<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>pan</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="csound.css" type="text/css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="p5gdata.html" title="p5gdata" />
<link rel="next" href="pan2.html" title="pan2" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">pan</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="p5gdata.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pan2.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry" title="pan">
<a id="pan"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexPan" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">pan</span>
</h2>
<p>pan —
Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="id3083530"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels with localization control.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="id3083542"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">a1, a2, a3, a4 <span class="command"><strong>pan</strong></span> asig, kx, ky, ifn [, imode] [, ioffset]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="id3083753"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span> -- function table number of a stored pattern describing the amplitude growth in a speaker channel as sound moves towards it from an adjacent speaker. Requires extended guard-point.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>imode</em></span> (optional) -- mode of the <span class="emphasis"><em>kx, ky</em></span> position values. 0 signifies raw index mode, 1 means the inputs are normalized (0 - 1). The default value is 0.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> (optional) -- offset indicator for <span class="emphasis"><em>kx, ky</em></span>. 0 infers the origin to be at channel 3 (left rear); 1 requests an axis shift to the quadraphonic center. The default value is 0.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="id3083795"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>pan</em></span> takes an input signal <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> and distributes it amongst four outputs (essentially quad speakers) according to the controls <span class="emphasis"><em>kx</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>ky</em></span>. For normalized input (mode=1) and no offset, the four output locations are in order: left-front at (0,1), right-front at (1,1), left-rear at the origin (0,0), and right-rear at (1,0). In the notation (<span class="emphasis"><em>kx</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>ky)</em></span>, the coordinates <span class="emphasis"><em>kx</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>ky</em></span>, each ranging 0 - 1, thus control the 'rightness' and 'forwardness' of a sound location.
</p>
<p>
Movement between speakers is by amplitude variation, controlled by the stored function table <span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span>. As <span class="emphasis"><em>kx</em></span> goes from 0 to 1, the strength of the right-hand signals will grow from the left-most table value to the right-most, while that of the left-hand signals will progress from the right-most table value to the left-most. For a simple linear pan, the table might contain the linear function 0 - 1. A more correct pan that maintains constant power would be obtained by storing the first quadrant of a sinusoid. Since <span class="emphasis"><em>pan</em></span> will scale and truncate <span class="emphasis"><em>kx</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>ky</em></span> in simple table lookup, a medium-large table (say 8193) should be used.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kx, ky</em></span> values are not restricted to 0 - 1. A circular motion passing through all four speakers (inscribed) would have a diameter of root 2, and might be defined by a circle of radius R = root 1/2 with center at (.5,.5). <span class="emphasis"><em>kx, ky</em></span> would then come from Rcos(angle), Rsin(angle), with an implicit origin at (.5,.5) (i.e. <span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> = 1). Unscaled raw values operate similarly. Sounds can thus be located anywhere in the polar or Cartesian plane; points lying outside the speaker square are projected correctly onto the square's perimeter as for a listener at the center.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="id3084489"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
k1 <span class="opc">phasor</span> 1<span class="op">/</span>p3 <span class="comment">; fraction of circle</span>
k2 <span class="opc">tablei</span> k1, 1, 1 <span class="comment">; sin of angle (sinusoid in f1)</span>
k3 <span class="opc">tablei</span> k1, 1, 1, .25, 1 <span class="comment">; cos of angle (sin offset 1/4 circle)</span>
a1 <span class="opc">oscili</span> 10000,440, 1 <span class="comment">; audio signal..</span>
a1,a2,a3,a4 <span class="opc">pan</span> a1, k2<span class="op">/</span>2, k3<span class="op">/</span>2, 2, 1, 1 <span class="comment">; sent in a circle (f2=1st quad sin)</span>
<span class="opc">outq</span> a1, a2, a3, a4
<span class="oblock">endin</span></pre>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="p5gdata.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pan2.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">p5gdata </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> pan2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
