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<div class="refentry" title="linsegr">
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">linsegr</span>
</h2>
<p>linsegr —
Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="id2984944"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="id2984958"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>linsegr</strong></span> ia, idur1, ib [, idur2] [, ic] [...], irel, iz</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>linsegr</strong></span> ia, idur1, ib [, idur2] [, ic] [...], irel, iz</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="id2985186"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ia</em></span> -- starting value.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ib, ic</em></span>, etc. -- value after <span class="emphasis"><em>dur1</em></span> seconds, etc.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idur1</em></span> -- duration in seconds of first segment. A zero or negative value will cause all initialization to be skipped.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idur2, idur3</em></span>, etc. -- duration in seconds of subsequent segments. A zero or negative value will terminate the initialization process with the preceding point, permitting the last-defined line or curve to be continued indefinitely in performance. The default is zero.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irel, iz</em></span> -- duration in seconds and final value of a note releasing segment.
</p>
<p>
For Csound versions prior to 5.00, the release time cannot be longer than 32767/<a class="link" href="kr.html" title="kr"><em class="citetitle">kr</em></a> seconds. This limit has been extended to (2<sup>31</sup>-1)/kr.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="id2985930"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
These units generate control or audio signals whose values can pass through 2 or more specified points. The sum of <span class="emphasis"><em>dur</em></span> values may or may not equal the instrument's performance time: a shorter performance will truncate the specified pattern, while a longer one will cause the last-defined segment to continue on in the same direction.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>linsegr</em></span> is amongst the Csound <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">r</span>”</span> units that contain a note-off sensor and release time extender. When each senses an event termination or MIDI noteoff, it immediately extends the performance time of the current instrument by <span class="emphasis"><em>irel </em></span>seconds, and sets out to reach the value <span class="emphasis"><em>iz</em></span> by the end of that period (no matter which segment the unit is in). <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">r</span>”</span> units can also be modified by MIDI noteoff velocities. For two or more extenders in an instrument, extension is by the greatest period.
</p>
<p>
You can use other pre-made envelopes which start a release segment upon recieving a note off message, like <a class="link" href="linenr.html" title="linenr"><em class="citetitle">linenr</em></a> and <a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>, or you can construct more complex envelopes using <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> and <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a>. Note that you don't need to use <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> if you are using <span class="emphasis"><em>linsegr</em></span>, since the time is extended automatically.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="id2986036"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the linsegr opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/linsegr.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">linsegr.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="id2986052"></a>
<p class="title">
<b>Example 335. Example of the linsegr opcode.</b>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o linsegr.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">; Initialize the global variables.</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Instrument #1.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; p4 = frequency in pitch-class notation.</span>
kcps <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4)
<span class="comment">; Use an amplitude envelope with second-long release.</span>
kenv <span class="opc">linsegr</span> 1, p3, 0.25, 1, 0
kamp <span class="op">=</span> kenv <span class="op">*</span> 30000
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> kamp, kcps, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; Table #1, a sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="comment">; Make sure the score lasts for four seconds.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 0 4
<span class="comment">; p4 = frequency (in pitch-class notation).</span>
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.00</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 0.5 8.00
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.01</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 1 0.5 8.01
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.02</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 2 0.5 8.02
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for a half-second, p4=8.03</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 3 0.5 8.03
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="id2986090"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="linenr.html" title="linenr"><em class="citetitle">linenr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="envlpxr.html" title="envlpxr"><em class="citetitle">envlpxr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="mxadsr.html" title="mxadsr"><em class="citetitle">mxadsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a>
<a class="link" href="expon.html" title="expon"><em class="citetitle">expon</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expseg.html" title="expseg"><em class="citetitle">expseg</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expsega.html" title="expsega"><em class="citetitle">expsega</em></a>
<a class="link" href="line.html" title="line"><em class="citetitle">line</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="linseg.html" title="linseg"><em class="citetitle">linseg</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="transegr.html" title="transegr"><em class="citetitle">transegr</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="id2986196"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: Barry L. Vercoe</p>
<p>Example written by Kevin Conder.</p>
<p>December 2002, December 2006. Thanks to Istvan Varga, added documentation about the maximum release time.</p>
<p>New in Csound 3.47</p>
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