=pod =head1 PIR Operator Reference Z<CHP-13-SECT-3> X<PIR (Parrot intermediate representation);quick reference;instructions> This section is a quick reference to PIR instructions. For more details and the latest changes, see F<imcc/docs/syntax.pod> or dive into the source code in F<imcc/imcc.l> and F<imcc/imcc.y>. =head3 = X<= (equal sign);= (assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> Assign a value to a particular register, temporary register, or named variable. =head3 +, += X<+ (plus sign);+ (addition);instruction (PIR)> X<+ (plus sign);+= (addition assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> + R<VAL> R<DEST> += R<VAL> Add two numbers or PMCs. =head3 -, -= X<- (hyphen);- (subtraction);instruction (PIR)> X<- (hyphen);-= (subtraction assignment);instruction (PIR)> X<- (hyphen);- (negation);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> - R<VAL2> R<DEST> -= R<VAL1> R<DEST> = - R<VAL> Subtract R<VAL1> from R<VAL2>. The unary "C<->" negates a number. =head3 *, *= X<* (asterisk);* (multiplication);instruction (PIR)> X<* (asterisk);*= (multiplication assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> * R<VAL> R<DEST> *= R<VAL> Multiply two numbers or PMCs. =head3 /, /= X</ (slash);/ (division);instruction (PIR)> X</ (slash);/= (division assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> / R<VAL2> R<DEST> /= R<VAL1> Divide R<VAL1> by R<VAL2>. =head3 ** X<* (asterisk);** (exponentiation);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> ** R<VAL2> Raise R<VAL1> to the power of R<VAL2>. =head3 %, %= X<% (percent sign);% (modulus);instruction (PIR)> X<% (percent sign);%= (modulus assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> % R<VAL2> R<DEST> %= R<VAL1> Divide R<VAL1> by R<VAL2> and return the (C<mod>) remainder. =head3 ., .= X<. (dot);. (concatenation) instruction (PIR)> X<. (dot);.= (concatenation assignment) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> . R<VAL> R<DEST> .= R<VAL> Concatenate two strings. The concat operator must be surrounded by whitespace. =head3 E<lt> X<E<lt> (left angle bracket);E<lt> (less than);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> E<lt> R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is less than R<VAL2>. =head3 E<lt>= X<E<lt> (left angle bracket);E<lt>= (less than or equal);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> E<lt>= R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is less than or equal to R<VAL2>. =head3 E<gt> X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt> (greater than);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> E<gt> R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is greater than R<VAL2>. =head3 E<gt>= X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt>= (greater than or equal);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> E<gt>= R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is greater than or equal to R<VAL2>. =head3 == X<= (equal sign);== (equality);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> == R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is equal to R<VAL2>. =head3 != X<! (bang);!= (not equal);instruction (PIR)> if R<VAL1> != R<VAL2> goto R<LABEL> Conditionally branch to a label if R<VAL1> is not equal to R<VAL2>. =head3 && X<& (ampersand);&& (logical AND);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> && R<VAL2> Logical AND. Return R<VAL1> if it's false, otherwise return R<VAL2>. =head3 || X<| (pipe);|| (logical OR);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> || R<VAL2> Logical OR. Return R<VAL1> if it's true, otherwise return R<VAL2>. =head3 ~~ X<~ (tilde);~~ (logical XOR) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> ~~ R<VAL2> Logical XOR. If R<VAL1> is true and R<VAL2> is false, return R<VAL1>. If R<VAL1> is false and R<VAL2> is true, return R<VAL2>. Otherwise, return a false value. =head3 ! X<! (bang);! (not);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = ! R<VAL> Logical NOT. Return a true value if R<VAL> is false. =head3 &, &= X<& (ampersand);& (bitwise AND) instruction (PIR)> X<& (ampersand);&= (bitwise AND assignment) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> & R<VAL> R<DEST> &= R<VAL> Bitwise AND on two values. =head3 |, |= X<| (pipe);| (bitwise AND) instruction (PIR)> X<| (pipe);|= (bitwise AND assignment) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> | R<VAL> R<DEST> |= R<VAL> Bitwise OR on two values. =head3 ~, ~= X<~ (tilde);~ (bitwise XOR) instruction (PIR)> X<~ (tilde);~= (bitwise XOR assignment) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL> ~ R<VAL> R<DEST> ~= R<VAL> R<DEST> = ~ R<VAL> Bitwise XOR on two values. The unary form is a bitwise NOT on a value. =head3 E<lt>E<lt>, E<lt>E<lt>= X<E<lt> (left angle bracket);E<lt>E<lt> (bitwise left shift);instruction (PIR)> X<E<lt> (left angle bracket);E<lt>E<lt>= (bitwise left shift assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> E<lt>E<lt> R<VAL2> R<DEST> E<lt>E<lt>= R<VAL2> Bitwise shift R<VAL1> left by R<VAL2> number of bits. =head3 E<gt>E<gt>, E<gt>E<gt>= X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt>E<gt> (bitwise right shift);instruction (PIR)> X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt>E<gt>= (bitwise right shift assignment);instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> E<gt>E<gt> R<VAL2> R<DEST> E<gt>E<gt>= R<VAL2> Bitwise shift R<VAL1> right by R<VAL2> number of bits. =head3 E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>, E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>= X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt>E<gt>E<gt> (logical right shift) instruction (PIR)> X<E<gt> (right angle bracket);E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>= (logical right shift assignment) instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<VAL1> E<gt>E<gt>E<gt> R<VAL2> R<DEST> E<gt>E<gt>E<gt>= R<VAL2> Logically shift R<VAL1> right by R<VAL2> number of bits. =head3 [ ] X<[] (brackets);indexed access to PMC (PIR)> R<DEST> = R<PMC> [ R<KEY> ] R<PMC> [ R<KEY> ] = R<VAL> Indexed access to a PMC and indexed assignment to a PMC. DEST = STRING [ OFFSET ] STRING [ OFFSET ] = VAL Access a one-character substring on a string, starting at a particular offset, or assign to that substring. =head3 call X<call instruction (PIR)> call R<NAME> Call the named subroutine (a C<.sub> label). =head3 global X<global instruction (PIR)> R<DEST> = global R<NAME> global R<NAME> = R<VAL> Access a global variable for read or write. =head3 goto X<goto command (PIR)> goto R<NAME> Jump to the named identifier (label or subroutine name). =head3 if X<if (conditional);instruction (PIR)> if R<EXPR> goto R<NAME> If the value or expression evaluates as true, jump to the named identifier. =head3 unless X<unless (conditional);instruction (PIR)> unless R<VAL> goto R<NAME> Unless the value evaluates as true, jump to the named identifier. =cut # Local variables: # c-file-style: "parrot" # End: # vim: expandtab shiftwidth=4:
