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<b>GXemul:</b></font> <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Installing and running "guest OSes"</b>
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<p><br>
<h2>Installing and running "guest OSes"</h2>
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#generalnotes">General notes on running "guest OSes"</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax 5.0</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdarcinstall">NetBSD/arc 4.0.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdhpcmipsinstall">NetBSD/hpcmips 4.0.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdcobaltinstall">NetBSD/cobalt 5.0</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdevbmipsinstall">NetBSD/evbmips 5.0</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdalgorinstall">NetBSD/algor 3.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdsgimips">NetBSD/sgimips 5.0</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdcatsinstall">NetBSD/cats 5.0</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdevbarminstall">NetBSD/evbarm 2.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdnetwinderinstall">NetBSD/netwinder 3.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdprepinstall">NetBSD/prep 2.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdmacppcinstall">NetBSD/macppc 4.0.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdpmppc">NetBSD/pmppc 3.1</a>
<li><a href="#netbsdlandiskinstall">NetBSD/landisk 4.0.1</a>
<li><a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">NetBSD/dreamcast 4.0</a>
<li><a href="dreamcast.html#linux_live_cd">Linux/dreamcast</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdpmaxinstall">OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdcatsinstall">OpenBSD/cats 4.0</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdlandiskinstall">OpenBSD/landisk 4.5</a>
<li><a href="#openbsdmvme88kinstall">OpenBSD/mvme88k 4.5</a>
<li><a href="#helenos">HelenOS 0.4.0</a>
<li><a href="#ultrixinstall">Ultrix/RISC 4.5</a>
<li><a href="#sprite">Sprite for DECstation</a>
<li><a href="#declinux">Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation</a>
</ul>
<p><br>
<a name="generalnotes"></a>
<h3>General notes on running "guest OSes":</h3>
The emulator works well enough to run complete operating systems. These
are often refered to as <i>guest</i> operating systems, in contrast to the
<i>host</i> operating system which the emulator is running under.
<p>Although it is possible to let a guest OS access real hardware, such as
harddisks, it is much more flexible and attractive to simulate harddisks
using files residing in the host's filesystem. On Unix-like systems, files
may contain holes, which makes this really simple. To the guest operating
system, the harddisk image looks and acts like a real disk.
<p>The version numbers of the various operating systems were the latest
versions that worked satisfactory with GXemul at the time this page was
updated; if new versions have been released since then, they might work as
well.
<p>In addition to the "working" guest operating systems listed above,
you might find the following information interesting:
<ul>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#mach">Mach/PMAX</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#declinuxredhat">Redhat Linux for DECstation</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#openbsdsgiinstall">OpenBSD/sgi</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#openbsdarcinstall">OpenBSD/arc 2.3</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#debiancats">Debian GNU/Linux for CATS</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#linux_malta">Linux/Malta</a> (variant 1)
<li><a href="unsupported.html#linux_malta2">Linux/Malta</a> (variant 2)
<li><a href="unsupported.html#linux_qemu_mips">Linux/QEMU_MIPS</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#windows_nt_mips">Windows NT/MIPS</a>
<li><a href="unsupported.html#netbsdbeboxinstall">NetBSD/bebox 19981119</a>
</ul>
<p><b><font color="#ff0000">NOTE:</b>
Some of these sections may not be relevant to this
specific release of GXemul,</font> for example some of these
modes may be legacy modes that worked before but not any longer,
or are not yet working but could be in the future.
<p>Some operating systems are listed with a version number <i>less</i>
than what was available at the time of this GXemul release (e.g.
NetBSD/prep). The reasons for this may be because of incompleteness in
GXemul's machine, device, and/or processor implementations.
It may also simply be that I have not had time to verify the
installation prodecure with any higher version that the listed one.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/pmax:</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> was the
first guest OS that could be
<a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-pmax/2004/04/18/0000.html">installed</a>
onto a disk image in GXemul. The device emulation of the DECstation
5000/200 is reasonably complete; it should be enough to emulate a
networked X-windows-capable workstation.
<p>
<a href="20050317-example.png"><img src="20050317-example_small.png"></a>
<p>To install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image in the emulator,
follow these instructions:
<p><ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download a NetBSD CD-ROM iso image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/pmaxcd-5.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/pmaxcd-5.0.iso</a>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d b:pmaxcd-5.0.iso</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>If you do not want to use the graphical framebuffer during the
install, you can skip the <b><tt>-X</tt></b> command line option.
Remember to enter <tt>xterm</tt> instead of <tt>vt100</tt> when asked
about your terminal type, if you do this.
<p>You can also add <b><tt>-Y 2</tt></b> to the command line options, if
you feel that the default framebuffer window is too large.
<p>When the installation has finished, the following command should start
NetBSD from the harddisk image:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
</pre>
and log in as <tt>root</tt>. Type <tt>startx</tt> to start X windows.
<p>(Remove <b><tt>-X</tt></b> if you only want a serial console.)
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdarcinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/arc:</h3>
It is possible to install and run <a
href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>
on an emulated Acer PICA-61 in the emulator.
<p>
<a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a>
<p>
To install NetBSD/arc from a CDROM image onto an emulated
harddisk image, follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that NetBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_arc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download a NetBSD/arc 4.0 CDROM image, and the generic + ramdisk
NetBSD/arc kernels:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/arccd-4.0.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/arccd-4.0.1.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz</a>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img -d b:arccd-4.0.1.iso netbsd-RAMDISK.gz</b>
</pre>
(Try removing <tt>-x</tt> if you have problems with the xterm.)
<p>
<li>From now on, you have to use your imagination, as there is no
automatic installation program for NetBSD/arc 4.0.1. Here are
some tips and hints on how you can proceed with the install:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>mount /dev/cd0a /mnt2
disklabel -i -I sd0</b> (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
'700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
<b>newfs /dev/sd0a
mount /dev/sd0a /mnt
cd /mnt
for a in /mnt2/arc/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar xzpf $a; done
cd dev; sh MAKEDEV all
cd ../etc; echo "rc_configured=YES" >> rc.conf
cat > /mnt/etc/fstab
/dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1
/dev/sd0b none swap sw 0 0
</b>(press ctrl-d)
<b>cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2
halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>You can now use the generic NetBSD/arc kernel to boot from the harddisk
image, using the following command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e pica -x -d nbsd_arc.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>When asked for "<tt>root device: </tt>", enter <b><tt>sd0</tt></b>.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdhpcmipsinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/hpcmips:</h3>
It is possible to install <a
href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> onto a disk
image, on an an emulated MobilePro 770 or 800. (MobilePro 780 and 880 might
work too, but I don't test those for every release of the emulator. They
have unaligned framebuffers, and run a bit slower.)
<p>
<a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-1_small.png"></a>
<a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a>
<p>
These instructions show an example of how to install
NetBSD/hpcmips on an emulated MobilePro 770:
<p>
<ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that you will install NetBSD/hpcmips onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_hpcmips.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the NetBSD/hpcmips 4.0.1 ISO image, a generic kernel,
and the installer kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/hpcmipscd-4.0.1.iso">hpcmipscd-4.0.1.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img -d b:hpcmipscd-4.0.1.iso netbsd.gz</b>
</pre>
and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
MobilePro 770. (Install onto wd0, choose "Use entire disk" when
doing the MBR partitioning, and choose to install from CD-ROM.)
</ol>
<p>(While it is possible to install and run NetBSD/hpcmips without the <tt>-X</tt>
command line option (i.e. using serial console), NetBSD 4.0.1's default
<tt>/etc/ttys</tt> file after a full install does not have
<tt>/dev/console</tt> enabled, so you need to edit <tt>/etc/ttys</tt>
before you reboot after the install, to be able to log in.)
<p>
If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
Use the following command line to boot the emulated hpcmips machine:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e mobilepro770 -X -d nbsd_hpcmips.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>When you have logged in as <tt>root</tt>, you can use <tt>startx</tt> to
start X Windows, but there is no mouse support yet so only keyboard input
is available. This makes it a bit akward to use X.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdcobaltinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/cobalt:</h3>
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> is tricky
to install, because the Cobalt machines were designed for Linux, and not
very flexible. There is no traditional INSTALL kernel for NetBSD/cobalt.
One way to install the NetBSD/cobalt distribution onto a disk image is to
do it from another (emulated) machine.
<p>
<a href="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-cobalt-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
<p>
The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/cobalt onto a disk
image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD/cobalt onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cobalt.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the generic kernel for Cobalt and the ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/cobaltcd-5.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/cobaltcd-5.0.iso</a>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_cobalt.img -d cobaltcd-5.0.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>newfs /dev/sd0c
mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0d / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>
You should now be able to boot NetBSD/cobalt like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -E cobalt -d nbsd_cobalt.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
Note that the installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0d</b>
dump device (default wd0b): <b>none</b>
file system (default generic): <b>ffs</b>
init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter here)</i>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdevbmipsinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/evbmips:</h3>
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/evbmips/">NetBSD/evbmips</a> can run
in GXemul on an emulated Malta evaluation board, with a 5Kc (MIPS64) or
4Kc (MIPS32) processor. 5Kc is the default.
<p>
<a href="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060812-netbsd-malta-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
<p>One way to install the NetBSD/evbmips distribution onto a disk
image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
<p>
The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbmips onto a disk
image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_malta.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the Malta kernel and the ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/evbmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/evbmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-MALTA.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/iso/evbmips-mipselcd-5.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/iso/evbmips-mipselcd-5.0.iso</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_malta.img -d evbmips-mipselcd-5.0.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [vt100]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>newfs /dev/sd0c
mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbmips using this command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e malta -d nbsd_malta.img netbsd-MALTA.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>NOTE: To select a 4Kc (MIPS32) CPU instead of the default 5Kc
(MIPS64) CPU, add <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> to the command line. With current
NetBSD design, however, there will be little or no difference in functionality, as
NetBSD still runs in 32-bit mode on 64-bit MIPS CPUs. There are two things
that differ:<ol>
<li>The dynamic translation core runs faster when emulating 32-bit
processors, so <tt><b>-C 4Kc</b></tt> might make things go faster.
<li>4Kc only has 16 TLB entries, whereas 5Kc has 48. This makes 4Kc
emulation slower in general, because there are more TLB misses.
</ol>
<p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
file system (default generic): <i>(just press enter)</i>
init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter)</i>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdalgorinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/algor:</h3>
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/algor/">NetBSD/algor</a> can
run in GXemul on an emulated Algorithmics P5064 evaluation board.
<p>
<a href="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1.png"><img src="20060814-netbsd-algor-3.0.1_small.png"></a>
<p>One way to install the NetBSD/algor distribution onto a disk
image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
<p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/algor onto a disk
image, from an emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD/algor onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_algor.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=700000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the P5064 Algor kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/algor/binary/kernel/netbsd-P5064.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/algorcd-3.1.iso</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_algor.img -d algorcd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>newfs /dev/sd0c
mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/algor using this command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e p5064 -d nbsd_algor.img netbsd-P5064.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>The installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
file system (default generic): <i>(just press enter)</i>
init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter)</i>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdsgimips"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/sgimips:</h3>
<p>
<a href="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0.png"><img src="20060623-netbsd-sgimips-3.0_small.png"></a>
<p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a> can run
in GXemul on an emulated O2 (SGI-IP32). However, GXemul does not yet
emulate the AHC PCI SCSI controller in the O2. (I have mailed Adaptec
several times, asking for documentation, but never received any reply.)
NetBSD can still run in the emulator, as long as it doesn't use SCSI.
<p>For a simple test with the ramdisk/install kernel, try
dowloading<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
</pre>and run <b><tt>gxemul -x -e o2 netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt></b>.
<p>It is possible to set up an environment for netbooting the emulated SGI
machine off of another emulated machine. Performing this setup is quite
time consuming, but necessary:
<p>
<ol>
<li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
<a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax from CDROM</a>.
(Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
<p>
<li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
</pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
inside the emulator:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>echo hostname=server >> /etc/rc.conf
echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo 10.0.0.254 > /etc/mygate
echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 > /etc/exports
echo rpcbind=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nfs_server=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo mountd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo bootparamd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" > /etc/bootparams
echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" >> /etc/inetd.conf
cat >> /etc/bootptab
client:\
:ht=ether:\
:ha=102030000010:\
:sm=255.0.0.0:\
:lg=10.0.0.254:\
:ip=10.0.0.1:\
:rp=/tftpboot:
</b>(press CTRL-D)
<b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" > /etc/ethers
echo 10.0.0.1 client > /etc/hosts
reboot</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>
<li>Download the files corresponding to a NetBSD/sgimips CD-ROM iso image, and the
GENERIC and INSTALL kernels:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>
wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/sets/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/sgimips/binary/sets/</a>
mkisofs -U -o sgimips.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0
</pre>
<li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d sgimips.iso</b>
</pre>and extract the files from the sgimips CD-ROM image to the
DECstation disk image:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 > /tftpboot/etc/fstab
echo rc_configured=YES >> /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
echo 10.0.0.254 >> /tftpboot/etc/mygate
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
echo rc_configured=YES >> /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>
<li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running NetBSD/sgimips diskless with
! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
<b>net(
add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("client machine")
serial_nr(1)
type("sgi")
subtype("o2")
load("netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz")</b>
! load("netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz")<b>
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
... and another configuration file for the server,
<tt>config_server</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>net(
local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("nfs server")
serial_nr(2)
type("dec")
subtype("5000/200")
disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>Boot the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" and the NetBSD/sgimips
"<tt>client machine</tt>" as two separate emulator instances:<pre>
in one xterm:
<b>gxemul @config_server</b>
and then, in another xterm:
<b>gxemul @config_client</b>
</pre>
<li>In the NetBSD/sgimips window, choose "<tt>x: Exit Install System</tt>"
in the installer's main menu, and then type:<pre>
<b>ifconfig mec0 10.0.0.1; route add default 10.0.0.254</b>
<b>mount -v 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot /mnt</b>
<b>cd /mnt/dev; ./MAKEDEV all; cd /; umount /mnt</b>
<b>halt</b>
</pre>Then, once the client machine has halted, log in as <tt>root</tt>
on the server machine and type <tt><b>reboot</b></tt>.
<p>
<li>Once everything has been set up correctly, change
<tt>netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</tt> in <tt>config_client</tt> to
<tt>netbsd-GENERIC32_IP3x.gz</tt> (the GENERIC kernel).
</ol>
<p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
actually does on the network.
<p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/sgimips using the NetBSD/pmax
nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
<b>gxemul @config_server</b>
<b>gxemul @config_client</b>
</pre>
<p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
the following values:<pre>
root device: <b>mec0</b>
dump device: <b>(leave blank)</b>
file system (default generic): <b>(leave blank)</b>
..
init path (default /sbin/init): <b>(leave blank)</b>
Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: <b>(leave blank)</b>
Terminal type? [unknown] <b>xterm</b>
..
# <b>exit</b> (to leave the single-user shell)
</pre>
<p>Note: Netbooting like this is very slow, so you need a lot of patience.
For example, when NetBSD says "<tt>nfs_boot: trying DHCP/BOOTP</tt>",
there will be a long pause, even on a very fast host machine. The reason
for this is mostly because the emulator doesn't deal with timing issues
very well, but also because NetBSD tries IPv6 first, before falling back
to IPv4.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdcatsinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/cats:</h3>
It is possible to install and run
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/cats/">NetBSD/cats</a> in GXemul.
<p>
<a href="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-netbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
<p>
To install NetBSD/cats onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that you will install NetBSD/cats onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the NetBSD/cats ISO image and the generic and install kernels:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/catscd-5.0.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/5.0/catscd-5.0.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-5.0/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img -d catscd-5.0.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
and proceed like you would do if you were installing NetBSD on a real
CATS from CDROM.
</ol>
<p>Note that there are <i>long</i> delays during bootup.
<p>Alternatively, to install from FTP, you can skip downloading the ISO,
and start the install without <tt>-d catscd-4.0.1.iso</tt>. Suitable network
settings are IP 10.0.0.1, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, netmask
255.0.0.0, nameserver 10.0.0.254.
<p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
Use the following command line to boot the emulated CATS machine:<pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_cats.img netbsd.aout-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdevbarminstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/evbarm:</h3>
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/evbarm/">NetBSD/evbarm</a> can
run in GXemul on an emulated IQ80321 evaluation board.
<p>
<a href="20060218-netbsd-evbarm.png"><img src="20060218-netbsd-evbarm_small.png"></a>
<p>It is tricky to install, because there is (as far as I know) no INSTALL
kernel. One way to install the NetBSD/evbarm distribution onto a disk
image is to install the files using another (emulated) machine.
<p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/evbarm onto a disk
image, from an emulated CATS machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/cats 3.1 ramdisk kernel:<pre>
<b>wget <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a></b>
</pre>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD/evbarm onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_iq80321.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download an IQ80321 kernel with wdc support, and the 2.1 ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/evbarm/binary/kernel/netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz">netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/evbarmcd.iso</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Now let's extract the files from the CD-ROM image onto the IQ80321's disk image. Start the
CATS machine using the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_iq80321.img -d evbarmcd.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>Exit from the installer, and execute the following commands as <tt>root</tt>:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>disklabel -I -i wd0</b>
(enter suitable commands, e.g. <i>a, 4.2BSD, 1c, 750M, b,
swap, a, 200M, P, W, y, Q</i>)
<b>newfs /dev/wd0a; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2; cd /mnt2
mount /dev/cd0a /mnt; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcegmt]*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" >> fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; sync; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/evbarm using this command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -E iq80321 -d nbsd_iq80321.img netbsd-wd0-IQ80321.gz</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdnetwinderinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/netwinder:</h3>
It is possible to run <a
href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/netwinder/">NetBSD/netwinder</a>
in GXemul.
<p>
<a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-1_small.png"></a>
<a href="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2.png"><img src="20060724-netbsd-netwinder-2_small.png"></a>
<p>There is no INSTALL ramdisk kernel, so one way to install the
NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image is to install the files
using another (emulated) machine. The following instructions will let you
install the NetBSD/netwinder distribution onto a disk image, from an
emulated DECstation 3MAX machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/pmax (DECstation) install RAMDISK kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_netwinder.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the generic kernel and the 3.1 ISO image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/netwinder/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/netwindercd-3.1.iso</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the emulated DECstation machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_netwinder.img -d netwindercd-3.1.iso netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>At the <tt>Terminal type? [rcons]</tt> prompt, type <b>CTRL-B</b>
to simulate a CTRL-C sent to NetBSD/pmax. Then execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>newfs /dev/sd0c
mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/sd0c /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/*.tgz; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0c / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>NetBSD/netwinder is now installed on the disk image. The following command
line can be used to start NetBSD/netwinder:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -E netwinder -d nbsd_netwinder.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>This will result in a 1024x768 framebuffer. Add <tt>-Y2</tt> to the
command line if you want to scale it down to 512x384.
<p>Note: The installation instructions above create a filesystem
<i>without</i> a disklabel, so there is only one ffs partition and no
swap. You will need to enter the following things when booting with the
generic kernel:<pre>
root device (default wd0a): <b>wd0c</b>
dump device (default wd0b): <i>(just press enter)</i>
file system (default generic): <i>(just press enter)</i>
init path (default /sbin/init): <i>(just press enter)</i>
</pre>
<p>Known bugs/problems:
<ul>
<li>There is a long delay when starting up NetBSD/netwinder
(several seconds even on a very fast host machine),
so you need to be patient.
<li>There is a minor bug in the keyboard device, so you need to
press a key (any key) before typing wd0c.
<li>When halting/rebooting NetBSD/netwinder, the emulator
prints a message saying something about an internal
error. This doesn't matter; ignore the message.
</ul>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdprepinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/prep:</h3>
It is possible to install and run <a
href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a> 2.1 in GXemul on
an emulated IBM 6050 (PowerPC) machine. (Newer versions of NetBSD/prep use
the wdc controller in a way which isn't implemented in GXemul yet, or
there are bugs in GXemul's PowerPC CPU emulation.)
<p>
<a href="20051123-netbsd-prep.png"><img src="20051123-netbsd-prep_small.png"></a>
<p>To install NetBSD/prep onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that you will install NetBSD/prep onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_prep.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the NetBSD/prep 2.1 ISO image and the generic kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/2.1/prepcd.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.1/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img -d rdb:prepcd.iso -j prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Installation is a bit unsmooth, possibly due to bugs in GXemul,
possibly due to bugs in NetBSD itself; others have been having
problems on real hardware: <a href="http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html">http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-prep/2005/11/25/0004.html</a>.
Creating an MBR slice and a disklabel with sysinst bugs out, so
some things have to be done manually:<p>
At "<tt>(I)nstall, (S)hell, or (H)alt</tt>", choose
<tt><b><u>s</u></b></tt>.
<br><tt># <b><u>fdisk -u wd0</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n]</tt>
(just press <b>ENTER</b>)
<br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none] <b><u>0</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>sysid: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
<br><tt>start: ... <b><u>1cyl</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>size: ... </tt> (just press <B>ENTER</b>)
<br><tt>Which partition do you want to change?: [none]</tt> (press <b>ENTER</b>)
<br><tt>Should we write new partition table? [n] <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
<br><tt># <b><u>disklabel -I -i wd0</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>partition> <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>4.2BSD</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>1c</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>900M</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>partition> <b><u>b</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Filesystem type [?] [unused]: <b><u>swap</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>a</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [0c, 0s, 0M]: <b><u>$</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>partition> <b><u>W</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>Label disk [n]? <b><u>y</u></b></tt>
<br><tt>partition> <b><u>Q</u></b></tt>
<br><tt># <b><u>newfs wd0a</u></b></tt>
<br><tt># <b><u>sysinst</u></b></tt>
<br>Choose to install onto <b>wd0</b>. Choose
"<tt>a: Edit the MBR partition table</tt>"
when presented with that option.
<br>Choose the 'a' partition/slice,
set the 'e' ("active") and 'f' ("install") fields to <b>Yes</b>,
and then choose "<tt>x: Partition table OK</tt>".
<br>Choose "<tt>b: Use existing partition sizes</tt>" in the next
menu.
<br>Select partition 'a' and press ENTER. Set field 'k' (mount point)
to '<tt><b>/</b></tt>'.
<br>Get out of the partitioner by selecting
"<tt>x: Partition sizes ok</tt>" twice.
<br>At "<tt>Write outside MBR partition? [n]:</tt>", just press
<b>ENTER</b>.
<br>Install from CD-ROM, device <b>wd1c</b>.
</ol>
<p>If everything worked, NetBSD should now be installed on the disk image.
Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e ibm6050 -d nbsd_prep.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>When asked which the root device is, type <tt><b>wd0</b></tt> and
just press ENTER to select the default values for dump device, file
system type, and init path.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdmacppcinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/macppc:</h3>
It is possible to install and run <a
href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a> in GXemul on
an emulated generic PowerPC machine. No specific Machintosh model is
emulated, but it is enough to for NetBSD to recognize it.
<p>
<a href="20070318-netbsd-macppc.png"><img src="20070318-netbsd-macppc_small.png"></a>
<p>To install NetBSD/macppc onto a disk image, follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol start="1">
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that you will install NetBSD/macppc onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_macppc.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=3000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the NetBSD/macppc 4.0.1 ISO image and a generic kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/macppccd-4.0.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/macppccd-4.0.1.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz">netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img -d b:macppccd-4.0.1.iso -j macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL</b>
</pre>
and continue as you would do when installing NetBSD on a real
machine.
</ol>
<p>If everything worked, NetBSD/macppc should now be installed on
the disk image.
<p>Use the following command line to boot the emulated machine:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -e g4 -d nbsd_macppc.img netbsd-GENERIC.MP.gz</b>
</pre>
<p>If asked about <tt>root device</tt>, enter <tt><b>wd0</b></tt>.
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdpmppc"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/pmppc:</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/pmppc/">NetBSD/pmppc</a> can
run in GXemul on an emulated Artesyn PM/PPC board. Currently, no SCSI or other
disk controller is emulated for this machine type, but it is possible to run
NetBSD with root-on-nfs.
<p>
<a href="20070616-netbsd-pmppc-diskless.png"><img src="20070616-netbsd-pmppc-diskless_small.png"></a>
<p>These setup steps will let you run NetBSD/pmppc with root-on-nfs:
<p>
<ol>
<li>First of all, the "<tt>nfs server</tt>" machine must be set up.
This needs to have a 750 MB <tt>/tftpboot</tt> partition.
<a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">Install NetBSD/pmax 3.1 from CDROM</a>.
(Don't forget to add the extra partition!)
<p>
<li>Configure the nfs server machine to act as an nfs server.
Start up the emulated DECstation:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img</b>
</pre>and enter the following commands as <tt>root</tt>
inside the emulator:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>echo hostname=server >> /etc/rc.conf
echo ifconfig_le0=\"inet 10.0.0.2\" >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /etc/resolv.conf
echo 10.0.0.254 > /etc/mygate
echo /tftpboot -maproot=root 10.0.0.1 > /etc/exports
echo rpcbind=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo nfs_server=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo mountd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
echo bootparamd=YES >> /etc/rc.conf
printf "client root=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot \\\n swap=10.0.0.2:/tftpboot/swap\n" > /etc/bootparams
echo "bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/bootpd bootpd -d 4 -h 10.0.0.2" >> /etc/inetd.conf
cat >> /etc/bootptab
client:\
:ht=ether:\
:ha=102030000010:\
:sm=255.0.0.0:\
:lg=10.0.0.254:\
:ip=10.0.0.1:\
:rp=/tftpboot:
</b>(press CTRL-D)
<b>echo "10:20:30:00:00:10 client" > /etc/ethers
echo 10.0.0.1 client > /etc/hosts
reboot</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>
<li>Download the NetBSD/pmppc CD-ROM iso image, and the GENERIC kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmppccd-3.1.iso">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/3.1/pmppccd-3.1.iso</a>
<a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-PMPPC.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-3.1/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-PMPPC.gz</a>
</pre>
<li>Start the DECstation emulation again:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d nbsd_pmax.img -d pmppccd-3.1.iso</b>
</pre>and extract the files from the PM/PPC CD-ROM image to the
DECstation disk image:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>cd /tftpboot; mount /dev/cd0a /mnt
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcemt]*; do echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
echo 10.0.0.2:/tftpboot / nfs rw 0 0 > /tftpboot/etc/fstab
echo rc_configured=YES >> /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
echo 10.0.0.254 >> /tftpboot/etc/mygate
echo nameserver 10.0.0.254 >> /tftpboot/etc/resolv.conf
echo rc_configured=YES >> /tftpboot/etc/rc.conf
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1024 count=65536
cd /tftpboot/dev; sh MAKEDEV all
cd /; umount /mnt; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>
<li>Create a configuration file called <tt>config_client</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<font color="#2020cf">! Configuration file for running NetBSD/pmppc diskless with
! a NetBSD/pmax machine as the nfs server.</font>
<b>net(
add_remote("localhost:12444") </b>! the server<b>
local_port(12445) </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("client machine")
serial_nr(1)
type("pmppc")
load("netbsd-PMPPC.gz")</b>
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
... and another configuration file for the server,
<tt>config_server</tt>:
<table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>net(
local_port(12444) </b>! the server<b>
add_remote("localhost:12445") </b>! the client<b>
)
machine(
name("nfs server")
serial_nr(2)
type("dec")
subtype("5000/200")
disk("nbsd_pmax.img")
)
</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>It should now be possible to boot NetBSD/pmppc using the NetBSD/pmax
nfs server, using the following commands: (NOTE! Execute these two
commands in separate xterms!)<pre>
<b>gxemul @config_server</b>
<b>gxemul @config_client</b>
</pre>
<p>You might want to log in as <tt>root</tt> on the server machine, and
run <tt>tcpdump -lnvv</tt> or similar, to see that what the client machine
actually does on the network.
<p>When asked for "<tt>root device:</tt>" etc. on the client machine, enter
the following values:<pre>
root device: <b>tlp0</b>
dump device: <b>(leave blank)</b>
file system (default generic): <b>(leave blank)</b>
..
init path (default /sbin/init): <b>(leave blank)</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/landisk:</h3>
<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/ports/landisk/">NetBSD/landisk</a> can
run in GXemul.
<p>
<a href="20070224-netbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20070224-netbsd-landisk_small.png"></a>
<p>The NetBSD/landisk distribution does not include any INSTALL kernel,
so it must be installed using another (emulated) machine.
<p>The following instructions will let you install NetBSD/landisk onto a disk
image, using an emulated CATS machine:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download a NetBSD/cats install kernel:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/cats/binary/kernel/netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</a>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the disk image
that you will install NetBSD/landisk onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=nbsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=900000</b>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Download NetBSD/landisk and make an iso image of it:<pre>
<b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/landisk">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/landisk</a>
cp ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1/landisk/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz .
mkisofs -U -o landisk.iso ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0.1</b>
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the emulated CATS machine like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d nbsd_landisk.img -d landisk.iso netbsd.aout-INSTALL.gz</b>
</pre>
<li>Exit the installer, then execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>disklabel -i -I wd0</b> (for example 'a', '4.2BSD', '1c',
'700M', 'b', 'swap', '701M', '$', 'P', 'W', 'y', and 'Q')
<b>newfs /dev/wd0a
mount /dev/cd0c /mnt
mkdir /mnt2; mount /dev/wd0a /mnt2
cd /mnt2; sh
ls -R /mnt
for a in /mnt/*/binary/sets/[bcekmt]*.tgz; do ls -R /mnt > /dev/null; echo $a; tar zxfp $a; done
exit
cd dev; sh ./MAKEDEV all; cd ../etc
echo rc_configured=YES >> rc.conf
echo "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1" > fstab
echo "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0" >> fstab
cd /; umount /mnt; umount /mnt2; halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>NOTE: For some reason, reading the iso image created by mkisofs does
not work as expected. The "ls -R /mnt" commands included above seem
to make it work. (Yes, this is a serious bug, but I am not sure how
to diagnose it.)
<p>You should now be able to boot NetBSD/landisk using this command:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d nbsd_landisk.img netbsd-GENERIC.gz</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="netbsddreamcast"></a>
<h3>NetBSD/dreamcast:</h3>
Moved <a href="dreamcast.html#netbsd_generic_md">here</a>.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdpmaxinstall"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/pmax:</h3>
Installing <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> is
a bit harder than installing NetBSD/pmax. You should first read the <a
href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">section above</a> on how to install NetBSD/pmax,
before continuing here. If you have never installed OpenBSD on any
architecture, then you need a great deal of patience to do this. If, on
the other hand you are used to installing OpenBSD, then this should be no
problem for you.
<p>
<a href="20040710-openbsd-pmax.png"><img src="20040710-openbsd-pmax_small.png"></a>
<a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a>
<p>
OpenBSD/pmax died at release 2.8 of OpenBSD, so you should be
aware of the fact that this will not give you an up-to-date OpenBSD
system.
<p>
Following these instructions <i>might</i> work. If not, then use
common sense and imagination to modify them as you see fit.
<p>
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_pmax.img bs=1 count=512 seek=900000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the entire pmax directory from the ftp server: (approx. 99 MB)<pre>
<b>wget -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/</a></b>
</pre>
<li>Execute the following commands:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>mv ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/simpleroot28.fs.gz .
gunzip simpleroot28.fs.gz
chmod +w simpleroot28.fs</b> <--- make sure
</pre></td></tr></table>
<li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
(I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
<b>mkisofs -o openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax</b>
<b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b> <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator with all three (!) disk images:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d b:simpleroot28.fs -j bsd -d c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso</b>
</pre>
(If you add <tt>-X</tt>, you will run with the graphical
framebuffer. This is <i>REALLY</i> slow because the console has to
scroll a lot during the install. I don't recommend it.)
<p>
<li>Go on with the installation as you would do if you were installing on a real machine.
If you are not used to the OpenBSD installer, then this will most likely
be a very uncomfortable experience. Some important things to keep in mind are:
<ul>
<li>rz0 is the rootdisk you wish to install onto.
<li>rz1 is the simpleroot image.
<li>rz2 is the CDROM containing the "install sets".
<li>When asked for the "<b>root device?</b>", enter <b>rz1</b>.
<li>At "<b>Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh:</b>", press enter.
<li>At the # prompt, do the following:<pre>
<b>fsck /dev/rz1a</b> (and mark the filesystem as clean)
<b>mount /dev/rz1a /</b>
<b>mkdir /kern</b>
<b>mkdir /mnt2</b>
<b>mount -t kernfs kern kern</b>
<b>./install</b>
</pre>
and proceed with the install. Good luck. :-)
<li>Answer "<b>y</b>" when asked if you wish to configure the network.
(See the section about installing NetBSD/pmax for suitable
network settings.)
<li>Install from "<b>c</b>" (cdrom), choose "<b>rz2</b>" as the cdrom device, and "<b>/</b>" as
the directory containing the install sets.
</ul>
<p>
<li>For some unknown reason, the install script does not set the root
password! The first time you boot up OpenBSD after the install, you
need to go into single user mode and run <b>passwd root</b> to set
the root password, or you will not be able to log in at all!<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -d obsd_pmax.img -d 2c:openbsd_pmax_2.8.iso -j bsd -o '-s'</b>
</pre>
While you are at it, you might want to extract the X11 install sets
as well, as the installer seems to ignore them too. (Perhaps due to a bug
in the installer, perhaps because of the way I used mkisofs.)
<p>
Execute the following commands in the emulator:
<p><table border="0"><tr><td><tt> </tt></td><td><pre>
<b>fsck /dev/rz0a
mount /
passwd root
cd /; mount -t cd9660 /dev/rz2c /mnt; sh
for a in /mnt/[xX]*; do tar zxvf $a; done
ln -s /usr/X11R6/bin/Xcfbpmax /usr/X11R6/bin/X
ln -s /dev/fb0 /dev/mouse
echo /usr/X11R6/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
sync
halt</b>
</pre></td></tr></table>
</ol>
<p>
NOTE: It is also possible to install via ftp instead of using a CDROM image.
This is not much less awkward, you still need the simpleroot filesystem
image, and you still have to manually add the X11 install sets and set the
root password, and so on.
<p>
Once you have completed the installation procedure, the following command
will let you boot from the new rootdisk image:
<pre>
<b>gxemul -e 3max -X -o '-aN' -d obsd_pmax.img -j bsd</b>
</pre>
<p>
(Normally, you would be asked about which root device to use (<tt>rz0</tt>),
but using <b><tt>-o '-aN'</tt></b> supresses that.)
<p>
When asked for which terminal type to use, when logging in as root,
enter <b><tt>rcons</tt></b> if you are using the graphical framebuffer,
<b><tt>vt100</tt></b> for text-mode.
<br>Use <b><tt>startx</tt></b> to start X windows.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdcatsinstall"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/cats:</h3>
It is possible to install and run
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">OpenBSD/cats</a>
in GXemul. Unfortunately, "The OpenBSD/cats port has been discontinued
after the 4.0 release." according to
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html">http://www.openbsd.org/cats.html</a>,
but 4.0 should run fine.
<p>
<a href="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed.png"><img src="20051007-openbsd-cats-installed_small.png"></a>
<p>To install OpenBSD/cats onto an emulated harddisk image,
follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_cats.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the entire cats directory from the ftp server:<pre>
<b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/</a></b>
<b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd .</b>
<b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.0/cats/bsd.rd .</b>
</pre>
(Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
increased download speed.)
<p>
<li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
(I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
<b>mkisofs -allow-lowercase -o openbsd_cats_4.0.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
<b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b> <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img -d openbsd_cats_4.0.iso bsd.rd</b>
</pre>
and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
on a real CATS. (Install onto <tt>wd0</tt>, don't configure the
network, install from CD.)
</ol>
<p>(Although it <i>is</i> possible to configure the network, IPv4 address
10.0.0.1, netmask 255.0.0.0, gateway/default route 10.0.0.254, and
nameserver 10.0.0.254, the userland NAT-like networking layer is not
stable enough yet to support a full install via ftp.)
<p><b>NOTE:</b> Make sure that you <tt>sync</tt> and <tt>reboot</tt>
correctly once the installation is finished, or the <tt>/dev</tt> nodes
may not have been written correctly to disk.
<p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
boot from the harddisk image:
<p><pre>
<b>gxemul -XEcats -d obsd_cats.img bsd</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdlandiskinstall"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
It is possible to install and run
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/landisk.html">OpenBSD/landisk</a>
in GXemul.
<p>
<a href="20081103-openbsd-landisk.png"><img src="20081103-openbsd-landisk-small.png"></a>
<p>To install OpenBSD/landisk onto an emulated harddisk image,
follow these instructions:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_landisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=2000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the entire landisk directory from the ftp server:<pre>
<b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/landisk/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/landisk/</a></b>
<b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/landisk/bsd .</b>
<b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/landisk/bsd.rd .</b>
</pre>
(Replace ftp.se.openbsd.org with a server closer to you, for
increased download speed.)
<p>
<li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
(I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
<b>mkisofs -U -o openbsd_landisk_4.5.iso ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
<b>rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b> <i>(this directory is not needed anymore)</i>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img -d d:openbsd_landisk_4.5.iso bsd.rd</b>
</pre>
and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
on a real landisk. The following hints are useful to get you
through the installation:
<ul>
<li>Terminal type = <b>xterm</b>
<li>root disk = <b>wd0</b> (the disk to install onto)
<li>Use the entire disk for OpenBSD = <b>yes</b>
<li>Create one big root partition (a) and a small swap partition (b). c is the entire disk.
<li>Do <b>not</b> configure the network. (The Realtek NIC
found in the Landisk machine is not implemented yet
in the emulator.)
<li>Location of sets = <b>disk</b>
<li>Is the disk partition already mounted = <b>no</b>
<li>Disk containing the install media = <b>wd1</b>
<li>Pathname to the sets = <b>4.5/landisk</b>
</ul>
</ol>
<p>Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
boot from the disk image:
<p><pre>
<b>gxemul -x -E landisk -d obsd_landisk.img bsd</b>
</pre>
<p>As with most emulation modes in GXemul, the NIC in this machine is
not emulated yet. If you want to transfer files to/from the emulated
landisk machine, see
<a href="misc.html#filexfer">this chapter</a> in the documentation.
<p><br>
<a name="openbsdmvme88kinstall"></a>
<h3>OpenBSD/mvme88k:</h3>
It is possible to run <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/mvme88k.html">OpenBSD/mvme88k</a>
on an emulated Motorola MVME187 machine in the emulator.
<p>To install OpenBSD/mvme88k onto an emulated harddisk image, follow these
instructions:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that OpenBSD installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=obsd_mvme88k.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=1900000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download the entire mvme88k directory from the ftp server:<pre>
<b>wget -np -l 0 -r <a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/mvme88k/">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/mvme88k/</a></b>
</pre>
<li>You now need to make an ISO image of the entire directory you downloaded.
(I recommend using <tt>mkisofs</tt> for that purpose. If you don't
already have <tt>mkisofs</tt> installed on your system, you need
to install it in order to do this.)<pre>
<b>mkisofs -o openbsd_mvme88k_4.5.iso -U ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/</b>
</pre>
<li>Copy away the kernel, we'll need it later. But remove the rest of the
downloaded tree.<pre>
<b>cp ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.5/mvme88k/bsd .
rm -rf ftp.se.openbsd.org</b>
</pre>
<li>Start the emulator using this command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -e mvme187 -d obsd_mvme88k.img -d b:openbsd_mvme88k_4.5.iso -j 4.5/mvme88k/bsd.rd</b>
</pre>
and proceed like you would do if you were installing OpenBSD
on a real MVME187. There is a problem with finding the filesystem on
the CDROM, since there is no disklabel [and/or because the emulator
perhaps does not simulate CDROM TOCs well enough], but it's possible
to mount
the filesystem using manual intervention. Here is an example (from 4.4) of what
an install can look like: (user input in <font color="#0000ff"><i>blue italic</i></font>)<pre>
CPU0 is associated to 2 MC88200 CMMUs
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1995-2008 OpenBSD. All rights reserved. http://www.OpenBSD.org
OpenBSD 4.4 (RAMDISK) #19: Sun Aug 10 21:03:44 GMT 2008
root@arzon.gentiane.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/mvme88k/compile/RAMDISK
real mem = 67108864 (64MB)
avail mem = 56791040 (54MB)
mainbus0 at root: Motorola MVME187, 33MHz
cpu0: M88100 rev 0x3, 2 CMMU
cpu0: M88200 (16K) rev 0x9, full Icache, M88200 (16K) rev 0x9, full Dcache
pcctwo0 at mainbus0 addr 0xfff00000: rev 0
nvram0 at pcctwo0 offset 0xc0000: MK48T08
cl0 at pcctwo0 offset 0x45000 ipl 3: console
osiop0 at pcctwo0 offset 0x47000 ipl 2: NCR53C710 rev 2, 66MHz
scsibus0 at osiop0: 8 targets, initiator 7
osiop0: target 0 ignored sync request
osiop0: target 0 now using 8 bit asynch xfers
sd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: <GXemul, obsd_mvme88k.im, 0> SCSI2 0/direct fixed
sd0: 1855MB, 1855 cyl, 16 head, 128 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 3800003 sec total
osiop0: target 1 ignored sync request
osiop0: target 1 now using 8 bit asynch xfers
cd0 at scsibus0 targ 1 lun 0: <GXemul, openbsd_mvme88k, 0> SCSI2 5/cdrom removable
vme0 at pcctwo0 offset 0x40000
vme0: using BUG parameters
vme0: vme to cpu irq level 1:1
vmes0 at vme0
rd0: fixed, 4096 blocks
boot device: <unknown>
root on rd0a swap on rd0b dump on rd0b
WARNING: clock gained 138 days -- CHECK AND RESET THE DATE!
erase ^?, werase ^W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T
(I)nstall, (U)pgrade or (S)hell? <font color="#0000ff"><i>i</i></font>
Welcome to the OpenBSD/mvme88k 4.4 install program.
This program will help you install OpenBSD. At any prompt except password
prompts you can escape to a shell by typing '!'. Default answers are shown
in []'s and are selected by pressing RETURN. At any time you can exit this
program by pressing Control-C, but exiting during an install can leave your
system in an inconsistent state.
Terminal type? [vt100] <font color="#0000ff"><i>xterm</i></font>
IS YOUR DATA BACKED UP? As with anything that modifies disk contents, this
program can cause SIGNIFICANT data loss.
It is often helpful to have the installation notes handy. For complex disk
configurations, relevant disk hardware manuals and a calculator are useful.
Proceed with install? [no] <font color="#0000ff"><i>yes</i></font>
Cool! Let's get to it.
You will now initialize the disk(s) that OpenBSD will use. To enable all
available security features you should configure the disk(s) to allow the
creation of separate filesystems for /, /tmp, /var, /usr, and /home.
Available disks are: sd0.
Which one is the root disk? (or 'done') [sd0] <font color="#0000ff"><i>sd0</i></font>
osiop0: target 0 ignored sync request
osiop0: target 0 now using 8 bit asynch xfers
Initial label editor (enter '?' for help at any prompt)
> <font color="#0000ff"><i>a a</i></font>
offset: [0] <font color="#0000ff"><i>63</i></font>
size: [3799940] <font color="#0000ff"><i>3500000</i></font>
FS type: [4.2BSD]
mount point: [none] <font color="#0000ff"><i>/</i></font>
> <font color="#0000ff"><i>a b</i></font>
offset: [3500063]
size: [299940]
FS type: [swap]
> <font color="#0000ff"><i>w</i></font>
> <font color="#0000ff"><i>q</i></font>
No label changes.
No more disks to initialize.
OpenBSD filesystems:
sd0a /
The next step *DESTROYS* all existing data on these partitions!
Are you really sure that you're ready to proceed? [no] <font color="#0000ff"><i>yes</i></font>
/dev/rsd0a: 1709.0MB in 3500000 sectors of 512 bytes
9 cylinder groups of 202.47MB, 12958 blocks, 25984 inodes each
/dev/sd0a on /mnt type ffs (rw, asynchronous, local, ctime=Thu Jan 1 16:29:57 2009)
System hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo') <font color="#0000ff"><i>test</i></font>
Configure the network? [yes] <font color="#0000ff"><i>no</i></font>
Password for root account? (will not echo)
Password for root account? (again)
Let's install the sets!
Location of sets? (cd disk ftp http nfs or 'done') [cd] <font color="#0000ff"><i>disk</i></font>
Is the disk partition already mounted? [no] <font color="#0000ff"><i>!mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt2</i></font>
osiop0: target 1 ignored sync request
osiop0: target 1 now using 8 bit asynch xfers
Is the disk partition already mounted? [no] <font color="#0000ff"><i>yes</i></font>
Pathname to the sets? (or 'done') [4.4/mvme88k] <font color="#0000ff"><i>/mnt2/4.4/mvme88k</i></font>
Select sets by entering a set name, a file name pattern or 'all'. De-select
sets by prepending a '-' to the set name, file name pattern or 'all'. Selected
sets are labelled '[X]'.
[X] bsd
[X] bsd.rd
[ ] bsd.mp
[X] base44.tgz
[X] etc44.tgz
[X] misc44.tgz
[X] comp44.tgz
[X] man44.tgz
[X] game44.tgz
[ ] xbase44.tgz
[ ] xetc44.tgz
[ ] xshare44.tgz
[ ] xfont44.tgz
[ ] xserv44.tgz
Set name? (or 'done') [bsd.mp] <font color="#0000ff"><i>done</i></font>
Ready to install sets? [yes] <font color="#0000ff"><i>yes</i></font>
Getting bsd ...
100% |**************************************************| 2329 KB 01:21
Getting bsd.rd ...
100% |**************************************************| 3150 KB 01:48
Getting base44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 87686 KB 11:56
Getting etc44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 629 KB 00:14
Getting misc44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 2866 KB 00:37
Getting comp44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 38869 KB 06:19
Getting man44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 6967 KB 01:50
Getting game44.tgz ...
100% |**************************************************| 7037 KB 01:16
Location of sets? (cd disk ftp http nfs or 'done') [done] <font color="#0000ff"><i>done</i></font>
Start sshd(8) by default? [yes] <font color="#0000ff"><i>yes</i></font>
Start ntpd(8) by default? [no] <font color="#0000ff"><i>no</i></font>
Saving configuration files...done.
Generating initial host.random file...done.
What timezone are you in? ('?' for list) [Canada/Mountain] <font color="#0000ff"><i>Europe/Stockholm</i></font>
Setting local timezone to 'Europe/Stockholm'...done.
Making all device nodes...done.
Installing boot block...
boot: /mnt/boot
proto: /mnt/usr/mdec/bootxx
device: /dev/rsd0a
cdevice: /dev/rsd0c
modifying vid.
/mnt/usr/mdec/bootxx: entry point 0x9f0000
proto bootblock size 5120
room for 64 filesystem blocks at 0x9f1198
Will load 2 blocks of size 16384 each.
0: 17696
1: 17728
CONGRATULATIONS! Your OpenBSD install has been successfully completed!
To boot the new system, enter halt at the command prompt. Once the
system has halted, reset the machine and boot from the disk.
# <font color="#0000ff"><i>umount /mnt</i></font>
# <font color="#0000ff"><i>halt</i></font>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>
Once the install has finished, the following command should let you
boot from the harddisk image:
<pre>
<b>gxemul -e mvme187 -d obsd_mvme88k.img bsd</b>
</pre>
<p>When asked about root disk, enter <tt><b>sd0</b></tt>.
<p>No NIC has been implemented yet for mvme187, so there is no network connectivity
from within the guest OS.
<p><br>
<a name="helenos"></a>
<h3>HelenOS:</h3>
<a href="http://www.helenos.org/">HelenOS</a> can run in GXemul's
<tt>testarm</tt> and <tt>testmips</tt> machine modes.
<p>To run HelenOS for ARM in GXemul:
<ol>
<li>Download the HelenOS kernel:<pre>
<a href="http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.4.0-arm32-gxemul.boot">http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.4.0-arm32-gxemul.boot</a>
</pre>
<li>Start GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -E testarm HelenOS-0.4.0-arm32-gxemul.boot</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>To run HelenOS for MIPS in GXemul:
<ol>
<li>Download the HelenOS kernel:<pre>
<a href="http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.4.0-mips32-gxemul.boot">http://www.helenos.org/releases/HelenOS-0.4.0-mips32-gxemul.boot</a>
</pre>
<li>Start GXemul using the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -E testmips -C 5Kc HelenOS-0.4.0-mips32-gxemul.boot</b>
</pre>
(Note the <tt>-C 5Kc</tt> option. HelenOS depends on the fact that
the MIPS rdhwr instruction should trigger an 'invalid opcode'
exception, and the default testmips CPU (5KE) does not treat this
as an invalid opcode. It is valid, but not yet implemented.)
</ol>
<p>Once the kernel has booted, you can press e.g. F3 to get to the
command line shell, or F12 + Enter to enter the kernel console.
<p><br>
<a name="ultrixinstall"></a>
<h3>Ultrix/RISC:</h3>
Ultrix 4.x can run in GXemul on an emulated DECstation 5000/200.
(Ultrix was the native OS for these machines, but
<a href="#netbsdpmaxinstall">NetBSD/pmax</a> is also usable.)
<p>
<a href="20040504-ultrix45-boot1.png"><img src="20040504-ultrix45-boot1_small.png"></a>
<a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.png"></a>
<p>
The following instructions should let you install Ultrix onto a disk image:
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that Ultrix installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=rootdisk.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=800000</b>
</pre>
<li>Place your Ultrix installation media in your CDROM drive.
(On FreeBSD and similar systems, it is called <tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>.
Replace that with the name of your CDROM drive, or the name of a
.iso image file.) Then, start the emulator like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d bc:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
</pre>
<li>Once the first stage of the installation is done (restoring the root
filesystem), you need to restart the emulator, booting from the
new rootdisk, to continue the installation process.
This is done by removing the bootflag ('<tt>b</tt>') from the second
diskimage argument:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -d rootdisk.img -d c:/dev/cd0c -j vmunix</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>
When the installation is completed, the following command should start
Ultrix from the harddisk image:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -j vmunix -d rootdisk.img</b>
</pre>
<p>If you have a very fast host machine, you might experience a weird
timer related bug, which makes it impossible to logon to the system. It is
triggered when the emulation goes faster than any real DECstation machine
was capable of running. A temporary workaround is to add
<b><tt>-I33000000</tt></b> to fix the emulated clock speed to 33 million
instructions per emulated second.
<p>If the workaround above doesn't work, you can also start up other
processes on the host, apart from the emulator, so that the emulator runs
more slowly. This is an ugly workaround, but seems to work. Once you have
logged in into Ultrix, you can kill the extra processes.
<p>You can experiment with adding <b><tt>-Z2</tt></b> (for emulating a
dual-headed workstation) or even <b><tt>-Z3</tt></b> (tripple-headed), and
also the <b><tt>-Y2</tt></b> option for scaling down the framebuffer
windows by a factor 2x2.
There is also a <b><tt>-z</tt></b> option for supplying names of X11
displays to use. The following example starts Ultrix on an emulated
tripple-headed workstation, on three different displays (<tt>remote1:0.0</tt>,
<tt>localhost:0.0</tt>, and <tt>remote2:0.0</tt>), using no scaledown:<pre>
<b>gxemul -N -e 3max -jgenvmunix -d rootdisk.img \
-XZ3 -z remote1:0.0 -z localhost:0.0 -z remote2:0.0</b>
</pre>
<p>The photo below shows a single Ultrix session running tripple-headed in
GXemul on an Alpha 21164PC, with displays on a Sun Ultra1 (to the left),
on the Alpha itself (in the middle), and on an HP700/RX X-terminal (8-bit
color depth, running off the Alpha) to the right.
<p>
<a href="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead.jpg"><img src="20041209-ultrix-tripplehead_small.jpg"></a>
<p>The X11 displays may differ in bit depth and endianness. Unfortunately,
there is no way yet to set the scaledown factor on a per-window basis, so
the scaledown factor affects all windows.
<p>(If you didn't use <tt><b>-Z<i>n</i></b></tt> during the installation, and
compiled your own <tt>/vmunix</tt>, then it will not contain support for
multiple graphics cards. To overcome this problem, use the generic kernel,
<tt><b>-j genvmunix</b></tt>, whenever you are running the emulator with a
different setup than the one you used when Ultrix was installed.)
<p>A note for the historically interested: OSF/1 for MIPS was quite similar
to Ultrix, so that is possible to run as well. If you are unsuccessful
in installing Ultrix or OSF/1 directly in the emulator, you can always
install it on your real machine onto a real SCSI disk, and then copy the
contents of that SCSI disk into a file (using <b><tt>dd(1)</tt></b>), and use
that file as a disk image file in the emulator.
<p><br>
<a name="sprite"></a>
<h3>Sprite for DECstation:</h3>
Sprite was a research operating system at the University of Berkeley.
A copy of a Sprite harddisk image for a DECstation 5000/200 is still
available. If you want to find out more about Sprite in general, read
<a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html</a>.
<p>
<a href="20040711-sprite-1.png"><img src="20040711-sprite-1_small.png"></a>
<a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a>
<p>
The following instructions should let you run Sprite in the emulator:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Download the Sprite harddisk image:<pre>
<a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/os/cluster/Sprite/">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/os/cluster/Sprite</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/os/cluster/Sprite/ds5000.bt">ds5000.bt</a>
83973120 bytes, MD5 = ec84eeeb20fe77b758370d5e312e4a5e
</pre>
<p>(A big thank you to José R. Valverde for maintaining the OS archives
at ftp.embnet.org.)
<li>Start the emulator with the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e 3max -M128 -d ds5000.bt -j vmsprite -o ''</b>
</pre>
</ol>
<p>The first time you boot up with the disk image, you will be asked a number
of questions regarding network settings. If you feel like entering correct
values, then you should use the following:
<p><pre>
Your machine's Ethernet address: 10:20:30:00:00:10
Your machine's IP: 10.0.0.1
Subnet mask: 0xff000000
Gateway's Ethernet address: 60:50:40:30:20:10
Gateway's IP: 10.0.0.254
</pre>
<p>
Unfortunately, at the end of <a href="ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/os/cluster/Sprite/boot.txt">ftp://ftp.es.embnet.org/pub/misc/os/cluster/Sprite/boot.txt</a>,
the following sad statement can be found:
<pre>
The bootable Sprite image is meant to be a demonstration of Sprite, not
a robust Sprite system. There are several missing things, such as
floating point and network support.
</pre>
<p>Once you are logged in as root, running <b><tt>xinit</tt></b> will
start the X11 environment.
<p><br>
<a name="declinux"></a>
<h3>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation:</h3>
It is possible to run Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation in the emulator,
on an emulated 5000/200 ("3max"). However, just choosing any
Linux/DECstation kernel at random for the installation will not work.
<p><ul>
<li>Linux 2.4/DECstation DZ serial console output doesn't work too well in
GXemul. Linux oopses randomly, which may be due to bugs in GXemul,
but may also be due to bugs in the serial controller code in Linux.
(The speed at which serial interrupts are generated can be
lowered with the <tt>-U</tt> command line option, but it only
reduces the risk, it doesn't take away the oopses completely.)
<li>The Linux 2.6/DECstation DZ serial console driver doesn't work at
all in the emulator, and I'm not really sure it would work on a
real 5000/200 either. Hopefully this will be fixed in Linux in
the future.
<li>To get around the serial console problem, the obvious solution is to
use a graphical framebuffer instead. Old Debian install kernels
supported the graphical framebuffer on the 3max, but not the
keyboard. (This has been fixed now, it seems.)
<li>For quite some time, the MIPS linux cvs tree has had support for the
framebuffer and keyboard, but it did not include Debian's
patches for networking, which made it unusable for network
installs. (Possibly fixed now.)
<li>The kernel has to be for 5000/200. This rules out using
the default kernel on netinst ISO images provided by Debian.
These ISO images boot directly into a kernel which is meant
for a different DECstation model.
<li>The kernel has to have an initrd which more or less matches the
version of Debian that will be installed.
</ul>
<p>Luckily, a precompiled install kernel has been made available by David
Muse, for Debian for R3000 DECstations, which has support for framebuffer,
keyboard, and networking, which works pretty well. Thanks David. :-)
<p>The following steps should let you install Debian GNU/Linux for
DECstation onto a harddisk image in the emulator:
<p>
<ol>
<li>Create an empty harddisk image, which will be the root disk
that Debian installs itself onto:<pre>
<b>dd if=/dev/zero of=debian_pmax.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=6000000</b>
</pre>
<li>Download David Muse' install kernel, and a Debian Netinstall CD-ROM:<pre>
<a href="http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31">http://www.firstworks.com/mips-linux-2.4.31/vmlinux-2.4.31</a>
<a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/3.1_r6a/mipsel/iso-cd/">http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/3.1_r6a/mipsel/iso-cd</a>/<a href="http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/3.1_r6a/mipsel/iso-cd/debian-31r6a-mipsel-netinst.iso">debian-31r6a-mipsel-netinst.iso</a>
MD5 (vmlinux-2.4.31) = c88dc0a26b91e3646698179c18e8169b
MD5 (debian-31r6a-mipsel-netinst.iso) = db1bf2f8e5b24f820f37034ec1d20bdc
</pre>
<p>
<li>Start the installation like this:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e3max -d debian_pmax.img -d debian-31r6a-mipsel-netinst.iso vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
</pre>
<p>If everything goes well, you will see Linux' boot messages, and then
arrive at the language chooser.
<p>
<a href="debian-1.png"><img src="debian-1-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-2.png"><img src="debian-2-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-3.png"><img src="debian-3-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-4.png"><img src="debian-4-small.png"></a>
<p>There will be a warning about the keyboard
layout. Don't mind this. Continue, and then select <b>Detect
and mount CD-ROM</b> in the next menu.
<p>
<a href="debian-5.png"><img src="debian-5-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-6.png"><img src="debian-6-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-7.png"><img src="debian-7-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-8.png"><img src="debian-8-small.png"></a>
<p>
There will also be a warning about lack of loadable modules. Don't
mind this either, continue anyway by choosing <b>Yes</b>.
<p>
When you reach the network configuration part of the install, choose
<b>Configure network manually</b> and enter the following values:<pre>
IP address: <b>10.0.0.1</b>
Netmask: <b>255.0.0.0</b>
Gateway: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
Name server addresses: <b>10.0.0.254</b>
</pre>
<p>Choose <b>Erase entire disk</b> in the partitioner.
<p>Wait for the base system to be installed. This takes almost forever,
so you can go fetch several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolt_Cola">Jolts</a>
or cups of coffee in the meanwhile.
<p>
<a href="debian-9.png"><img src="debian-9-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-10.png"><img src="debian-10-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-11.png"><img src="debian-11-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-12.png"><img src="debian-12-small.png"></a>
<p>Congratulations! The first phase of the installation is now completed.
Reboot using the following command line:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
</pre>
<p>The post-install step takes quite some time as well. A perfect opportunity
for more coffee.
<p>When asked about whether the hardware clock is set to GMT or
not, answer Yes.
<p>When asked about "Apt configuration", choose <b>http</b> as the method
to use for accessing the Debian archive.
<p>
<a href="debian-13.png"><img src="debian-13-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-14.png"><img src="debian-14-small.png"></a>
<a href="debian-15.png"><img src="debian-15-small.png"></a>
<p>Downloading the packages takes almost forever. Be patient.
<p>Congratulations (again)! You are now fully done with the installation.
</ol>
<p><br>Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation is now installed and ready to be used.
Use this command to boot from the installed disk image:<pre>
<b>gxemul -X -e3max -o 'root=/dev/sda1' -d debian_pmax.img vmlinux-2.4.31</b>
</pre>
<p><br>
<hr>
</p>
</body>
</html>
