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<div class="refentry" title="linseg">
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<a id="IndexLinseg" class="indexterm"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">linseg</span>
</h2>
<p>linseg —
Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="id2984296"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="id2984309"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>linseg</strong></span> ia, idur1, ib [, idur2] [, ic] [...]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>linseg</strong></span> ia, idur1, ib [, idur2] [, ic] [...]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="id2985220"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ia</em></span> -- starting value.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ib, ic</em></span>, etc. -- value after <span class="emphasis"><em>dur1</em></span> seconds, etc.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idur1</em></span> -- duration in seconds of first segment. A zero or negative value will cause all initialization to be skipped.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idur2, idur3</em></span>, etc. -- duration in seconds of subsequent segments. A zero or negative value will terminate the initialization process with the preceding point, permitting the last-defined line or curve to be continued indefinitely in performance. The default is zero.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="id2985273"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
These units generate control or audio signals whose values can pass through 2 or more specified points. The sum of <span class="emphasis"><em>dur</em></span> values may or may not equal the instrument's performance time: a shorter performance will truncate the specified pattern, while a longer one will cause the last-defined segment to continue on in the same direction.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<th align="left">Note</th>
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<p>
A common error with this opcode is to assume that the last value
is held after the total duration. <span class="emphasis"><em>linseg</em></span> does not
automatically end or stop at the end of the total duration. If your
note length is longer than the sum of all <span class="emphasis"><em>idur</em></span>
values, <span class="emphasis"><em>kres</em></span> (or <span class="emphasis"><em>ares</em></span>) will
not come to rest at the last given value, but will instead continue to
rise or fall with the current rate. You can add a final segment at the
same previous value to create a held final value.
</p>
</td>
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<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="id2985334"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the linseg opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/linseg.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">linseg.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="id2985350"></a>
<p class="title">
<b>Example 334. Example of the linseg opcode.</b>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o linseg.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">; Initialize the global variables.</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Instrument #1.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; p4 = frequency in pitch-class notation.</span>
kcps <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4)
<span class="comment">; Create an amplitude envelope.</span>
kenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, p3<span class="op">*</span>0.25, 1, p3<span class="op">*</span>0.75, 0
kamp <span class="op">=</span> kenv <span class="op">*</span> 30000
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> kamp, kcps, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
<span class="comment">; p4 = frequency in pitch-class notation.</span>
kcps <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4)
<span class="comment">; Create an amplitude envelope.</span>
kenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, 0.25, 1, 0.75, 0 <span class="comment">; kenv will go into negative if p3 > 1</span>
kamp <span class="op">=</span> kenv <span class="op">*</span> 30000
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> kamp, kcps, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 3
<span class="comment">; p4 = frequency in pitch-class notation.</span>
kcps <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4)
<span class="comment">; Create an amplitude envelope.</span>
kenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, 0.25, 1, 0.75, 0, 1, 0 <span class="comment">; kenv will stay at 0 indefinetely at the end</span>
kamp <span class="op">=</span> kenv <span class="op">*</span> 30000
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> kamp, kcps, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; Table #1, a sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.00</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 0.5 8.00
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.01</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 1 0.5 8.01
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.02</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 2 0.5 8.02
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.03</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 3 0.5 8.03
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 4 1.5 8.00 <span class="comment">; Notice the problem with linseg</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 3 6 1.5 8.00 <span class="comment">; this is the solution (instr 3)</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="id2985388"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="expon.html" title="expon"><em class="citetitle">expon</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expseg.html" title="expseg"><em class="citetitle">expseg</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="line.html" title="line"><em class="citetitle">line</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a>
<a class="link" href="transeg.html" title="transeg"><em class="citetitle">transeg</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="id2985446"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Example written by Kevin Conder.</p>
</div>
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