<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/02/xpath-functions"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../doc/otp_doc.css" type="text/css"> <title>Erlang -- driver_entry</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="#000000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#ff00ff" alink="#ff0000"><div id="container"> <script id="js" type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../../../doc/js/flipmenu/flipmenu.js"></script><script id="js2" type="text/javascript" src="../../../doc/js/erlresolvelinks.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- function getWinHeight() { var myHeight = 0; if( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' ) { //Non-IE myHeight = window.innerHeight; } else if( document.documentElement && ( document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) { //IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode' myHeight = 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href="../../../doc/index.html">Top</a></small><p><strong>Erlang Run-Time System Application (ERTS)</strong><br><strong>Reference Manual</strong><br><small>Version 5.8.5</small></p> <br><a href="javascript:openAllFlips()">Expand All</a><br><a href="javascript:closeAllFlips()">Contract All</a><p><small><strong>Table of Contents</strong></small></p> <ul class="flipMenu"> <li id="no" title="erl_prim_loader " expanded="false">erl_prim_loader<ul> <li><a href="erl_prim_loader.html"> Top of manual page </a></li> <li title="start-3"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#start-3">start/3</a></li> <li title="get_file-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#get_file-1">get_file/1</a></li> <li title="get_path-0"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#get_path-0">get_path/0</a></li> <li title="list_dir-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#list_dir-1">list_dir/1</a></li> <li title="read_file_info-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#read_file_info-1">read_file_info/1</a></li> <li title="set_path-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#set_path-1">set_path/1</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="no" title="erlang " expanded="false">erlang<ul> <li><a href="erlang.html"> Top of manual page </a></li> <li title="abs-1"><a href="erlang.html#abs-1">abs/1</a></li> <li title="adler32-1"><a href="erlang.html#adler32-1">adler32/1</a></li> <li title="adler32-2"><a href="erlang.html#adler32-2">adler32/2</a></li> <li title="adler32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#adler32_combine-3">adler32_combine/3</a></li> <li title="append_element-2"><a href="erlang.html#append_element-2">append_element/2</a></li> <li title="apply-2"><a href="erlang.html#apply-2">apply/2</a></li> <li title="apply-3"><a href="erlang.html#apply-3">apply/3</a></li> <li title="atom_to_binary-2"><a href="erlang.html#atom_to_binary-2">atom_to_binary/2</a></li> <li title="atom_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#atom_to_list-1">atom_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="binary_part-2"><a href="erlang.html#binary_part-2">binary_part/2</a></li> <li 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href="erlang.html#byte_size-1">byte_size/1</a></li> <li title="cancel_timer-1"><a href="erlang.html#cancel_timer-1">cancel_timer/1</a></li> <li title="check_old_code-1"><a href="erlang.html#check_old_code-1">check_old_code/1</a></li> <li title="check_process_code-2"><a href="erlang.html#check_process_code-2">check_process_code/2</a></li> <li title="concat_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#concat_binary-1">concat_binary/1</a></li> <li title="crc32-1"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-1">crc32/1</a></li> <li title="crc32-2"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-2">crc32/2</a></li> <li title="crc32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#crc32_combine-3">crc32_combine/3</a></li> <li title="date-0"><a href="erlang.html#date-0">date/0</a></li> <li title="decode_packet-3"><a href="erlang.html#decode_packet-3">decode_packet/3</a></li> <li title="delete_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#delete_module-1">delete_module/1</a></li> <li title="demonitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-1">demonitor/1</a></li> <li title="demonitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-2">demonitor/2</a></li> <li title="disconnect_node-1"><a href="erlang.html#disconnect_node-1">disconnect_node/1</a></li> <li title="display-1"><a href="erlang.html#display-1">display/1</a></li> <li title="element-2"><a href="erlang.html#element-2">element/2</a></li> <li title="erase-0"><a href="erlang.html#erase-0">erase/0</a></li> <li title="erase-1"><a href="erlang.html#erase-1">erase/1</a></li> <li title="error-1"><a href="erlang.html#error-1">error/1</a></li> <li title="error-2"><a href="erlang.html#error-2">error/2</a></li> <li title="exit-1"><a href="erlang.html#exit-1">exit/1</a></li> <li title="exit-2"><a href="erlang.html#exit-2">exit/2</a></li> <li title="external_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#external_size-1">external_size/1</a></li> <li title="external_size-2"><a href="erlang.html#external_size-2">external_size/2</a></li> <li title="float-1"><a href="erlang.html#float-1">float/1</a></li> <li title="float_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#float_to_list-1">float_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="fun_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#fun_info-1">fun_info/1</a></li> <li title="fun_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#fun_info-2">fun_info/2</a></li> <li title="fun_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#fun_to_list-1">fun_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="function_exported-3"><a href="erlang.html#function_exported-3">function_exported/3</a></li> <li title="garbage_collect-0"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-0">garbage_collect/0</a></li> <li title="garbage_collect-1"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-1">garbage_collect/1</a></li> <li title="get-0"><a href="erlang.html#get-0">get/0</a></li> <li title="get-1"><a href="erlang.html#get-1">get/1</a></li> <li title="get_cookie-0"><a href="erlang.html#get_cookie-0">get_cookie/0</a></li> <li title="get_keys-1"><a href="erlang.html#get_keys-1">get_keys/1</a></li> <li title="get_stacktrace-0"><a href="erlang.html#get_stacktrace-0">get_stacktrace/0</a></li> <li title="group_leader-0"><a href="erlang.html#group_leader-0">group_leader/0</a></li> <li title="group_leader-2"><a href="erlang.html#group_leader-2">group_leader/2</a></li> <li title="halt-0"><a href="erlang.html#halt-0">halt/0</a></li> <li title="halt-1"><a href="erlang.html#halt-1">halt/1</a></li> <li title="hash-2"><a href="erlang.html#hash-2">hash/2</a></li> <li title="hd-1"><a href="erlang.html#hd-1">hd/1</a></li> <li title="hibernate-3"><a href="erlang.html#hibernate-3">hibernate/3</a></li> <li title="integer_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-1">integer_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="integer_to_list-2"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-2">integer_to_list/2</a></li> <li title="iolist_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_to_binary-1">iolist_to_binary/1</a></li> <li title="iolist_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_size-1">iolist_size/1</a></li> <li title="is_alive-0"><a href="erlang.html#is_alive-0">is_alive/0</a></li> <li title="is_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_atom-1">is_atom/1</a></li> <li title="is_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_binary-1">is_binary/1</a></li> <li title="is_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_bitstring-1">is_bitstring/1</a></li> <li title="is_boolean-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_boolean-1">is_boolean/1</a></li> <li title="is_builtin-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_builtin-3">is_builtin/3</a></li> <li title="is_float-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_float-1">is_float/1</a></li> <li title="is_function-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_function-1">is_function/1</a></li> <li title="is_function-2"><a href="erlang.html#is_function-2">is_function/2</a></li> <li title="is_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_integer-1">is_integer/1</a></li> <li title="is_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_list-1">is_list/1</a></li> <li title="is_number-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_number-1">is_number/1</a></li> <li title="is_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_pid-1">is_pid/1</a></li> <li title="is_port-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_port-1">is_port/1</a></li> <li title="is_process_alive-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_process_alive-1">is_process_alive/1</a></li> <li title="is_record-2"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-2">is_record/2</a></li> <li title="is_record-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-3">is_record/3</a></li> <li title="is_reference-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_reference-1">is_reference/1</a></li> <li title="is_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_tuple-1">is_tuple/1</a></li> <li title="length-1"><a href="erlang.html#length-1">length/1</a></li> <li title="link-1"><a href="erlang.html#link-1">link/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_atom-1">list_to_atom/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_binary-1">list_to_binary/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_bitstring-1">list_to_bitstring/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_existing_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_existing_atom-1">list_to_existing_atom/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_float-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_float-1">list_to_float/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-1">list_to_integer/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_integer-2"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-2">list_to_integer/2</a></li> <li title="list_to_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_pid-1">list_to_pid/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_tuple-1">list_to_tuple/1</a></li> <li title="load_module-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_module-2">load_module/2</a></li> <li title="load_nif-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_nif-2">load_nif/2</a></li> <li title="loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#loaded-0">loaded/0</a></li> <li title="localtime-0"><a href="erlang.html#localtime-0">localtime/0</a></li> <li title="localtime_to_universaltime-1"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-1">localtime_to_universaltime/1</a></li> <li title="localtime_to_universaltime-2"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-2">localtime_to_universaltime/2</a></li> <li title="make_ref-0"><a href="erlang.html#make_ref-0">make_ref/0</a></li> <li title="make_tuple-2"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-2">make_tuple/2</a></li> <li title="make_tuple-3"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-3">make_tuple/3</a></li> <li title="max-2"><a href="erlang.html#max-2">max/2</a></li> <li title="md5-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5-1">md5/1</a></li> <li title="md5_final-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5_final-1">md5_final/1</a></li> <li title="md5_init-0"><a href="erlang.html#md5_init-0">md5_init/0</a></li> <li title="md5_update-2"><a href="erlang.html#md5_update-2">md5_update/2</a></li> <li title="memory-0"><a href="erlang.html#memory-0">memory/0</a></li> <li title="memory-1"><a href="erlang.html#memory-1">memory/1</a></li> <li title="min-2"><a href="erlang.html#min-2">min/2</a></li> <li title="module_loaded-1"><a href="erlang.html#module_loaded-1">module_loaded/1</a></li> <li title="monitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor-2">monitor/2</a></li> <li title="monitor_node-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-2">monitor_node/2</a></li> <li title="monitor_node-3"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-3">monitor_node/3</a></li> <li title="nif_error-1"><a href="erlang.html#nif_error-1">nif_error/1</a></li> <li title="nif_error-2"><a href="erlang.html#nif_error-2">nif_error/2</a></li> <li title="node-0"><a href="erlang.html#node-0">node/0</a></li> <li title="node-1"><a href="erlang.html#node-1">node/1</a></li> <li title="nodes-0"><a href="erlang.html#nodes-0">nodes/0</a></li> <li title="nodes-1"><a href="erlang.html#nodes-1">nodes/1</a></li> <li title="now-0"><a href="erlang.html#now-0">now/0</a></li> <li title="open_port-2"><a href="erlang.html#open_port-2">open_port/2</a></li> <li title="phash-2"><a href="erlang.html#phash-2">phash/2</a></li> <li title="phash2-1"><a href="erlang.html#phash2-1">phash2/1</a></li> <li title="pid_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#pid_to_list-1">pid_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="port_close-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_close-1">port_close/1</a></li> <li title="port_command-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-2">port_command/2</a></li> <li title="port_command-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-3">port_command/3</a></li> <li title="port_connect-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_connect-2">port_connect/2</a></li> <li title="port_control-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_control-3">port_control/3</a></li> <li title="port_call-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_call-3">port_call/3</a></li> <li title="port_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-1">port_info/1</a></li> <li title="port_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-2">port_info/2</a></li> <li title="port_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_to_list-1">port_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="ports-0"><a href="erlang.html#ports-0">ports/0</a></li> <li title="pre_loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#pre_loaded-0">pre_loaded/0</a></li> <li title="process_display-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_display-2">process_display/2</a></li> <li title="process_flag-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-2">process_flag/2</a></li> <li title="process_flag-3"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-3">process_flag/3</a></li> <li title="process_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-1">process_info/1</a></li> <li title="process_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-2">process_info/2</a></li> <li title="processes-0"><a href="erlang.html#processes-0">processes/0</a></li> <li title="purge_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#purge_module-1">purge_module/1</a></li> <li title="put-2"><a href="erlang.html#put-2">put/2</a></li> <li title="raise-3"><a href="erlang.html#raise-3">raise/3</a></li> <li title="read_timer-1"><a href="erlang.html#read_timer-1">read_timer/1</a></li> <li title="ref_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#ref_to_list-1">ref_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="register-2"><a href="erlang.html#register-2">register/2</a></li> <li title="registered-0"><a href="erlang.html#registered-0">registered/0</a></li> <li title="resume_process-1"><a href="erlang.html#resume_process-1">resume_process/1</a></li> <li title="round-1"><a href="erlang.html#round-1">round/1</a></li> <li title="self-0"><a href="erlang.html#self-0">self/0</a></li> <li title="send-2"><a href="erlang.html#send-2">send/2</a></li> <li title="send-3"><a href="erlang.html#send-3">send/3</a></li> <li title="send_after-3"><a href="erlang.html#send_after-3">send_after/3</a></li> <li title="send_nosuspend-2"><a href="erlang.html#send_nosuspend-2">send_nosuspend/2</a></li> <li title="send_nosuspend-3"><a href="erlang.html#send_nosuspend-3">send_nosuspend/3</a></li> <li title="set_cookie-2"><a href="erlang.html#set_cookie-2">set_cookie/2</a></li> <li title="setelement-3"><a href="erlang.html#setelement-3">setelement/3</a></li> <li title="size-1"><a href="erlang.html#size-1">size/1</a></li> <li title="spawn-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-1">spawn/1</a></li> <li title="spawn-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-2">spawn/2</a></li> <li title="spawn-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-3">spawn/3</a></li> <li title="spawn-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-4">spawn/4</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-1">spawn_link/1</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-2">spawn_link/2</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-3">spawn_link/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-4">spawn_link/4</a></li> <li title="spawn_monitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-1">spawn_monitor/1</a></li> <li title="spawn_monitor-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-3">spawn_monitor/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-2">spawn_opt/2</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-3">spawn_opt/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-4"><a 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title="enif_thread_opts_destroy"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_thread_opts_destroy">enif_thread_opts_destroy() </a></li> <li title="enif_thread_self"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_thread_self">enif_thread_self() </a></li> <li title="enif_tsd_key_create"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_tsd_key_create">enif_tsd_key_create() </a></li> <li title="enif_tsd_key_destroy"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_tsd_key_destroy">enif_tsd_key_destroy() </a></li> <li title="enif_tsd_get"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_tsd_get">enif_tsd_get() </a></li> <li title="enif_tsd_set"><a href="erl_nif.html#enif_tsd_set">enif_tsd_set() </a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div></div> <div id="content"> <div class="innertube"> <!-- refpage --><center><h1>driver_entry</h1></center> <h3>C LIBRARY</h3> <div class="REFBODY">driver_entry</div> <h3>LIBRARY SUMMARY</h3> <div class="REFBODY">The driver-entry structure used by erlang drivers.</div> <h3>DESCRIPTION</h3> <div class="REFBODY"><p> <p>As of erts version 5.5.3 the driver interface has been extended (see extended marker). The extended interface introduces version management, the possibility to pass capability flags (see driver flags) to the runtime system at driver initialization, and some new driver API functions. </p> <div class="note"> <div class="label">Note</div> <div class="content"><p> <p>Old drivers (compiled with an <span class="code">erl_driver.h</span> from an earlier erts version than 5.5.3) have to be recompiled (but do not have to use the extended interface).</p> </p></div> </div> <p>The <span class="code">driver_entry</span> structure is a C struct that all erlang drivers define. It contains entry points for the erlang driver that are called by the erlang emulator when erlang code accesses the driver.</p> <p> <a name="emulator"></a> The <span class="bold_code"><a href="driver_entry.html">erl_driver</a></span> driver API functions need a port handle that identifies the driver instance (and the port in the emulator). This is only passed to the <span class="code">start</span> function, but not to the other functions. The <span class="code">start</span> function returns a driver-defined handle that is passed to the other functions. A common practice is to have the <span class="code">start</span> function allocate some application-defined structure and stash the <span class="code">port</span> handle in it, to use it later with the driver API functions.</p> <p>The driver call-back functions are called synchronously from the erlang emulator. If they take too long before completing, they can cause timeouts in the emulator. Use the queue or asynchronous calls if necessary, since the emulator must be responsive.</p> <p>The driver structure contains the name of the driver and some 15 function pointers. These pointers are called at different times by the emulator.</p> <p>The only exported function from the driver is <span class="code">driver_init</span>. This function returns the <span class="code">driver_entry</span> structure that points to the other functions in the driver. The <span class="code">driver_init</span> function is declared with a macro <span class="code">DRIVER_INIT(drivername)</span>. (This is because different OS's have different names for it.)</p> <p>When writing a driver in C++, the driver entry should be of <span class="code">"C"</span> linkage. One way to do this is to put this line somewhere before the driver entry: <span class="code">extern "C" DRIVER_INIT(drivername);</span>.</p> <p>When the driver has passed the <span class="code">driver_entry</span> over to the emulator, the driver is <strong>not</strong> allowed to modify the <span class="code">driver_entry</span>.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="label">Note</div> <div class="content"><p> <p>Do <strong>not</strong> declare the <span class="code">driver_entry</span><span class="code">const</span>. This since the emulator needs to modify the <span class="code">handle</span>, and the <span class="code">handle2</span> fields. A statically allocated, and <span class="code">const</span> declared <span class="code">driver_entry</span> may be located in read only memory which will cause the emulator to crash.</p> </p></div> </div> </p></div> <h3><a name="id367468">DATA TYPES</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <dl> <dt><strong><strong>ErlDrvEntry</strong></strong></dt> <dd> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> typedef struct erl_drv_entry { int (*init)(void); /* called at system start up for statically linked drivers, and after loading for dynamically loaded drivers */ #ifndef ERL_SYS_DRV ErlDrvData (*start)(ErlDrvPort port, char *command); /* called when open_port/2 is invoked. return value -1 means failure. */ #else ErlDrvData (*start)(ErlDrvPort port, char *command, SysDriverOpts* opts); /* special options, only for system driver */ #endif void (*stop)(ErlDrvData drv_data); /* called when port is closed, and when the emulator is halted. */ void (*output)(ErlDrvData drv_data, char *buf, int len); /* called when we have output from erlang to the port */ void (*ready_input)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event); /* called when we have input from one of the driver's handles */ void (*ready_output)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event); /* called when output is possible to one of the driver's handles */ char *driver_name; /* name supplied as command in open_port XXX ? */ void (*finish)(void); /* called before unloading the driver - DYNAMIC DRIVERS ONLY */ void *handle; /* Reserved -- Used by emulator internally */ int (*control)(ErlDrvData drv_data, unsigned int command, char *buf, int len, char **rbuf, int rlen); /* "ioctl" for drivers - invoked by port_control/3 */ void (*timeout)(ErlDrvData drv_data); /* Handling of timeout in driver */ void (*outputv)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlIOVec *ev); /* called when we have output from erlang to the port */ void (*ready_async)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvThreadData thread_data); void (*flush)(ErlDrvData drv_data); /* called when the port is about to be closed, and there is data in the driver queue that needs to be flushed before 'stop' can be called */ int (*call)(ErlDrvData drv_data, unsigned int command, char *buf, int len, char **rbuf, int rlen, unsigned int *flags); /* Works mostly like 'control', a synchronous call into the driver. */ void (*event)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event, ErlDrvEventData event_data); /* Called when an event selected by driver_event() has occurred */ int extended_marker; /* ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER */ int major_version; /* ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MAJOR_VERSION */ int minor_version; /* ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MINOR_VERSION */ int driver_flags; /* ERL_DRV_FLAGs */ void *handle2; /* Reserved -- Used by emulator internally */ void (*process_exit)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvMonitor *monitor); /* Called when a process monitor fires */ void (*stop_select)(ErlDrvEvent event, void* reserved); /* Called to close an event object */ } ErlDrvEntry; </pre></div> <p></p> <dl> <dt><strong><a name="init"></a>int (*init)(void)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is called directly after the driver has been loaded by <span class="code">erl_ddll:load_driver/2</span>. (Actually when the driver is added to the driver list.) The driver should return 0, or if the driver can't initialize, -1.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="start"></a>ErlDrvData (*start)(ErlDrvPort port, char* command)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is called when the driver is instantiated, when <span class="code">open_port/2</span> is called. The driver should return a number >= 0 or a pointer, or if the driver can't be started, one of three error codes should be returned:</p> <p>ERL_DRV_ERROR_GENERAL - general error, no error code</p> <p>ERL_DRV_ERROR_ERRNO - error with error code in erl_errno</p> <p>ERL_DRV_ERROR_BADARG - error, badarg</p> <p>If an error code is returned, the port isn't started.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="stop"></a>void (*stop)(ErlDrvData drv_data)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is called when the port is closed, with <span class="code">port_close/1</span> or <span class="code">Port ! {self(), close}</span>. Note that terminating the port owner process also closes the port. If <span class="code">drv_data</span> is a pointer to memory allocated in <span class="code">start</span>, then <span class="code">stop</span> is the place to deallocate that memory.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="output"></a>void (*output)(ErlDrvData drv_data, char *buf, int len)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is called when an erlang process has sent data to the port. The data is pointed to by <span class="code">buf</span>, and is <span class="code">len</span> bytes. Data is sent to the port with <span class="code">Port ! {self(), {command, Data}}</span>, or with <span class="code">port_command/2</span>. Depending on how the port was opened, it should be either a list of integers 0...255 or a binary. See <span class="code">open_port/3</span> and <span class="code">port_command/2</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ready_input"></a>void (*ready_input)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event)</strong></dt> <dt><strong><a name="ready_output"></a>void (*ready_output)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is called when a driver event (given in the <span class="code">event</span> parameter) is signaled. This is used to help asynchronous drivers "wake up" when something happens.</p> <p>On unix the <span class="code">event</span> is a pipe or socket handle (or something that the <span class="code">select</span> system call understands).</p> <p>On Windows the <span class="code">event</span> is an Event or Semaphore (or something that the <span class="code">WaitForMultipleObjects</span> API function understands). (Some trickery in the emulator allows more than the built-in limit of 64 <span class="code">Events</span> to be used.)</p> <p>To use this with threads and asynchronous routines, create a pipe on unix and an Event on Windows. When the routine completes, write to the pipe (use <span class="code">SetEvent</span> on Windows), this will make the emulator call <span class="code">ready_input</span> or <span class="code">ready_output</span>.</p> <p>Spurious events may happen. That is, calls to <span class="code">ready_input</span> or <span class="code">ready_output</span> even though no real events are signaled. In reality it should be rare (and OS dependant), but a robust driver must nevertheless be able to handle such cases.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="driver_name"></a>char *driver_name</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is the name of the driver, it must correspond to the atom used in <span class="code">open_port</span>, and the name of the driver library file (without the extension).</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="finish"></a>void (*finish)(void)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called by the <span class="code">erl_ddll</span> driver when the driver is unloaded. (It is only called in dynamic drivers.)</p> <p>The driver is only unloaded as a result of calling <span class="code">unload_driver/1</span>, or when the emulator halts.</p> </dd> <dt><strong>void *handle</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This field is reserved for the emulator's internal use. The emulator will modify this field; therefore, it is important that the <span class="code">driver_entry</span> isn't declared <span class="code">const</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="control"></a>int (*control)(ErlDrvData drv_data, unsigned int command, char *buf, int len, char **rbuf, int rlen)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is a special routine invoked with the erlang function <span class="code">port_control/3</span>. It works a little like an "ioctl" for erlang drivers. The data given to <span class="code">port_control/3</span> arrives in <span class="code">buf</span> and <span class="code">len</span>. The driver may send data back, using <span class="code">*rbuf</span> and <span class="code">rlen</span>.</p> <p>This is the fastest way of calling a driver and get a response. It won't make any context switch in the erlang emulator, and requires no message passing. It is suitable for calling C function to get faster execution, when erlang is too slow.</p> <p>If the driver wants to return data, it should return it in <span class="code">rbuf</span>. When <span class="code">control</span> is called, <span class="code">*rbuf</span> points to a default buffer of <span class="code">rlen</span> bytes, which can be used to return data. Data is returned different depending on the port control flags (those that are set with set_port_control_flags). </p> <p>If the flag is set to <span class="code">PORT_CONTROL_FLAG_BINARY</span>, a binary will be returned. Small binaries can be returned by writing the raw data into the default buffer. A binary can also be returned by setting <span class="code">*rbuf</span> to point to a binary allocated with driver_alloc_binary. This binary will be freed automatically after <span class="code">control</span> has returned. The driver can retain the binary for <strong>read only</strong> access with driver_binary_inc_refc to be freed later with driver_free_binary. It is never allowed to alter the binary after <span class="code">control</span> has returned. If <span class="code">*rbuf</span> is set to NULL, an empty list will be returned. </p> <p>If the flag is set to <span class="code">0</span>, data is returned as a list of integers. Either use the default buffer or set <span class="code">*rbuf</span> to point to a larger buffer allocated with driver_alloc. The buffer will be freed automatically after <span class="code">control</span> has returned.</p> <p>Using binaries is faster if more than a few bytes are returned.</p> <p>The return value is the number of bytes returned in <span class="code">*rbuf</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="timeout"></a>void (*timeout)(ErlDrvData drv_data)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called any time after the driver's timer reaches 0. The timer is activated with <span class="code">driver_set_timer</span>. There are no priorities or ordering among drivers, so if several drivers time out at the same time, any one of them is called first.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="outputv"></a>void (*outputv)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlIOVec *ev)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called whenever the port is written to. If it is <span class="code">NULL</span>, the <span class="code">output</span> function is called instead. This function is faster than <span class="code">output</span>, because it takes an <span class="code">ErlIOVec</span> directly, which requires no copying of the data. The port should be in binary mode, see <span class="code">open_port/2</span>.</p> <p>The <span class="code">ErlIOVec</span> contains both a <span class="code">SysIOVec</span>, suitable for <span class="code">writev</span>, and one or more binaries. If these binaries should be retained, when the driver returns from <span class="code">outputv</span>, they can be queued (using driver_enq_bin for instance), or if they are kept in a static or global variable, the reference counter can be incremented.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ready_async"></a>void (*ready_async)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvThreadData thread_data)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called after an asynchronous call has completed. The asynchronous call is started with driver_async. This function is called from the erlang emulator thread, as opposed to the asynchronous function, which is called in some thread (if multithreading is enabled).</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="call"></a>int (*call)(ErlDrvData drv_data, unsigned int command, char *buf, int len, char **rbuf, int rlen, unsigned int *flags)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called from <span class="code">erlang:port_call/3</span>. It works a lot like the <span class="code">control</span> call-back, but uses the external term format for input and output.</p> <p><span class="code">command</span> is an integer, obtained from the call from erlang (the second argument to <span class="code">erlang:port_call/3</span>).</p> <p><span class="code">buf</span> and <span class="code">len</span> provide the arguments to the call (the third argument to <span class="code">erlang:port_call/3</span>). They can be decoded using <span class="code">ei</span> functions.</p> <p><span class="code">rbuf</span> points to a return buffer, <span class="code">rlen</span> bytes long. The return data should be a valid erlang term in the external (binary) format. This is converted to an erlang term and returned by <span class="code">erlang:port_call/3</span> to the caller. If more space than <span class="code">rlen</span> bytes is needed to return data, <span class="code">*rbuf</span> can be set to memory allocated with <span class="code">driver_alloc</span>. This memory will be freed automatically after <span class="code">call</span> has returned.</p> <p>The return value is the number of bytes returned in <span class="code">*rbuf</span>. If <span class="code">ERL_DRV_ERROR_GENERAL</span> is returned (or in fact, anything < 0), <span class="code">erlang:port_call/3</span> will throw a <span class="code">BAD_ARG</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong>void (*event)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event, ErlDrvEventData event_data)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Intentionally left undocumented.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="extended_marker"></a>int extended_marker</strong></dt> <dd> <p> This field should either be equal to <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER</span> or <span class="code">0</span>. An old driver (not aware of the extended driver interface) should set this field to <span class="code">0</span>. If this field is equal to <span class="code">0</span>, all the fields following this field also <strong>have</strong> to be <span class="code">0</span>, or <span class="code">NULL</span> in case it is a pointer field. </p> </dd> <dt><strong>int major_version</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This field should equal <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MAJOR_VERSION</span> if the <span class="code">extended_marker</span> field equals <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong>int minor_version</strong></dt> <dd> <p> This field should equal <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MINOR_VERSION</span> if the <span class="code">extended_marker</span> field equals <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER</span>. </p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="driver_flags"></a>int driver_flags</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This field is used to pass driver capability information to the runtime system. If the <span class="code">extended_marker</span> field equals <span class="code">ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER</span>, it should contain <span class="code">0</span> or driver flags (<span class="code">ERL_DRV_FLAG_*</span>) ored bitwise. Currently the following driver flags exist: </p> <dl> <dt><strong><span class="code">ERL_DRV_FLAG_USE_PORT_LOCKING</span></strong></dt> <dd> The runtime system will use port level locking on all ports executing this driver instead of driver level locking when the driver is run in a runtime system with SMP support. For more information see the erl_driver documentation. </dd> <dt><strong><span class="code">ERL_DRV_FLAG_SOFT_BUSY</span></strong></dt> <dd> Marks that driver instances can handle being called in the <span class="bold_code"><a href="#output">output</a></span> and/or <span class="bold_code"><a href="#outputv">outputv</a></span> callbacks even though a driver instance has marked itself as busy (see set_busy_port()). Since erts version 5.7.4 this flag is required for drivers used by the Erlang distribution (the behaviour has always been required by drivers used by the distribution). </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt><strong>void *handle2</strong></dt> <dd> <p> This field is reserved for the emulator's internal use. The emulator will modify this field; therefore, it is important that the <span class="code">driver_entry</span> isn't declared <span class="code">const</span>. </p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="process_exit"></a>void (*process_exit)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This callback is called when a monitored process exits. The <span class="code">drv_data</span> is the data associated with the port for which the process is monitored (using driver_monitor_process) and the <span class="code">monitor</span> corresponds to the <span class="code">ErlDrvMonitor</span> structure filled in when creating the monitor. The driver interface function driver_get_monitored_process can be used to retrieve the process id of the exiting process as an <span class="code">ErlDrvTermData</span>.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="stop_select"></a>void (*stop_select)(ErlDrvEvent event, void* reserved)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This function is called on behalf of driver_select when it is safe to close an event object.</p> <p>A typical implementation on Unix is to do <span class="code">close((int)event)</span>.</p> <p>Argument <span class="code">reserved</span> is intended for future use and should be ignored.</p> <p>In contrast to most of the other call-back functions, <span class="code">stop_select</span> is called independent of any port. No <span class="code">ErlDrvData</span> argument is passed to the function. No driver lock or port lock is guaranteed to be held. The port that called <span class="code">driver_select</span> might even be closed at the time <span class="code">stop_select</span> is called. But it could also be the case that <span class="code">stop_select</span> is called directly by <span class="code">driver_select</span>.</p> <p>It is not allowed to call any functions in the <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html">driver API</a></span> from <span class="code">stop_select</span>. This strict limitation is due to the volatile context that <span class="code">stop_select</span> may be called.</p> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </div> <h3><a name="id368505">SEE ALSO</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <p><span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html">erl_driver(3)</a></span>, <span class="bold_code"><a href="javascript:erlhref('../../../doc/../','kernel','erl_ddll.html');">erl_ddll(3)</a></span>, <span class="bold_code"><a href="javascript:erlhref('../../../doc/../','erts','erlang.html');">erlang(3)</a></span>, kernel(3)</p> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <hr> <p>Copyright © 1997-2011 Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div></body> </html>