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<div class="yui-g" id="ref-validators">
<div class="section" id="s-validators">
<span id="validators"></span><h1>Validators<a class="headerlink" href="#validators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.2:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../releases/1.2.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<span class="target" id="module-django.core.validators"></span><div class="section" id="s-writing-validators">
<span id="writing-validators"></span><h2>Writing validators<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-validators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>A validator is a callable that takes a value and raises a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> if it doesn’t meet some
criteria. Validators can be useful for re-using validation logic between
different types of fields.</p>
<p>For example, here’s a validator that only allows even numbers:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.core.exceptions</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ValidationError</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">validate_even</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">ValidationError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">u'</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s"> is not an even number'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can add this to a model field via the field's <a class="reference internal" href="models/fields.html#django.db.models.Field.validators" title="django.db.models.Field.validators"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">validators</span></tt></a>
argument:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django.db</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">models</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">even_field</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">models</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntegerField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">validators</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">validate_even</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Because values are converted to Python before validators are run, you can even
use the same validator with forms:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">forms</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">even_field</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntegerField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">validators</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">validate_even</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-how-validators-are-run">
<span id="how-validators-are-run"></span><h2>How validators are run<a class="headerlink" href="#how-validators-are-run" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="forms/validation.html"><em>form validation</em></a> for more information on
how validators are run in forms, and <a class="reference internal" href="models/instances.html#validating-objects"><em>Validating objects</em></a> for how they're run in models. Note that validators will
not be run automatically when you save a model, but if you are using a
<a class="reference internal" href="../topics/forms/modelforms.html#django.forms.ModelForm" title="django.forms.ModelForm"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelForm</span></tt></a>, it will run your validators on any fields
that are included in your form. See the
<a class="reference internal" href="../topics/forms/modelforms.html"><em>ModelForm documentation</em></a> for information on
how model validation interacts with forms.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-built-in-validators">
<span id="built-in-validators"></span><h2>Built-in validators<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-validators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-django.core.validators" title="django.core.validators: Validation utilities and base classes"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.core.validators</span></tt></a> module contains a collection of callable
validators for use with model and form fields. They're used internally but
are available for use with your own fields, too. They can be used in addition
to, or in lieu of custom <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">field.clean()</span></tt> methods.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-regexvalidator">
<span id="regexvalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#regexvalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.RegexValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">RegexValidator</tt>(<em>regex</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>message=None</em>, <em>code=None</em><span class="optional">]</span>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.regex">
<tt class="descname">regex</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.regex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The regular expression pattern to search for the provided <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt>,
or a pre-compiled regular expression. Raises a
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> with <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">message</span></tt></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">code</span></tt></a> if no match is found.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message">
<tt class="descname">message</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The error message used by <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a>
if validation fails. If no <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.message"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">message</span></tt></a> is specified, a generic
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"Enter</span> <span class="pre">a</span> <span class="pre">valid</span> <span class="pre">value"</span></tt> message is used. Default value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code">
<tt class="descname">code</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The error code used by <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a>
if validation fails. If <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator.code"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">code</span></tt></a> is not specified, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"invalid"</span></tt>
is used. Default value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-urlvalidator">
<span id="urlvalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">URLValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#urlvalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.URLValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">URLValidator</tt>(<span class="optional">[</span><em>verify_exists=False</em>, <em>validator_user_agent=URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT</em><span class="optional">]</span>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.URLValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a> that ensures a value looks like a URL and
optionally verifies that the URL actually exists (i.e., doesn't return a
404 status code). Raises an error code of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'invalid'</span></tt> if it doesn't look
like a URL, and a code of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'invalid_link'</span></tt> if it doesn't exist.</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.validators.URLValidator.verify_exists">
<tt class="descname">verify_exists</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.URLValidator.verify_exists" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Default value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>. If set to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, this validator checks
that the URL actually exists.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.core.validators.URLValidator.validator_user_agent">
<tt class="descname">validator_user_agent</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.URLValidator.validator_user_agent" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.URLValidator.verify_exists" title="django.core.validators.URLValidator.verify_exists"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">verify_exists</span></tt></a> is <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, Django uses the value of
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.URLValidator.validator_user_agent" title="django.core.validators.URLValidator.validator_user_agent"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">validator_user_agent</span></tt></a> as the "User-agent" for the request. This
defaults to <tt class="xref std std-setting docutils literal"><span class="pre">settings.URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-validate-email">
<span id="validate-email"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_email</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-email" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.core.validators.validate_email">
<tt class="descname">validate_email</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.validate_email" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a> instance that ensures a value looks like an
e-mail address.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-validate-slug">
<span id="validate-slug"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_slug</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-slug" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.core.validators.validate_slug">
<tt class="descname">validate_slug</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.validate_slug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a> instance that ensures a value consists of only
letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-validate-ipv4-address">
<span id="validate-ipv4-address"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_ipv4_address</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-ipv4-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.core.validators.validate_ipv4_address">
<tt class="descname">validate_ipv4_address</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.validate_ipv4_address" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a> instance that ensures a value looks like an IPv4
address.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-validate-comma-separated-integer-list">
<span id="validate-comma-separated-integer-list"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_comma_separated_integer_list</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#validate-comma-separated-integer-list" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="data">
<dt id="django.core.validators.validate_comma_separated_integer_list">
<tt class="descname">validate_comma_separated_integer_list</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.validate_comma_separated_integer_list" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#django.core.validators.RegexValidator" title="django.core.validators.RegexValidator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a> instance that ensures a value is a
comma-separated list of integers.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-maxvaluevalidator">
<span id="maxvaluevalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MaxValueValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#maxvaluevalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.MaxValueValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MaxValueValidator</tt>(<em>max_value</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.MaxValueValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> with a code of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'max_value'</span></tt> if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> is greater than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-minvaluevalidator">
<span id="minvaluevalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MinValueValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#minvaluevalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.MinValueValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MinValueValidator</tt>(<em>min_value</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.MinValueValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> with a code of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'min_value'</span></tt> if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> is less than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_value</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-maxlengthvalidator">
<span id="maxlengthvalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MaxLengthValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#maxlengthvalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.MaxLengthValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MaxLengthValidator</tt>(<em>max_length</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.MaxLengthValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> with a code of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'max_length'</span></tt> if the length of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> is greater than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_length</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-minlengthvalidator">
<span id="minlengthvalidator"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MinLengthValidator</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#minlengthvalidator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.core.validators.MinLengthValidator">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MinLengthValidator</tt>(<em>min_length</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.core.validators.MinLengthValidator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#django.core.exceptions.ValidationError" title="django.core.exceptions.ValidationError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt></a> with a code of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'min_length'</span></tt> if the length of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> is less than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_length</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Validators</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#writing-validators">Writing validators</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-validators-are-run">How validators are run</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#built-in-validators">Built-in validators</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#regexvalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexValidator</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#urlvalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">URLValidator</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validate-email"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_email</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validate-slug"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_slug</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validate-ipv4-address"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_ipv4_address</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validate-comma-separated-integer-list"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validate_comma_separated_integer_list</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#maxvaluevalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MaxValueValidator</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#minvaluevalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MinValueValidator</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#maxlengthvalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MaxLengthValidator</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#minlengthvalidator"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MinLengthValidator</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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