Each argument appears on
a separate line at the bottom of the cover or doc cover page.
</p>
<p>
For example, if you’re submitting an essay where the prof has
requested that you include the course number, his name and the date,
you could do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.MISC "Music History 101" "Professor Hasbeen" "Dec. 24, 2010"
</span>
and the information would appear on the essay’s cover page.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to MISC, the string arguments represent the miscellaneous
information that will appear on cover or document cover pages (see
the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have differing miscellaneous information on the document cover and
on the cover (“title”) page. An example might be:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.MISC DOC_COVER "Music History 101" "Professor Hasbeen"
.MISC COVER "Spring Term Paper"
</span>
</p>
<p>
The first invocation of <kbd>.MISC</kbd> establishes the
miscellaneous information that appears on the document cover; the
second establishes the miscellaneous information that appears on the
cover (“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing miscellaneous information
for doc cover and cover pages, <kbd>.MISC</kbd>, without the
optional first argument, is sufficient, provided you give the word
“MISC” as an argument to the macro
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
</p>
<!-- -COVER_TITLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 class="macro-id">COVERTITLE & DOC_COVERTITLE</h3>
</div>
<div id="covertitle" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COVERTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<user defined cover page title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<div id="doc-covertitle" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_COVERTITLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">"<user defined document cover page title>" ["<2nd line>" ["<3rd line>" ... ] ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Arguments must be enclosed in double-quotes
</p>
<p>
The arguments passed to COVERTITLE or DOC_COVERTITLE are only
used on cover or doc cover pages, and then only if the argument
COVERTITLE is passed to
<a href="cover.html#cover">COVER</a>
or
<a href="cover.html#doc-cover">DOC_COVER</a>.
</p>
<p>
The only time you require a COVERTITLE or DOC_COVERTITLE is when
none of the required first arguments to COVER or DOC_COVER fits
your needs for the title you want to appear on cover (or doc cover)
pages.
</p>
<p>
COVERTITLE and DOC_COVERTITLE accept multiple arguments, each
surrounded by double-quotes. Each argument is printed on a separate
line, permitting you to create multi-line titles on your cover
and/or doc cover pages.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="docstyle-macros" class="macro-group">The docstyle macros</h2>
<p>
The docstyle macros tell mom what type of document you’re
writing, whether you want the output typeset or “typewritten,
double-spaced”, and whether you want a draft copy (with draft
and revision information in the headers) or a final copy.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-docstyle" class="macro-list">Docstyle macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em; list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="#doctype-underline">DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE</a> – how to control DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd> underlining</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a> – non-optional macro required for document processing
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em; list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="#typeset-defaults">Defaults for PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewrite-defaults">Defaults for PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em; list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="#typewrite-control">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -1.5em; list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="#typewriter-family">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewriter-size">Point size</a></li>
<li><a href="#typewriter-underlining">Underlining of italics</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -DOCTYPE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doctype" class="macro-id">DOCTYPE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCTYPE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">DEFAULT | CHAPTER | NAMED "<name>" | LETTER</kbd>
</div>
<p>
The arguments <kbd>DEFAULT,</kbd> <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> and
<kbd>NAMED</kbd> tell mom what to put in the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>.
<kbd>LETTER</kbd> tells her that you want to write a letter.
</p>
<p>
Mom’s default DOCTYPE is <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd>. If that’s
what you want, you don’t have to give a DOCTYPE command.
</p>
<p>
<kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> prints a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
containing the title, subtitle and author information given to the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>,
and page headers with the author and title. (See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default specs for headers</a>
for how mom outputs each part of the page header.)
</p>
<p>
<kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> prints “Chapter <n>” in place
of a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
(<n> is what you gave to the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macro</a>,
<kbd><a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a></kbd>).
If you give the chapter a title with
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER TITLE</a>,
mom prints “Chapter <n>” and the
title underneath. If you omit the
<a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a>
reference macro but supply a
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a>,
mom prints only the chapter title.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
For backward compatibility with pre-1.1.5 versions of mom, you can
also supply a chapter title by omitting the CHAPTER reference macro
and supplying a chapter title with
<a href="#chapter-string">CHAPTER_STRING</a>.)
</p>
</div>
<p>
The page headers in DOCTYPE <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> contain the author,
the title of the book (which you gave with
<a href="#title">TITLE</a>),
and “Chapter <n>” (or the chapter title). See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default Specs for Headers</a>
for mom’s default type parameters for each part of
the page header.
</p>
<p>
<kbd>NAMED</kbd> takes an additional argument: a name for this
particular kind of document (e.g. outline, synopsis, abstract,
memorandum), enclosed in double-quotes. <kbd>NAMED</kbd> is
identical to <kbd>DEFAULT</kbd> except that mom prints the argument
to <kbd>NAMED</kbd> beneath the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
as well as in page headers.
(See
<a href="headfootpage.html#header-style">Default specs for headers</a>
for how mom outputs each part of the page header.)
</p>
<p>
Additionally, if you wish the name of this particular kind of
document to be coloured, you can pass DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd> a
third (optional) argument: the name of a colour pre-defined (or
“initialized”) with
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>.
For example, if you have a doctype named “Warning”,
and you’d like “Warning” to be in red, assuming you’ve
pre-defined (or “initialized”) the color, red, this is
what the DOCTYPE entry would look like:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DOCTYPE NAMED "Warning" red
</span>
</p>
<div class="box-tip" style="margin-top: 1.5em;">
<h3 id="doctype-underline" class="docs control">How to control DOCTYPE NAMED underlining</h3>
<p style="tip">
By default, the string passed to DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd> is
underlined in the docheader, and on document-cover pages and cover
(“title”) pages. (See the
<a href="cover.html#intro">Introduction to covers</a>
for the difference between “doc cover” and
“cover” pages.)
</p>
<p>
Formerly, this underlining was carved in stone. As of version 1.5
of mom, you can use the macro DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE to set the weight of
the underline and its distance from where the doctype-name appears
in the docheader (doc covers and covers handle underlining of the
doctype-name differently; see
<a href="cover.html#cover-underline">COVER_UNDERLINE</a>),
or simply toggle doctype underlining on or off. Mom’s default
is to underline the doctype-name.
</p>
<p>
The order of arguments is <kbd>weight</kbd>, optionally followed by
<kbd>gap</kbd>, where “gap” is the distance from the
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
of the doctype-name to the underline.
</p>
<p>
The <kbd>weight</kbd> argument is given in points, or fractions
thereof, and must not have the
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>,
<kbd>p</kbd>, appended. Like
<a href="inlines.html#rule-weight">RULE_WEIGHT</a>,
weights must be greater than 0 and less than 100. Mom’s
default for DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd> underlining is 1/2 point.
</p>
<p>
The <kbd>gap</kbd> argument can be given using any unit of measure,
and must have the unit of measure appended to the argument.
The distance of the gap is measured from the baseline of the
DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd> name to the upper edge of the underline.
Mom’s default gap for named-doctype underlining is 2 points.
</p>
<p>
As an example, supposed you want the doctype-name underlined in the
docheader with a 2-point rule separated from the head by 3 points.
The way to accomplish it is:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE 2 3p
</span>
If you wanted the same thing, but were content with mom’s
default gap of 2 points,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE 4
</span>
would do the trick.
</p>
<p>
If you merely want to toggle the underlining of
the doctype-name in docheaders on or off, invoke
<kbd>.DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE</kbd> by itself to turn the underlining on,
or <kbd>.DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE OFF</kbd> (or NO, X, etc.)
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
Please note that if you supply a weight to DOCTYPE_UNDERLINE, and
optionally a gap, you also turn the underlining of the doctype-name
in docheaders on; if this is not what you want, you must turn the
underlining off manually afterwards.
</p>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>LETTER</kbd> tells mom you’re writing a letter. See the
section
<a href="letters.html#letters">Writing Letters</a>
for instructions on using mom to format letters.
</p>
<!-- -PRINTSTYLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="printstyle" class="macro-id">PRINTSTYLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>PRINTSTYLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">TYPESET | TYPEWRITE [ SINGLESPACE ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Required for document processing
<br/>
Must come before any changes to default document style
</p>
<p>
PRINTSTYLE tells mom whether to typeset a document, or to print it
out “typewritten, doubled-spaced”.
</p>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip-top">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
<b>This macro may not be omitted.</b> In order for document
processing to take place, mom requires a PRINTSTYLE. If you
don’t give one, mom will warn you on stderr and print a single
page with a nasty message.
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
Furthermore, PRINTSTYLE must come before any changes to mom’s
default typestyle parameters. (This applies primarily to, but is by
no means restricted to, PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd>.) PRINTSTYLE
sets up complete templates that include default papersize, margins,
family, fonts, point sizes, and so on. Therefore, changes to any
aspect of document style must come afterwards.
</p>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>TYPESET</kbd>, as the argument implies, typesets
documents (by default in Times Roman; see
<a href="#typeset-defaults">TYPESET defaults</a>).
You have full access to all the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
as well as the
<a href="definitions.html#style-control">style control macros</a>
of document processing.
</p>
<p>
As mentioned above, PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd> must come before
any changes to mom’s default typographic settings. For
example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.PAPER A4
.LS 14
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
</span>
will not changes mom’s default paper size to A4,
nor her default document leading 14 points, whereas
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
.PAPER A4
.LS 14
</span>
will.
</p>
<p>
With <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>, mom does her best to reproduce the look
and feel of typewritten, double-spaced copy (see
<a href="#typewrite-defaults">TYPEWRITE defaults</a>).
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">Control macros</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#intro-macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
that alter family, font, point size, and
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
are (mostly) ignored. An important exception is
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>
(and, by extension, FOOTER_SIZE), which allows you to reduce the
point size of headers/footers should they become too crowded. Most
of mom’s inlines affecting the appearance of type are also
ignored
(<kbd><a href="inlines.html#inline-size-mom">\*S[<size>]</a></kbd>
is an exception; there may be a few others).
</p>
<p>
In short, <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> never produces effects
other than those available on a typewriter. Don’t be fooled
by how brainless this sounds; mom is remarkably sophisticated when
it comes to conveying the typographic sense of a document within the
confines of <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>.
</p>
<p>
The primary uses of <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> are: outputting hard
copy drafts of your work (for editing) and producing documents
for submission to publishers and agents who (wisely) insist on
typewritten, double-spaced copy. To get a nicely typeset version of
work that’s in the submission phase of its life (say, to show
fellow writers for critiquing), simply change <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>
to <kbd>TYPESET</kbd> and print out a copy.
</p>
<p>
If, for some reason, you would prefer the output of
<kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> single-spaced, pass PRINTSTYLE
<kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> the optional argument, <kbd>SINGLESPACE</kbd>.
</p>
<div class="defaults-container">
<h3 id="typeset-defaults" class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET defaults</h3>
<span class="pre defaults">
Family = Times Roman
Point size = 12.5
Paragraph leading = 16 points, adjusted
Fill mode = justified
Hyphenation = enabled
max. lines = 2
margin = 36 points
interword adjustment = 1 point
Kerning = enabled
Ligatures = enabled
Smartquotes = enabled
Word space = groff default
Sentence space = 0
</span>
</div>
<div class="defaults-container">
<h3 id="typewrite-defaults" class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE defaults</h3>
<span class="pre defaults">
Family = Courier
Italics = underlined
Point size = 12
Paragraph leading = 24 points, adjusted; 12 points for SINGLESPACE
Fill mode = left
Hyphenation = disabled
Kerning = disabled
Ligatures = disabled
Smartquotes = disabled
Word space = groff default
Sentence space = groff default
Columns = ignored
</span>
</div>
<div class="box-tip" style="margin-top: 1.5em;">
<h3 id="typewrite-control" class="docs control">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros</h3>
<h4 id="typewriter-family" class="docs">Family</h4>
<p style="margin-top: .5em;">
If you’d prefer a monospace
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>
for PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> other than than mom's default,
Courier, you can change it with
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_FAMILY <family></kbd> (or
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_FAM</kbd>). Since groff ships with only the
Courier family, you will have to install any other monospace family
yourself. See
<a href="appendices.html#fonts">Adding PostScript fonts to
groff</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="typewriter-size" class="docs">Point size</h4>
<p style="margin-top: .5em;">
If you’d like a smaller or larger point size for
for PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> (mom’s default is 12-point),
you can change it with
<kbd>.TYPEWRITER_SIZE <size></kbd>. There’s no need to
add a
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
to the <kbd><size></kbd> argument; points is assumed. Be
aware, however, that regardless of point size, mom’s
leading/linespacing for <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd> is fixed at 24-point
for double-spaced, and 12-point for single-spaced.
</p>
<h4 id="typewriter-underlining" class="docs">Underlining of italics</h4>
<p>
In PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>, mom, by default, underlines
anything that looks like italics. This includes the
<a href="typesetting.html#slant-inline"><kbd>\*[SLANT]</kbd></a>
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>
for pseudo-italics.
</p>
<p id="printstyle-italics">
If you’d prefer that mom were less bloody-minded
about pretending to be a typewriter (i.e. you’d like italics and
pseudo-italics to come out as italics), use the control macros
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ITALIC_MEANS_ITALIC
</span>
and
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SLANT_MEANS_SLANT
</span>
Neither requires an argument.
</p>
<p>
Although it’s unlikely, should you wish to reverse
the sense of these macros in the midst of a document,
<kbd>.UNDERLINE_ITALIC</kbd> and <kbd>.UNDERLINE_SLANT</kbd> restore
underlining of italics and pseudo-italics.
</p>
<p>
Additionally, by default, mom underlines
<a href="definitions.html#quotes">quotes</a>
(but not
<a href="definitions.html#blockquotes">blockquotes</a>)
in PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. If you don’t like this
behaviour, turn it off with
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.UNDERLINE_QUOTES OFF
</span>
</p>
<p>
To turn underlining of quotes back on, use UNDERLINE_QUOTES without
an argument.
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
While most of the
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>
have no effect on <b>PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</b>, there
is an important exception:
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>
(and by extension, FOOTER_SIZE). This is
particularly useful for reducing the point size of
headers/footers should they become crowded (quite likely to
happen if the title of your document is long and your
<kbd><a href="#copystyle">COPYSTYLE</a></kbd>
is DRAFT).
</p>
</div>
<!-- -COPYSTYLE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="copystyle" class="macro-id">COPYSTYLE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COPYSTYLE</b> <kbd class="macro-args">DRAFT | FINAL</kbd>
</div>
<p>
Mom’s default COPYSTYLE is <kbd>FINAL</kbd>, so you
don’t have to use this macro unless you want to.
</p>
<p>
COPYSTYLE <kbd>DRAFT</kbd> exhibits the following behaviour:
</p>
<ol style="margin-top: -.5em;">
<li>Documents start on page 1, whether or not you
request a different starting page number with
<a href="headfootpage.html#pagenumber">PAGENUMBER</a>.
</li>
<li>Page numbers are set in lower case roman numerals.</li>
<li>The draft number supplied by
<a href="#draft">DRAFT</a>
and a revision number, if supplied with
<a href="#revision">REVISION</a>
(see
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>),
appear in the centre part of
<a href="definitions.html#header">page headers</a>
(or footers, depending on which you’ve selected) along with
any other information that normally appears there.
</li>
</ol>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
If you define your own centre part for page headers with
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-center">HEADER_CENTER</a>,
no draft and/or revision number will appear there. If you want
draft and revision information in this circumstance, use
<a href="headfootpage.html#draft-with-pagenumber">DRAFT_WITH_PAGENUMBER</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
COPYSTYLE <kbd>FINAL</kbd> differs from <kbd>DRAFT</kbd> in that:
</p>
<ol style="margin-top: -.5em;">
<li>It respects the starting page number you give the document.</li>
<li>Page numbers are set in normal (Arabic) digits.</li>
<li>No draft or revision number appears in the page headers.</li>
</ol>
<div class="box-tip">
<p id="copystyle-note" class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
The centre part of page headers can get crowded, especially with
<a href="docprocessing.html#doctype">DOCTYPE <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd></a>
and
<a href="docprocessing.html#doctype">DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd></a>,
when the COPYSTYLE is <kbd>DRAFT</kbd>. Three mechanisms are
available to overcome this problem. One is to reduce the overall
size of headers (with
<a href="headfootpage.html#hdrftr-global-size">HEADER_SIZE</a>).
Another, which only works with
<a href="docprocessing.html#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd></a>,
is to reduce the size of the header’s centre part only (with
<a href="headfootpage.html#_size">HEADER_CENTER_SIZE</a>).
And finally, you can elect to have the draft/revision information
attached to page numbers instead of having it appear in the centre
of page headers (see
<a href="headfootpage.html#draft-with-pagenumber">DRAFT_WITH_PAGENUMBER</a>).
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="start-macro" class="macro-group">Initiate document processing</h2>
<p>
In order to use mom’s document element macros (tags), you have
to tell her you want them. The macro to do this is
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
START collects the information you gave mom in the setup section at
the top of your file (see
<a href="#docprocessing-tut">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</a>),
merges it with her defaults, sets up headers and page numbering,
and prepares mom to process your document using the document
element tags. No document processing takes place until you invoke
<kbd>.START</kbd>.
</p>
<!-- -START- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="start" class="macro-id">START</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>START</b>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Required for document processing
</p>
<p>
START takes no arguments. It simply instructs mom to begin document
processing. If you don’t want document processing (i.e. you
only want the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>),
don’t use START.
</p>
<p>
At a barest minimum before START, you must enter a
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
command.
</p>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<h2 id="style-before-start" class="macro-group">Establishing type and formatting parameters before START</h2>
<p>
In the third (optional) part of setting up a document (see
<a href="#docprocessing-tut">Tutorial – Setting up a mom document</a>),
you can use the
<a href="typesetting.html">typesetting macros</a>
to change mom’s document-wide defaults for margins,
line length, family, base point size,
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
and justification style.
</p>
<p>
Two additional style concerns have to be addressed here (i.e. in
macros before
<a href="#start">START</a>):
changes to the
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>,
and whether you want you want the document’s nominal leading
adjusted to fill pages fully to the bottom margin.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container" style="margin-top: 2em;">
<h3 id="index-style-before-start" class="macro-list">Type & formatting parameters before START</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#type-before-start">Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="line-height: 120%; margin-bottom: .25em;">
<li><a href="#meanings">List of meanings</a></li>
<li><a href="#lrc-note">Special note on LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER</a></li>
<li><a href="#include">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</a></li>
<li><a href="#color">Initializing colors</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a> – adjust linespacing to fill pages and align bottom margins</li>
<li><a href="#docheader">DOCHEADER</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="line-height: 120%;">
<li><a href="#docheader-control">Docheader control</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#columns">COLUMNS</a>
<ul class="sublist" style="line-height: 120%;">
<li><a href="#col-next">COL_NEXT</a></li>
<li><a href="#col-break">COL_BREAK</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="type-before-start" class="docs">Behaviour of the typesetting macros before START</h3>
<p>
From time to time (or maybe frequently), you’ll want the
overall look of a document to differ from mom’s defaults.
Perhaps you’d like her to use a different
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>,
or a different overall
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
or have different left and/or right page margins.
</p>
<p>
To accomplish such alterations, use the appropriate
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
(listed below) after
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
More than one user has, quite understandably, not fully grasped the
significance of the preceding sentence. The part they’ve missed is
<i>after</i> PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
<p>
Changes to any aspect of the default look and/or formatting of a mom
document must come after PRINTSTYLE. For example, it might seem
natural to set up page margins at the very top of a document with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.L_MARGIN 1i
.R_MARGIN 1.5i
</span>
However, when you invoke <kbd>.PRINTSTYLE</kbd>, those margins
will be overridden. The correct place to set margins—and
all other changes to the look of a document—is <i>after</i>
PRINTSTYLE.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Don’t use the macros listed in
<a href="#doc-param-macros">Changing document-wide typesetting parameters after START</a>
prior to START; they are exclusively for use
afterwards.
</p>
</div>
<div id="meanings" class="defaults-container">
<h3 class="docs defaults" style="margin-top: 0;">Meanings</h3>
<p style="margin-left: 9px; margin-top: -.25em;">
When used before START, the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>,
below have the following meanings:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
L_MARGIN Left margin of pages, including headers/footers
R_MARGIN Right margin of pages, including headers/footers
T_MARGIN The point at which running text (i.e. not
headers/footers or page numbers) starts on each
page
B_MARGIN* The point at which running text (i.e. not
(see note) headers/footers or page numbers) ends on each page
PAGE If you use PAGE, its final four arguments have the
same meaning as L_ R_ T_ and B_MARGIN (above).
LL The line length for everything on the page;
equivalent to setting the right margin with
R_MARGIN
FAMILY The family of all type in the document
PT_SIZE The point size of type in paragraphs; mom uses
this to calculate automatic point size changes
(e.g. for heads, footnotes, quotes, headers, etc)
LS/AUTOLEAD** The leading used in paragraphs; all leading and
spacing of running text is calculated from this
QUAD/JUSTIFY Affects paragraphs only
LEFT*** No effect
RIGHT*** No effect
CENTER*** No effect
------
*See <a href="headfootpage.html#footer-margin">FOOTER MARGIN AND BOTTOM MARGIN</a> for an important warning
**See <kbd><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></kbd>
***See <a href="#lrc-note">Special note</a>
</span>
</p>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: -.75em;">
Other macros that deal with type style, or refinements thereof
(<b>KERN, LIGATURES, HY, WS, SS,</b> etc.), behave normally.
It is not recommended that you set up tabs or indents prior to
START.
</p>
<p>
If you want to change any of the basic parameters (above)
<i>after</i> START and have them affect a document globally (as if
you’d entered them <i>before</i> START), you must use the macros
listed in
<a href="#doc-param-macros">Changing document-wide style parameters after START</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="lrc-note" class="docs">Special note on LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER prior to START</h4>
<p>
In a word, these three macros have no effect on document processing
when invoked prior to START.
</p>
<p>
All mom’s document element tags (PP, HEAD, BLOCKQUOTE,
FOOTNOTE, etc.) except
<a href="docelement.html#quote">QUOTE</a>
set a
<a href="definitions.html#filled">fill mode</a>
as soon as they’re invoked. If you wish to turn fill mode off
for the duration of any tag (with
<a href="typesetting.html#lrc">LEFT, RIGHT or CENTER</a>)
you must do so immediately after invoking the tag. Furthermore,
the change affects <i>only</i> the current invocation of the tag.
Subsequent invocations of the same tag for which you want the same
change require that you invoke <kbd>.LEFT</kbd>, <kbd>.RIGHT</kbd>
or <kbd>.CENTER</kbd> immediately after every invocation of the tag.
</p>
<!-- -INCLUDE- -->
<h4 id="include" class="docs">Including (sourcing) style sheets and files</h4>
<p>
If you routinely make the same changes to mom’s defaults in
order to create similar documents in a similar style—in other
words, you need a template— you can create style-sheet files
and include, or "source", them into your mom documents with the
macro, INCLUDE. The right place for such style sheets is after
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p>
Say, for example, in a particular kind of document, you always
want main heads set in Helvetica Bold Italic, flush left,
with no underscore. You’d create a file, let’s call it
<kbd>head-template</kbd>, in which you’d place the pertinent HEAD
control macros.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.HEAD_FAMILY H
.HEAD_FONT BI
.HEAD_QUAD L
.HEAD_UNDERLINE OFF
</span>
Then, in the preliminary document set-up section of your main file,
you’d include the style sheet, or template, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "Sample Document
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
\#
.INCLUDE head-template
\#
.START
</span>
The blank comment lines ( <kbd>\#</kbd> ) aren’t required, but
they do make your file(s) easier to read.
</p>
<p>
If the file to be included is in the same directory as the file
you’re working, you simply enter the filename after
<kbd>.INCLUDE</kbd>. If the file’s in another directory, you must
provide a full path name to it. For example, if you’re working in
a directory called <kbd>/home/joe/stories</kbd> and your
style-sheet is in <kbd>/home/joe/style-sheets</kbd>, the above
example would have to look like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.TITLE "Sample Document
.AUTHOR "Joe Blow
.PRINTSTYLE TYPESET
\#
.INCLUDE /home/joe/style-sheets/head-template
\#
.START
</span>
</p>
<p>
INCLUDE is not restricted to style sheets or templates. You can
include any file at any point into a document, provided the file
contains only text and valid groff or mom formatting commands.
Neither is INCLUDE restricted to use with mom’s document
processing macros. You can use it in plain typeset documents as
well.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="experts">Experts:</span>
INCLUDE is an alias for the groff request, <kbd>.so</kbd>. Mix 'n'
match with impunity.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -COLOUR- -->
<h4 id="color" class="docs">Initializing colours</h4>
<p>
Although it doesn’t really matter where you define/initialize
colours for use in document processing (see
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
and
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>
in the section
<a href="color.html#color-intro">Coloured text</a>),
I recommend doing so before you begin document processing with
<kbd><a href="#start">START</a></kbd>.
</p>
<p>
The macro,
<a href="color.html#color">COLOR</a>,
and the
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>,
<a href="color.html#color-inline"><kbd>\[<colorname>]</kbd></a>,
can be used at any time during document processing for occasional
colour effects. However, consistent and reliable colourizing of
various document elements (the docheader, heads, linebreaks,
footnotes, pagenumbers, and so on) must be managed through the use
of the
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">document element control macros</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If you plan to have mom generate a
<a href="docelement.html#toc">table of contents</a>,
do not embed colour
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escapes</a>
(<a href="color.html#color-inline"><kbd>\[<colorname>]</kbd></a>)
in the
<a href="definitions.html#stringargument">string arguments</a>
given to any of the
<a href="docprocessing.html#reference-macros">reference macros</a>,
nor in the string arguments given to
<a href="docelement.html#head">HEAD</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#subhead">SUBHEAD</a>
or
<a href="docelement.html#parahead">PARAHEAD</a>.
Use, rather, the
<a href="definitions.html#controlmacro">control macros</a>
mom provides to automatically colourize these
elements.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOC LEAD ADJUST- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-lead-adjust" class="macro-id">Adjust linespacing to fill pages and align bottom margins</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</b> <kbd class="macro-args">toggle</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Must come after
<a href="typesetting.html#ls"><span class="normal">LS</span></a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html.#autoloead"><span class="normal">AUTOLEAD</span></a>
and before
<a href="#start"><span class="normal">START</span></a>
</p>
<p>
DOC_LEAD_ADJUST is a special macro to adjust document
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
so that bottom margins fall precisely where you expect.
</p>
<p>
When you invoke <kbd>.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</kbd>, mom takes the number
of lines that fit on the page at your requested leading, then
incrementally adds
<a href="definitions.html#units">machine units</a>
to the leading until the maximum number of lines at the new leading
that fit on the page coincides perfectly with the bottom margin of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
</p>
<p>
In most instances, the difference between the requested lead and
the adjusted lead is unnoticeable, and since in almost all cases
adjusted leading is what you want, it’s mom’s default
and you don't have to invoke it explicitly.
</p>
<p>
However, should you not want adjusted document leading, you must
turn it off manually, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre">
.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF
</span>
</p>
<p>
If you set the document leading prior to START with
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>,
DOC_LEAD_ADJUST <kbd>OFF</kbd> must come afterwards, like
this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.LS 12
.DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF
</span>
In this scenario, the maximum number of lines that fit on a page at
a
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
of 12
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">points</a>
determine where mom ends a page. The effect will be that last lines
usually fall (slightly) short of the “official” bottom
margin.
</p>
<p>
In
<a href="docprocessing.html#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a> <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>,
the leading is always adjusted and can’t be turned off.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip-top">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
DOC_LEAD_ADJUST, if used, must be invoked after
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#autolead">AUTOLEAD</a>
and before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<p class="tip-bottom">
<span class="additional-note">Additional note:</span>
Even if you disable DOC_LEAD_ADJUST, mom will still adjust the
leading of endnotes pages and toc pages. See
<a href="docelement.html#endnote-lead">ENDNOTE_LEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#toc-lead">TOC_LEAD</a>
for an explanation of how to disable this default behaviour.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOCHEADER- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="docheader" class="macro-id">Managing the docheader</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOCHEADER</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><toggle> [ distance to advance from top of page ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Must come before
<a href="#start"><span class="normal">START</span></a>; <kbd><span class="normal">distance</span></kbd> requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<p>
By default, mom prints a
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a>
on the first page of any document (see
<a href="#docheader-desc">below</a>
for a description of the docheader). If you don’t want a docheader,
turn it off with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER OFF
</span>
DOCHEADER is a toggle macro, so the argument doesn’t
have to be OFF; it can be anything you like.
</p>
<p>
If you turn the docheader off, mom, by default, starts
the running text of your document on the same top
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
as all subsequent pages. If you’d like her to start at a different
vertical position, give her the distance you’d like as a second
argument.
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER OFF 1.5i
</span>
This starts the document 1.5 inches from the top of the page PLUS
whatever spacing adjustment mom has to make in order to ensure that
the first baseline of running text falls on a “valid”
baseline (i.e. one that ensures that the bottom margin of the first
page falls where it should). The distance is measured from the top
edge of the paper to the
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
of the first line of type.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="tip">Tip:</span>
Since no document processing happens until you invoke
<a href="#start"><kbd>.START</kbd></a>—including
anything to do with docheaders—you can
typeset your own docheader prior to START (if
you don’t like the way mom does things) and use
<kbd>.DOCHEADER OFF</kbd> with its optional distance
argument to ensure that the body of your document starts where
you want. You can even insert a PostScript image file (see <a
href="docelement.html#pspic">PSPIC)</a>.
</p>
</div>
<!-- DOCHEADER CONTROL -->
<h3 id="docheader-control" class="docs">Docheader control: How to change the look of docheaders</h3>
<p>
In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd></a>,
the look of docheaders is carved in stone. In
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE <kbd>TYPESET</kbd></a>,
however, you can make a lot of changes. Macros that alter
docheaders must come before
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="docheader-desc" class="docs">Docheader description</h4>
<p>
A typeset docheader has the following characteristics:
</p>
<div class="box-code" style="margin-left: 24px;">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
TITLE bold, 3.5 points larger than running text (not necessarily caps)
Subtitle medium, same size as running text
by medium italic, same size as running text
Author(s) medium italic, same size as running text
(Document type) bold italic, underscored, 3 points larger than running text
</span>
</div>
<p>
Or, if the
<a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a>
is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd>,
</p>
<div class="box-code" style="margin-left: 24px;">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
Chapter <n> bold, 4 points larger than running text
Chapter Title bold italic, 4 points larger than running text
</span>
</div>
<p>
The
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>
is the prevailing family of the whole document. Title, subtitle,
author and document type are what you supply with the
<a href="#reference-macros">reference macros</a>.
Any you leave out will not appear; mom will compensate:
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If your DOCTYPE is <kbd>CHAPTER</kbd> and you have both “Chapter
<n>” and a “Chapter Title” (as above), mom
inserts a small amount of whitespace between them, equal to
one-quarter of the <a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a> in
effect. If this doesn’t suit you, you can alter the space by
including the
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escapes</a>,
<a href="inlines.html#up"><kbd>\*[UP]</kbd></a>
or
<a href="inlines.html#down"><kbd>\*[DOWN]</kbd></a>,
in the argument you pass to
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a>,
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-bottom: -1em;">
.CHAPTER_TITLE "\*[DOWN 2p]Why Not Patent Calculus?"
</span>
or
<span class="pre-in-pp" style="margin-top: -.5em;">
.CHAPTER_TITLE "\*[UP 2p]Why Not Patent Calculus?"
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-docheader-control" class="macro-list">Docheader control</h3>
<ol class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#change-start">Change the starting position of the docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-quad">Change quad direction the entire docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-family">Change the family of the entire docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#change-family">Change the family of individual docheader elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#change-font">Change the font of individual docheader elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#change-size">Adjust the size of docheader elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#adjust-leading">Adjust the docheader leading</a></li>
<li><a href="#docheader-color">Change the colour of the entire docheader</a></li>
<li><a href="#change-color">Change the colour of the individual docheader elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#change-attribute">Change the attribution string (“by”)</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h4 id="change-start" class="docs">1. Change the starting position of the docheader</h4>
<p>
By default, a docheader starts on the same
<a href="definitions.html#baseline">baseline</a>
as
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
If you’d like it to start somewhere else, use the macro,
DOCHEADER_ADVANCE, and give it the distance you want (measured from
the top edge of the paper to the first baseline of the docheader),
like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_ADVANCE 4P
</span>
A
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is required.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
If
<a href="headfootpage.html#headers">HEADERS</a>
are <kbd>OFF</kbd>, mom’s normal top margin for
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
(7.5
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">picas</a>)
changes to 6 picas (visually approx. 1 inch). Since the first
baseline of the docheader falls on the same baseline as the first
line of running text (on pages after page 1), you might find the
docheaders a bit high when headers are off. Use DOCHEADER_ADVANCE
to place them where you want.
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="docheader-quad" class="docs">2. Change the quad direction of the docheader</h4>
<p>
By default, mom centers the docheader. If you’d prefer to
have your docheaders set flush left or right, or need to restore
the default centering, invoke <kbd>.DOCHEADER_QUAD</kbd> with the
quad direction you want, either <kbd>LEFT</kbd> (or <kbd>L</kbd>),
<kbd>RIGHT</kbd> (or <kbd>R</kbd>) or <kbd>CENTER</kbd> (or
<kbd>C</kbd>).
</p>
<h4 id="docheader-family" class="docs">3. Change the family of the entire docheader</h4>
<p>
By default, mom sets the docheader in the same
family used for
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>.
If you’d prefer to have your docheaders set in a different
family, invoke <kbd>.DOCHEADER_FAMILY</kbd> with the family you
want. The argument to DOCHEADER_FAMILY is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>.
</p>
<p>
For example, mom’s default family for running text is Times
Roman. If you’d like to keep that default, but have the
docheaders set entirely in Helvetica,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_FAMILY H
</span>
is how you’d do it.
</p>
<p>
Please note that if you use DOCHEADER_FAMILY, you can still alter
the family of individual parts of the docheader with the macros
listed
<a href="#change-family">here</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="change-family" class="docs">4. Change the family of individual docheader elements</h4>
<p>
The following macros let you change the
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>
of each docheader element separately:
</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: -.5em;">
<li>Macro: <b>TITLE_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>SUBTITLE_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>AUTHOR_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>DOCTYPE_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd>
(if <a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>NAMED</kbd>)
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Simply pass the appropriate macro the family you want, just as you
would with
<a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="change-font" class="docs">5. Change the font of individual docheader elements</h4>
<p>
The following macros let you change the
<a href="definitions.html#font">font</a>
of each docheader element separately:
</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: -.5em;">
<li>Macro: <b>TITLE_FONT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">R | B | I | BI</kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE_FONT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">R | B | I | BI</kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>SUBTITLE_FONT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">R | B | I | BI</kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>AUTHOR_FONT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">R | B | I | BI</kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>DOCTYPE_FONT</b> <kbd class="macro-args">R | B | I | BI</kbd>
(if <a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>NAMED</kbd>)
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Simply pass the appropriate macro the font you want. <kbd>R, B,
I</kbd> and <kbd>BI</kbd> have the same meaning as they do for
<a href="typesetting.html#font">FT</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="change-size" class="docs">6. Adjust the size of individual docheader elements</h4>
<p>
The following macros let you adjust the point size of each docheader
element separately.
</p>
<p>
Mom calculates the point size of docheader elements from the point
size of paragraphs in running text, so you must prepend a + or -
sign to the argument. Points is assumed as the
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>,
so there’s no need to append a unit to the argument.
Fractional point sizes are allowed.
</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: -.5em;">
<li>Macro: <b>TITLE_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><+/-points></kbd>
<br/>
default = +3.5 (+4 if docheader title is "Chapter <n>")
</li>
<li>Macro: <b>.CHAPTER_TITLE_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><+/-points></kbd>
<br/>
default = +4
</li>
<li>Macro: <b>.SUBTITLE_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><+/-points></kbd>
<br/>
default = +0
</li>
<li>Macro: <b>.AUTHOR_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><+/-points></kbd>
<br/>
default = +0
</li>
<li>Macro: <b>.DOCTYPE_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><+/-points></kbd>
(if <a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>NAMED</kbd>)
<br/>
default = +3
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Simply pass the appropriate macro the size adjustment you want.
</p>
<h4 id="adjust-leading" class="docs">7. Adjust the docheader leading</h4>
<p>
The
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
of docheaders is the same as running text. If you’d like your
docheaders to have a different leading, say, 2 points more than the
lead of running text, use:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_LEAD +2
</span>
Since the leading of docheaders is calculated from the lead of running
text, a + or - sign is required before the argument (how much to add
or subtract from the lead of running text). No
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
is required; points is assumed.
</p>
<h4 id="docheader-color" class="docs">8. Change the colour of the entire docheader</h4>
<p>
If you want to colourize the entire docheader:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOCHEADER_COLOR <kbd class="macro-args"><color name></kbd>
</span>
You must pre-define (or “initialize”) the colour with
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>.
</p>
<h4 id="change-color" class="docs">9. Change the colour of the docheader elements individually</h4>
<p>
The following macros let you change the colour of each
docheader element separately. You must pre-define (or
“initialize”) the colour with
<a href="color.html#newcolor">NEWCOLOR</a>
or
<a href="color.html#xcolor">XCOLOR</a>.
</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: -.5em;">
<li>Macro: <b>TITLE_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><colorname></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><colorname></kbd>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -.5em;">
<li>Note: <b>CHAPTER_TITLE_COLOR</b> is needed only if you supply both a
<a href="#chapter">CHAPTER</a>
reference macro and a
<a href="#chapter-title">CHAPTER_TITLE</a>
macro. Otherwise, TITLE_COLOR takes care of colorizing the
chapter header.
</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Macro: <b>SUBTITLE_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><colorname></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>ATTRIBUTE_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><colorname></kbd>
(the “by” string preceding author[s] name[s])
</li>
<li>Macro: <b>AUTHOR_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><colorname></kbd></li>
<li>Macro: <b>DOCTYPE_COLOR</b> <kbd class="macro-args"> <colorname></kbd>
(if <a href="#doctype">DOCTYPE</a> is <kbd>NAMED</kbd>)
</li>
</ul>
<p>
It is not recommended that you embed colour (with the
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escape</a>,
<a href="color.html#color-inline"><kbd>\*[<colorname>]</kbd></a>)
in the strings passed to TITLE, CHAPTER_TITLE, SUBTITLE, AUTHOR or
the name you give DOCTYPE <kbd>NAMED</kbd>. The strings passed to
these macros are used to generate page
<a href="definitions.html#header">headers</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#footer">footers</a>,
with the result that an embedded colour will cause the string to be
colourized in headers and/or footers as well. (If you want headers
or footers colourized, or parts thereof, use the header/footer
control macros.)
</p>
<h4 id="change-attribute" class="docs">10. Change the attribution string (“by”)</h4>
<p>
If you’re not writing in English, you can change what mom
prints where “by” appears in docheaders. For example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING "par"
</span>
changes “by” to “par”. ATTRIBUTE_STRING
can also be used, for example, to make the attribution read
"Edited by".
</p>
<p>
If you don’t want an attribution string at all, simply pass
ATTRIBUTE_STRING an empty argument, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING ""
</span>
Mom will deposit a blank line where the attribution string normally
appears.
</p>
<p>
If the optional argument, <kbd>COVER</kbd> or <kbd>DOC_COVER</kbd>,
is given to ATTRIBUTE_STRING, the string argument represents the
attribution string that will appear on cover or document cover pages
(see the
<a href="cover.html#cover-intro">Introduction to cover pages</a>
for a description of the difference between “document
covers” and “covers”). Thus, it is possible to
have different attribution strings on the document cover page, the
cover (“title”) page, and in the first-page docheader.
An extreme example would be:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING ""
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING DOC_COVER "Edited by"
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING COVER "by"
</span>
The first invocation of <kbd>.ATTRIBUTE_STRING</kbd> establishes a
blank attribution string that will be incorporated in the first-page
docheader. The second will print “Edited by” on the
document cover; the third will print “by” on the cover
(“title”) page.
</p>
<p>
If you don’t require differing attribute strings for
doc cover pages, cover pages, or the first-page docheader,
<kbd>.ATTRIBUTE_STRING</kbd>, without either of the optional first
arguments, is sufficient.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
The type specs for the attribution line in docheaders are the
same as for the author line. Although it’s highly unlikely
you’ll want the attribution line in a different family, font,
or point size, you can make such changes using
<a href="definitions.html#inlines">inline escapes</a>
in the argument to ATTRIBUTE_STRING. For example,
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.ATTRIBUTE_STRING "\f[HBI]\*[SIZE -2p] by \*[SIZE +2p]\*[PREV]"
</span>
would set “by” in Helvetica bold italic, 2 points
smaller than normal.
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- -COLUMNS- -->
<h2 id="columns-intro" class="docs">Setting documents in columns</h2>
<p>
Setting documents in columns is easy with mom. All you have to do
is is say how many columns you want and how much space you want
between them (the
<a href="definitions.html#gutter">gutters</a>).
That’s it. Mom takes care of everything else, from soup to
nuts.
</p>
<h3 class="docs">Some words of advice</h3>
<p>
If you want your type to achieve a pleasing
<a href="definitions.html#just">justification</a>
or
<a href="definitions.html#rag">rag</a>
in columns, reduce the point size of type (and probably the
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>
as well). Mom’s default document point size is 12.5, which
works well across her default 39
<a href="definitions.html#picaspoints">pica</a>
full page line length, but with even just two columns on a page, the
default point size is awkward to work with.
</p>
<p>
Furthermore, you’ll absolutely need to reduce the indents for
<a href="docelement.html#epigraph-control">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="docelement.html#quote-general">quotes</a>,
and
<a href="docelement.html#blockquote-general">blockquotes</a>
(and probably the
<a href="docelement.html#para-indent">paragraph first-line indent</a>
as well).
</p>
<!-- -COLUMN- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="columns" class="macro-id">COLUMNS</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COLUMNS</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><number of columns> <width of gutters></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Should be the last macro before START
<br/>
<i>The second argument requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a></i>
</p>
<p>
COLUMNS takes two arguments: the number of columns you want on
document pages, and the width of the
<a href="definitions.html#gutter">gutter</a>
between them. For example, to set up a page with two columns
separated by an 18 point gutter, you’d do
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.COLUMNS 2 18p
</span>
Nothing to it, really. However, as noted above, COLUMNS should
always be the last document setup macro prior to
<a href="#start">START</a>.
</p>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Mom ignores columns completely
when the
<a href="#printstyle">PRINTSTYLE</a>
is <kbd>TYPEWRITE</kbd>. The notion of typewriter-style
output in columns is just too ghastly for her to bear.
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="docs">Using tabs when COLUMNS are enabled</h3>
<p>
Mom’s tabs (both
<a href="typesetting.html#typesetting-tabs">typesetting tabs</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#string-tabs">string tabs</a>)
behave as you’d expect during document processing, even
when COLUMNS are enabled. Tab structures set up during document
processing carry over from page to page and column to column.
</p>
<!-- -BREAKING COLUMNS- -->
<h3 id="breaking-columns" class="docs">Breaking columns manually</h3>
<p>
Mom takes care of breaking columns when they reach the bottom
margin of a page. However, there may be times you want to break
the columns yourself. There are two macros for breaking columns
manually: COL_NEXT and COL_BREAK.
</p>
<div id="col-next" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COL_NEXT</b>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>.COL_NEXT</kbd> breaks the line just before it,
<a href="definitions.html#quad">quads</a>
it left (assuming the type is justified or quad left), and moves over
to the top of the next column. If the column happens to be the last
(rightmost) one on the page, mom starts a new page
at the "column 1" position. This is the macro to use when
you want to start a new column after the end of a paragraph.
</p>
<div id="col-break" class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>COL_BREAK</b>
</div>
<p>
<kbd>.COL_BREAK</kbd> is almost the same as <kbd>.COL_NEXT</kbd>,
except that instead of breaking and quadding the line preceding it,
mom breaks and spreads it (see
<a href="typesetting.html#spread">SPREAD</a>).
Use this macro whenever you need to start a new column in the middle
of a paragraph.
</p>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Warning:</span>
If you need COL_BREAK in the middle of a blockquote or (god help
you) an epigraph, you must do the following in order for COL_BREAK
to work:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.SPREAD
\!.COL_BREAK
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="rule-short"><hr/></div>
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
<!-- *** -->
<h2 id="style-after-start" class="macro-group">Changing basic type and formatting parameters after START</h2>
<ul id="changing-basic-type">
<li><a href="#behaviour">Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em;">
<li><a href="#behaviour-specific">Effect of specific typesetting macros</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#tb-margins">Top and bottom margins in document processing</a></li>
<li><a href="#space">Inserting space at the top of a new page</a>
<ul style="margin-left: -.5em;">
<li><a href="#add-space">ADD_SPACE</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<div class="rule-medium"><hr/></div>
<h3 id="behaviour" class="docs">Behaviour of the typesetting macros during document processing</h3>
<p>
During document processing, most of the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
affect type in the document globally. For example, if you turn
kerning off, pairwise kerning is disabled not only in paragraphs,
but also in headers, footers, quotes, and so on.
</p>
<p>
Typesetting macros that alter margins and line lengths affect
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
globally (or at least try to), but leave headers/footers and
footnotes alone. (To indent footnotes, see the full explanation of
the
<a href="docelement.html#footnote">FOOTNOTE</a>
macro.)
</p>
<p>
Mom’s tabs (both
<a href="typesetting.html#typesetting-tabs">typesetting tabs</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#string-tabs">string tabs</a>)
behave as expected in running text during document processing. Tab
structures that do not exceed the line length of running text are
preserved sensibly from page to page, and, if
<a href="docprocessing.html#columns">COLUMNS</a>
are enabled, from column to column.
</p>
<p>
Some typesetting macros, however, when used during document
processing, behave in special ways. These are the macros that deal
with the basic parameters of type style: horizontal and vertical
margins, line length,
<a href="definitions.html#family">family</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#font">font</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#ps">point size</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#leading">leading</a>,
and
<a href="definitions.html#quad">quad</a>.
</p>
<p>
Mom assumes that any changes to these parameters stem from a
temporary need to set type in a style different from that provided
by mom’s
<a href="docelement.html#index-docelement">document element tags</a>.
In other words, you need to do a bit of creative typesetting in the
middle of a document.
</p>
<p>
The following lists those typesetting macros whose behaviour during
document processing requires some explanation.
(Please refer to
<a href="#tb-margins">Top and bottom margins in document processing</a>
for information on how mom interprets
<a href="typesetting.html#t-margin">T_MARGIN</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#b-margin">B_MARGIN</a>
in document processing. Additionally, see
<a href="#add-space">ADD_SPACE</a>
if you encounter the problem of trying to get mom to put space at
the tops of pages after the first.)
</p>
<div id="behaviour-specific" class="box-code" style="margin-left: 24px;">
<span class="pre" style="color: #302419;">
MACRO EFFECT DURING DOCUMENT PROCESSING
----- ---------------------------------
L_MARGIN •The left margin of all running text
assumes the new value.
•The line length remains unaltered.
•The header and footer left margin
remain at the current document default.
(You won’t use this often by itself. Most
likely, you’ll use it in combination with
R_MARGIN or LL.)
R_MARGIN •The right margin of all running text
assumes the new value. In other words,
the line length is altered.
•The header and footer right margin
remain at the current document default.
LL •The line length of all running text
is set to the new value.
•The header and footer line length remain
at the current document default.
FAMILY •Changes family for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is invoked, the family reverts to
the current default for the new tag.
FT •Changes font for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the font reverts
to the current default for the new tag.
N.B. — \•[SLANT] and \•[BOLDER] affect
paragraph text, and remain in effect for all
paragraphs until turned off. If you want to
use them in a macro that takes a string
argument, include the escape in the string.
\•[COND] and \•[EXT] behave similarly.
PT_SIZE •Changes point size for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the point size reverts
to the current document default for the new
tag.
LS •Changes line space for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the line space reverts
to the current document default for the new
tag.
Using LS to temporarily change leading within
a document will almost certainly result in a
bottom margin that doesn’t align with
the bottom margin of subsequent pages. You’ll
need to use the SHIM macro to get mom back on
track when you’re ready to return to the
document’s default leading.
QUAD •Changes quad for the duration of the
current tag only. As soon as another document
element tag is entered, the quad reverts to
the current document default for the new
tag.
N.B. — Line-for-line quadding macros
(LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT) are also temporary,
overridden by the QUAD value of any subsequent
document element tag.
</span>
</div>
<h3 id="tb-margins" class="docs" style="margin-top: 1.5em;">Top and bottom margins in document processing</h3>
<p>
Normally, mom establishes the top and bottom
margins of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
in documents from the values of <b>HEADER_MARGIN +
HEADER_GAP</b> and <b>FOOTER_MARGIN + FOOTER_GAP</b>
respectively. However, if you invoke
<a href="typesetting.html#t-margin">T_MARGIN</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#b-margin">B_MARGIN</a>
either before or after
<a href="docelement.html#start">START</a>,
they set the top and bottom margins of running text irrespective of
HEADER_GAP and FOOTER_GAP.
</p>
<p>
Put another way, in document processing, T_MARGIN
and B_MARGIN set the top and bottom margins of
running text, but have no effect on the placement of
<a href="definitions.html#header">headers</a>,
<a href="definitions.html#footer">footers</a>,
or page numbers.
</p>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<h3 id="space" class="docs">Inserting space at the top of a new page</h3>
<p>
Occasionally, you may want to insert space before the start of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
on pages after the first.
</p>
<p>
You might have tried using
<a href="typesetting.html#ald">ALD</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#space">SPACE</a>
and found it did nothing. This is because mom normally inhibits
any extra space before the start of running text on pages after the
first.
</p>
<p>
If you need the space, you must use the macro, ADD_SPACE, in
conjuction with
<a href="typesetting.html#newpage">NEWPAGE</a>.
</p>
<!-- -ADD_SPACE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="add-space" class= "macro-id">ADD_SPACE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>ADD_SPACE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><amount of space></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<p>
ADD_SPACE takes as its single argument the distance
you want mom to advance from the normal
baseline position at the top of any page after the first
(i.e. the one on which the docheader is normally printed). A
<a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a> is
required.
</p>
<p>
For example, say you wanted to insert 2 inches of space before the
start of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
on a page other than the first. You’d accomplish it with
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.NEWPAGE
.ADD_SPACE 2i
</span>
which would terminate your current page, break to a new page, print
the header (assuming headers are on) and insert 2 inches of space
before the start of running text.
</p>
<p>
Since adding space in this way is almost sure to disrupt mom’s
ability to guarantee perfectly flush bottom margins, I highly
recommend using the
<a href="docprocessing.html#shim">SHIM</a>
macro immediately after ADD_SPACE.
</p>
<!-- *** -->
<h2 id="intro-doc-param" class="macro-group">Changing basic type and formatting parameters after START</h2>
<p>
In the normal course of things, you establish the basic type
parameters of a document prior to invoking
<a href="#start">START</a>,
using the
<a href="typesetting.html#macros-typesetting">typesetting macros</a>
(<b>L_MARGIN, FAMILY, PT_SIZE, LS,</b> etc). After
START, you <i>must</i> use the following macros to make
global changes to the basic type parameters of a document.
</p>
<div class="macro-list-container">
<h3 id="index-doc-param" class="macro-list">Post-START global style change macros</h3>
<ul class="macro-list">
<li><a href="#doc-left-margin">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-right-margin">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-line-length">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-family">DOC_FAMILY</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-pt-size">DOC_PT_SIZE</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead">DOC_LEAD</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a></li>
<li><a href="#doc-quad">DOC_QUAD</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- -DOC_LEFT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-left-margin" class="macro-id">DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEFT_MARGIN</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><left margin></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#l-margin">L_MARGIN</a>
</li>
<li>changes all left margins to the new value</li>
<li>the line length remains the same (i.e. the right margin
shifts when you change the left margin)
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-right-margin" class="macro-id">DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><right margin></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#r-margin">R_MARGIN</a>
</li>
<li>changes all right margins, including
<a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheaders</a>,
headers (or footers) and page numbering to the new value;
for changing the right margin of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
only, use
<a href="typesetting.html#r-margin">R_MARGIN</a>
(see
<a href="#behaviour">typesetting macros during
document processing</a>,
entry for R_MARGIN)
</li>
<li>all mom commands that include a right indent calculate
the indent from the new value
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-line-length" class="macro-id">DOC_LINE_LENGTH</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LINE_LENGTH</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><length></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Requires a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#linelength">LL</a>
</li>
<li>exactly equivalent to changing the right margin with
DOC_RIGHT_MARGIN (see
<a href="#doc-right-margin">above</a>);
for changing the line length of
<a href="definitions.html#running">running text</a>
only, use
<a href="typesetting.html#linelength">LL</a>
(see
<a href="#behaviour">typesetting macros during document processing</a>,
entry for LL)
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_FAMILY- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-family" class="macro-id">DOC_FAMILY</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_FAMILY</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><family></kbd>
</div>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros" style="margin-top: 1em;">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#family">FAMILY</a>
</li>
<li>globally changes the type family for
<ul>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;">the <a href="definitions.html#docheader">docheader</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;">all <a href="docelement.html#index-docelement">document element tags</a>, including footnotes</li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="definitions.html#header">headers and/or footers</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="docelement.html#number-lines-intro">line numbering</a></li>
<li style="margin-left: -.5em;"><a href="headfootpage.html#pagination">page numbering</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>does <i>not</i> change the family of
<ul>
<li><a href="cover.html#doc-cover">document cover pages</a></li>
<li><a href="cover.html#cover">cover pages</a></li>
<li><a href="docelement.html#endnote-intro">endnotes pages</a></li>
<li><a href="docelement.html#toc-intro">table of contents</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>any page elements (e.g. headers page numbers, footnotes) whose
families you wish to remain at their old values must be
reset with the appropriate
<a href="docelement.html#docelement-control">control macros</a>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_PT_SIZE- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-pt-size" class="macro-id">DOC_PT_SIZE</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_PT_SIZE</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><point size></kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Does not require a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>; points is assumed
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#ps">PT_SIZE</a>,
and refers to the point size of type in paragraphs
</li>
<li>all automatic point size changes (heads, quotes,
footnotes, headers, etc.) are affected by the new size;
anything you do not want affected must be reset to
its former value (see the Control Macros section of
the pertinent document element for instructions on
how to do this)
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -DOC_LEAD- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-lead" class="macro-id">DOC_LEAD</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_LEAD</b> <kbd class="macro-args"><points> [ ADJUST ]</kbd>
</div>
<p class="requires">
• Does not require a <a href="definitions.html#unitofmeasure">unit of measure</a>; points is assumed
</p>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the argument is the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#leading">LS</a>,
and refers to the
<a href="definitions.html#lead">leading</a>
of paragraphs
</li>
<li>because paragraphs will have a new leading, the leading and
spacing of most running text is influenced by the new value
</li>
<li>epigraphs and footnotes remain unaffected;
if you wish to change their leading, use
<a href="docelement.html#epigraph-autolead">EPIGRAPH_AUTOLEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#footnote-autolead">FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD</a>.
</li>
<li>the optional argument <kbd>ADJUST</kbd> performs
leading adjustment as explained in
<a href="#doc-lead-adjust">DOC_LEAD_ADJUST</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="box-important">
<p class="tip">
<span class="important">Important:</span>
Do not use DOC_LEAD in the middle of a page! It should always and
only be invoked immediately prior to a new page, like this:
<br/>
<span class="pre-in-pp">
.DOC_LEAD <new value>
.NEWPAGE
</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="box-tip">
<p class="tip">
<span class="note">Note:</span>
Even if you don’t pass DOC_LEAD the optional argument
<kbd>ADJUST</kbd>, mom will still adjust the leading of endnotes
pages and toc pages. See
<a href="docelement.html#endnote-lead">ENDNOTE_LEAD</a>
and
<a href="docelement.html#toc-lead">TOC_LEAD</a>
for an explanation of how to disable this default behaviour.
</p>
</div>
<!-- -DOC_QUAD- -->
<div class="macro-id-overline">
<h3 id="doc-quad" class="macro-id">DOC_QUAD</h3>
</div>
<div class="box-macro-args">
Macro: <b>DOC_QUAD</b> <kbd class="macro-args">L | R | C | J</kbd>
</div>
<h4 class="docs doc-param-macros" style="margin-top: 1em;">Arguments and behaviour</h4>
<ul class="doc-param-macros">
<li>the arguments are the same as for
<a href="typesetting.html#quad">QUAD</a>
</li>
<li>affects paragraphs, epigraphs and footnotes; does not
affect blockquotes
</li>
</ul>
<div class="rule-long"><hr/></div>
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