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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1597"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002510000000000000000">General</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1598"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002520000000000000000">The Restore Command</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1599"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002521000000000000000">Restore a pruned job using a pattern</A>
</UL>
<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1600"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002530000000000000000">Selecting Files by Filename</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1601"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002540000000000000000">Replace Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1602"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002550000000000000000">Command Line Arguments</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1603"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002560000000000000000">Using File Relocation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1604"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002561000000000000000">Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1605"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002562000000000000000">RegexWhere Format</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1606"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002563000000000000000">Examples</A>
</UL>
<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1607"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002570000000000000000">Restoring Directory Attributes</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1608"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002580000000000000000">Restoring on Windows</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1609"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION002590000000000000000">Restoring Files Can Be Slow</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1610"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION0025100000000000000000">Problems Restoring Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1611"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION0025110000000000000000">Restore Errors</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1612"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION0025120000000000000000">Example Restore Job Resource</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1613"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION0025130000000000000000">File Selection Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html1614"
HREF="Restore_Command.html#SECTION0025140000000000000000">Restoring When Things Go Wrong</A>
</UL>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002500000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="RestoreChapter"></A>
<BR>
The Restore Command
</H1>
<A NAME="13997"></A>
<A NAME="13998"></A>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002510000000000000000">
General</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14000"></A>
<P>
Below, we will discuss restoring files with the Console <B>restore</B> command,
which is the recommended way of doing restoring files. It is not possible
to restore files by automatically starting a job as you do with Backup,
Verify, ... jobs. However, in addition to the console restore command,
there is a standalone program named <B>bextract</B>, which also permits
restoring files. For more information on this program, please see the
Bacula Utility Programsbextract chapter of this manual. We
don't particularly recommend the <B>bextract</B> program because it
lacks many of the features of the normal Bacula restore, such as the
ability to restore Win32 files to Unix systems, and the ability to
restore access control lists (ACL). As a consequence, we recommend,
wherever possible to use Bacula itself for restores as described below.
<P>
You may also want to look at the <B>bls</B> program in the same chapter,
which allows you to list the contents of your Volumes. Finally, if you
have an old Volume that is no longer in the catalog, you can restore the
catalog entries using the program named <B>bscan</B>, documented in the same
Bacula Utility Programsbscan chapter.
<P>
In general, to restore a file or a set of files, you must run a <B>restore</B>
job. That is a job with <B>Type = Restore</B>. As a consequence, you will need
a predefined <B>restore</B> job in your <B>bacula-dir.conf</B> (Director's
config) file. The exact parameters (Client, FileSet, ...) that you define are
not important as you can either modify them manually before running the job or
if you use the <B>restore</B> command, explained below, Bacula will
automatically set them for you. In fact, you can no longer simply run a restore
job. You must use the restore command.
<P>
Since Bacula is a network backup program, you must be aware that when you
restore files, it is up to you to ensure that you or Bacula have selected the
correct Client and the correct hard disk location for restoring those files.
<B>Bacula</B> will quite willingly backup client A, and restore it by sending
the files to a different directory on client B. Normally, you will want to
avoid this, but assuming the operating systems are not too different in their
file structures, this should work perfectly well, if so desired.
By default, Bacula will restore data to the same Client that was backed
up, and those data will be restored not to the original places but to
<B>/tmp/bacula-restores</B>. You may modify any of these defaults when the
restore command prompts you to run the job by selecting the <B>mod</B>
option.
<P>
<A NAME="Example1"></A>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002520000000000000000">
The Restore Command</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14020"></A>
<A NAME="14021"></A>
<P>
Since Bacula maintains a catalog of your files and on which Volumes (disk or
tape), they are stored, it can do most of the bookkeeping work, allowing you
simply to specify what kind of restore you want (current, before a particular
date), and what files to restore. Bacula will then do the rest.
<P>
This is accomplished using the <B>restore</B> command in the Console. First you
select the kind of restore you want, then the JobIds are selected,
the File records for those Jobs are placed in an internal Bacula directory
tree, and the restore enters a file selection mode that allows you to
interactively walk up and down the file tree selecting individual files to be
restored. This mode is somewhat similar to the standard Unix <B>restore</B>
program's interactive file selection mode.
<P>
If a Job's file records have been pruned from the catalog, the <B>restore</B>
command will be unable to find any files to restore. Bacula will ask if you
want to restore all of them or if you want to use a regular expression to
restore only a selection while reading media. See FileRegex
optionFileRegex and below for more details on this.
<P>
Within the Console program, after entering the <B>restore</B> command, you are
presented with the following selection prompt:
<P>
<PRE>
First you select one or more JobIds that contain files
to be restored. You will be presented several methods
of specifying the JobIds. Then you will be allowed to
select which files from those JobIds are to be restored.
To select the JobIds, you have the following choices:
1: List last 20 Jobs run
2: List Jobs where a given File is saved
3: Enter list of comma separated JobIds to select
4: Enter SQL list command
5: Select the most recent backup for a client
6: Select backup for a client before a specified time
7: Enter a list of files to restore
8: Enter a list of files to restore before a specified time
9: Find the JobIds of the most recent backup for a client
10: Find the JobIds for a backup for a client before a specified time
11: Enter a list of directories to restore for found JobIds
12: Cancel
Select item: (1-12):
</PRE>
<P>
There are a lot of options, and as a point of reference, most people will
want to slect item 5 (the most recent backup for a client). The details
of the above options are:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>Item 1 will list the last 20 jobs run. If you find the Job you want,
you can then select item 3 and enter its JobId(s).
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 2 will list all the Jobs where a specified file is saved. If you
find the Job you want, you can then select item 3 and enter the JobId.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 3 allows you the enter a list of comma separated JobIds whose
files will be put into the directory tree. You may then select which
files from those JobIds to restore. Normally, you would use this option
if you have a particular version of a file that you want to restore and
you know its JobId. The most common options (5 and 6) will not select
a job that did not terminate normally, so if you know a file is
backed up by a Job that failed (possibly because of a system crash), you
can access it through this option by specifying the JobId.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 4 allows you to enter any arbitrary SQL command. This is
probably the most primitive way of finding the desired JobIds, but at
the same time, the most flexible. Once you have found the JobId(s), you
can select item 3 and enter them.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 5 will automatically select the most recent Full backup and all
subsequent incremental and differential backups for a specified Client.
These are the Jobs and Files which, if reloaded, will restore your
system to the most current saved state. It automatically enters the
JobIds found into the directory tree in an optimal way such that only
the most recent copy of any particular file found in the set of Jobs
will be restored. This is probably the most convenient of all the above
options to use if you wish to restore a selected Client to its most
recent state.
<P>
There are two important things to note. First, this automatic selection
will never select a job that failed (terminated with an error status).
If you have such a job and want to recover one or more files from it,
you will need to explicitly enter the JobId in item 3, then choose the
files to restore.
<P>
If some of the Jobs that are needed to do the restore have had their
File records pruned, the restore will be incomplete. Bacula currently
does not correctly detect this condition. You can however, check for
this by looking carefully at the list of Jobs that Bacula selects and
prints. If you find Jobs with the JobFiles column set to zero, when
files should have been backed up, then you should expect problems.
<P>
If all the File records have been pruned, Bacula will realize that there
are no file records in any of the JobIds chosen and will inform you. It
will then propose doing a full restore (non-selective) of those JobIds.
This is possible because Bacula still knows where the beginning of the
Job data is on the Volumes, even if it does not know where particular
files are located or what their names are.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 6 allows you to specify a date and time, after which Bacula will
automatically select the most recent Full backup and all subsequent
incremental and differential backups that started before the specified date
and time.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 7 allows you to specify one or more filenames (complete path
required) to be restored. Each filename is entered one at a time or if you
prefix a filename with the less-than symbol () Bacula will read that
file and assume it is a list of filenames to be restored. If you
prefix the filename with a question mark (?), then the filename will
be interpreted as an SQL table name, and Bacula will include the rows
of that table in the list to be restored. The table must contain the
JobId in the first column and the FileIndex in the second column.
This table feature is intended for external programs that want to build
their own list of files to be restored.
The filename entry mode is terminated by entering a blank line.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 8 allows you to specify a date and time before entering the
filenames. See Item 7 above for more details.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 9 allows you find the JobIds of the most recent backup for
a client. This is much like option 5 (it uses the same code), but
those JobIds are retained internally as if you had entered them
manually. You may then select item 11 (see below) to restore one
or more directories.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 10 is the same as item 9, except that it allows you to enter
a before date (as with item 6). These JobIds will then be retained
internally.
<P>
<A NAME="14032"></A>
</LI>
<LI>Item 11 allows you to enter a list of JobIds from which you can
select directories to be restored. The list of JobIds can have been
previously created by using either item 9 or 10 on the menu. You
may then enter a full path to a directory name or a filename preceded
by a less than sign (). The filename should contain a list
of directories to be restored. All files in those directories will
be restored, but if the directory contains subdirectories, nothing
will be restored in the subdirectory unless you explicitly enter its
name.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Item 12 allows you to cancel the restore command.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
As an example, suppose that we select item 5 (restore to most recent state).
If you have not specified a client=xxx on the command line, it
it will then ask for the desired Client, which on my system, will print all
the Clients found in the database as follows:
<P>
<PRE>
Defined clients:
1: Rufus
2: Matou
3: Polymatou
4: Minimatou
5: Minou
6: MatouVerify
7: PmatouVerify
8: RufusVerify
9: Watchdog
Select Client (File daemon) resource (1-9):
</PRE>
<P>
You will probably have far fewer Clients than this example, and if you have
only one Client, it will be automatically selected. In this case, I enter
<B>Rufus</B> to select the Client. Then Bacula needs to know what FileSet is
to be restored, so it prompts with:
<P>
<PRE>
The defined FileSet resources are:
1: Full Set
2: Other Files
Select FileSet resource (1-2):
</PRE>
<P>
If you have only one FileSet defined for the Client, it will be selected
automatically. I choose item 1, which is my full backup. Normally, you
will only have a single FileSet for each Job, and if your machines are
similar (all Linux) you may only have one FileSet for all your Clients.
<P>
At this point, <B>Bacula</B> has all the information it needs to find the most
recent set of backups. It will then query the database, which may take a bit
of time, and it will come up with something like the following. Note, some of
the columns are truncated here for presentation:
<P>
<PRE>
+-------+------+----------+-------------+-------------+------+-------+------------+
| JobId | Levl | JobFiles | StartTime | VolumeName | File | SesId |VolSesTime |
+-------+------+----------+-------------+-------------+------+-------+------------+
| 1,792 | F | 128,374 | 08-03 01:58 | DLT-19Jul02 | 67 | 18 | 1028042998 |
| 1,792 | F | 128,374 | 08-03 01:58 | DLT-04Aug02 | 0 | 18 | 1028042998 |
| 1,797 | I | 254 | 08-04 13:53 | DLT-04Aug02 | 5 | 23 | 1028042998 |
| 1,798 | I | 15 | 08-05 01:05 | DLT-04Aug02 | 6 | 24 | 1028042998 |
+-------+------+----------+-------------+-------------+------+-------+------------+
You have selected the following JobId: 1792,1792,1797
Building directory tree for JobId 1792 ...
Building directory tree for JobId 1797 ...
Building directory tree for JobId 1798 ...
cwd is: /
$
</PRE>
<P>
Depending on the number of <B>JobFiles</B> for each JobId, the <B>Building
directory tree ..."</B> can take a bit of time. If you notice ath all the
JobFiles are zero, your Files have probably been pruned and you will not be
able to select any individual files - it will be restore everything or
nothing.
<P>
In our example, Bacula found four Jobs that comprise the most recent backup of
the specified Client and FileSet. Two of the Jobs have the same JobId because
that Job wrote on two different Volumes. The third Job was an incremental
backup to the previous Full backup, and it only saved 254 Files compared to
128,374 for the Full backup. The fourth Job was also an incremental backup
that saved 15 files.
<P>
Next Bacula entered those Jobs into the directory tree, with no files marked
to be restored as a default, tells you how many files are in the tree, and
tells you that the current working directory (<B>cwd</B>) is /. Finally, Bacula
prompts with the dollar sign ($) to indicate that you may enter commands to
move around the directory tree and to select files.
<P>
If you want all the files to automatically be marked when the directory
tree is built, you could have entered the command <B>restore all</B>, or
at the $ prompt, you can simply enter <B>mark *</B>.
<P>
Instead of choosing item 5 on the first menu (Select the most recent backup
for a client), if we had chosen item 3 (Enter list of JobIds to select) and we
had entered the JobIds <B>1792,1797,1798</B> we would have arrived at the same
point.
<P>
One point to note, if you are manually entering JobIds, is that you must enter
them in the order they were run (generally in increasing JobId order). If you
enter them out of order and the same file was saved in two or more of the
Jobs, you may end up with an old version of that file (i.e. not the most
recent).
<P>
Directly entering the JobIds can also permit you to recover data from
a Job that wrote files to tape but that terminated with an error status.
<P>
While in file selection mode, you can enter <B>help</B> or a question mark (?)
to produce a summary of the available commands:
<P>
<PRE>
Command Description
======= ===========
cd change current directory
count count marked files in and below the cd
dir long list current directory, wildcards allowed
done leave file selection mode
estimate estimate restore size
exit same as done command
find find files, wildcards allowed
help print help
ls list current directory, wildcards allowed
lsmark list the marked files in and below the cd
mark mark dir/file to be restored recursively in dirs
markdir mark directory name to be restored (no files)
pwd print current working directory
unmark unmark dir/file to be restored recursively in dir
unmarkdir unmark directory name only no recursion
quit quit and do not do restore
? print help
</PRE>
<P>
As a default no files have been selected for restore (unless you
added <B>all</B> to the command line. If you want to restore
everything, at this point, you should enter <B>mark *</B>, and then <B>done</B>
and <B>Bacula</B> will write the bootstrap records to a file and request your
approval to start a restore job.
<P>
If you do not enter the above mentioned <B>mark *</B> command, you will start
with an empty slate. Now you can simply start looking at the tree and <B>mark</B> particular files or directories you want restored. It is easy to make
a mistake in specifying a file to mark or unmark, and Bacula's error handling
is not perfect, so please check your work by using the <B>ls</B> or <B>dir</B>
commands to see what files are actually selected. Any selected file has its
name preceded by an asterisk.
<P>
To check what is marked or not marked, enter the <B>count</B> command, which
displays:
<P>
<PRE>
128401 total files. 128401 marked to be restored.
</PRE>
<P>
Each of the above commands will be described in more detail in the next
section. We continue with the above example, having accepted to restore all
files as Bacula set by default. On entering the <B>done</B> command, Bacula
prints:
<P>
<PRE>
Bootstrap records written to /home/kern/bacula/working/restore.bsr
The job will require the following
Volume(s) Storage(s) SD Device(s)
===========================================================================
DLT-19Jul02 Tape DLT8000
DLT-04Aug02 Tape DLT8000
128401 files selected to restore.
Run Restore job
JobName: kernsrestore
Bootstrap: /home/kern/bacula/working/restore.bsr
Where: /tmp/bacula-restores
Replace: always
FileSet: Other Files
Client: Rufus
Storage: Tape
When: 2006-12-11 18:20:33
Catalog: MyCatalog
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no):
</PRE>
<P>
Please examine each of the items very carefully to make sure that they are
correct. In particular, look at <B>Where</B>, which tells you where in the
directory structure the files will be restored, and <B>Client</B>, which
tells you which client will receive the files. Note that by default the
Client which will receive the files is the Client that was backed up.
These items will not always be completed with the correct values depending
on which of the restore options you chose. You can change any of these
default items by entering <B>mod</B> and responding to the prompts.
<P>
The above assumes that you have defined a <B>Restore</B> Job resource in your
Director's configuration file. Normally, you will only need one Restore Job
resource definition because by its nature, restoring is a manual operation,
and using the Console interface, you will be able to modify the Restore Job to
do what you want.
<P>
An example Restore Job resource definition is given below.
<P>
Returning to the above example, you should verify that the Client name is
correct before running the Job. However, you may want to modify some of the
parameters of the restore job. For example, in addition to checking the Client
it is wise to check that the Storage device chosen by Bacula is indeed
correct. Although the <B>FileSet</B> is shown, it will be ignored in restore.
The restore will choose the files to be restored either by reading the <B>Bootstrap</B> file, or if not specified, it will restore all files associated
with the specified backup <B>JobId</B> (i.e. the JobId of the Job that
originally backed up the files).
<P>
Finally before running the job, please note that the default location for
restoring files is <B>not</B> their original locations, but rather the directory
<B>/tmp/bacula-restores</B>. You can change this default by modifying your <B>bacula-dir.conf</B> file, or you can modify it using the <B>mod</B> option. If you
want to restore the files to their original location, you must have <B>Where</B> set to nothing or to the root, i.e. <B>/</B>.
<P>
If you now enter <B>yes</B>, Bacula will run the restore Job. The Storage
daemon will first request Volume <B>DLT-19Jul02</B> and after the appropriate
files have been restored from that volume, it will request Volume <B>DLT-04Aug02</B>.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="SECTION002521000000000000000">
Restore a pruned job using a pattern</A>
</H2>
During a restore, if all File records are pruned from the catalog
for a Job, normally Bacula can restore only all files saved. That
is there is no way using the catalog to select individual files.
With this new feature, Bacula will ask if you want to specify a Regex
expression for extracting only a part of the full backup.
<P>
<PRE>
Building directory tree for JobId(s) 1,3 ...
There were no files inserted into the tree, so file selection
is not possible.Most likely your retention policy pruned the files
Do you want to restore all the files? (yes|no): no
Regexp matching files to restore? (empty to abort): /tmp/regress/(bin|tests)/
Bootstrap records written to /tmp/regress/working/zog4-dir.restore.1.bsr
</PRE>
<P>
See also FileRegex bsr optionFileRegex for more information.
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002530000000000000000">
Selecting Files by Filename</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14088"></A>
<A NAME="14089"></A>
<P>
If you have a small number of files to restore, and you know the filenames,
you can either put the list of filenames in a file to be read by Bacula, or
you can enter the names one at a time. The filenames must include the full
path and filename. No wild cards are used.
<P>
To enter the files, after the <B>restore</B>, you select item number 7 from the
prompt list:
<P>
<PRE>
To select the JobIds, you have the following choices:
1: List last 20 Jobs run
2: List Jobs where a given File is saved
3: Enter list of comma separated JobIds to select
4: Enter SQL list command
5: Select the most recent backup for a client
6: Select backup for a client before a specified time
7: Enter a list of files to restore
8: Enter a list of files to restore before a specified time
9: Find the JobIds of the most recent backup for a client
10: Find the JobIds for a backup for a client before a specified time
11: Enter a list of directories to restore for found JobIds
12: Cancel
Select item: (1-12):
</PRE>
<P>
which then prompts you for the client name:
<P>
<PRE>
Defined Clients:
1: Timmy
2: Tibs
3: Rufus
Select the Client (1-3): 3
</PRE>
<P>
Of course, your client list will be different, and if you have only one
client, it will be automatically selected. And finally, Bacula requests you to
enter a filename:
<P>
<PRE>
Enter filename:
</PRE>
<P>
At this point, you can enter the full path and filename
<P>
<PRE>
Enter filename: /home/kern/bacula/k/Makefile.in
Enter filename:
</PRE>
<P>
as you can see, it took the filename. If Bacula cannot find a copy of the
file, it prints the following:
<P>
<PRE>
Enter filename: junk filename
No database record found for: junk filename
Enter filename:
</PRE>
<P>
If you want Bacula to read the filenames from a file, you simply precede the
filename with a less-than symbol (). When you have entered all the
filenames, you enter a blank line, and Bacula will write the bootstrap file,
tells you what tapes will be used, and proposes a Restore job to be run:
<P>
<PRE>
Enter filename:
Automatically selected Storage: DDS-4
Bootstrap records written to /home/kern/bacula/working/restore.bsr
The restore job will require the following Volumes:
test1
1 file selected to restore.
Run Restore job
JobName: kernsrestore
Bootstrap: /home/kern/bacula/working/restore.bsr
Where: /tmp/bacula-restores
Replace: always
FileSet: Other Files
Client: Rufus
Storage: DDS-4
When: 2003-09-11 10:20:53
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no):
</PRE>
<P>
It is possible to automate the selection by file by putting your list of files
in say <B>/tmp/file-list</B>, then using the following command:
<P>
<PRE>
restore client=Rufus file=</tmp/file-list
</PRE>
<P>
If in modifying the parameters for the Run Restore job, you find that Bacula
asks you to enter a Job number, this is because you have not yet specified
either a Job number or a Bootstrap file. Simply entering zero will allow you
to continue and to select another option to be modified.
<P>
<A NAME="Replace"></A>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002540000000000000000">
Replace Options</A>
</H1>
<P>
When restoring, you have the option to specify a Replace option. This
directive determines the action to be taken when restoring a file or
directory that already exists. This directive can be set by selecting
the <B>mod</B> option. You will be given a list of parameters to choose
from. Full details on this option can be found in the Job Resource section
of the Director documentation.
<P>
<A NAME="CommandArguments"></A>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002550000000000000000">
Command Line Arguments</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14112"></A>
<A NAME="14113"></A>
<P>
If all the above sounds complicated, you will probably agree that it really
isn't after trying it a few times. It is possible to do everything that was
shown above, with the exception of selecting the FileSet, by using command
line arguments with a single command by entering:
<P>
<PRE>
restore client=Rufus select current all done yes
</PRE>
<P>
The <B>client=Rufus</B> specification will automatically select Rufus as the
client, the <B>current</B> tells Bacula that you want to restore the system to
the most current state possible, and the <B>yes</B> suppresses the final <B>yes/mod/no</B> prompt and simply runs the restore.
<P>
The full list of possible command line arguments are:
<P>
<UL>
<LI><B>all</B> - select all Files to be restored.
</LI>
<LI><B>select</B> - use the tree selection method.
</LI>
<LI><B>done</B> - do not prompt the user in tree mode.
</LI>
<LI><B>current</B> - automatically select the most current set of backups
for the specified client.
</LI>
<LI><B>client=xxxx</B> - initially specifies the client from which the
backup was made and the client to which the restore will be make. See also
"restoreclient" keyword.
</LI>
<LI><B>restoreclient=xxxx</B> - if the keyword is specified, then the
restore is written to that client.
</LI>
<LI><B>jobid=nnn</B> - specify a JobId or comma separated list of JobIds to
be restored.
</LI>
<LI><B>before=YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS</B> - specify a date and time to which
the system should be restored. Only Jobs started before the specified
date/time will be selected, and as is the case for <B>current</B> Bacula will
automatically find the most recent prior Full save and all Differential and
Incremental saves run before the date you specify. Note, this command is not
too user friendly in that you must specify the date/time exactly as shown.
</LI>
<LI><B>file=filename</B> - specify a filename to be restored. You must
specify the full path and filename. Prefixing the entry with a less-than
sign
() will cause Bacula to assume that the filename is on your system and
contains a list of files to be restored. Bacula will thus read the list from
that file. Multiple file=xxx specifications may be specified on the command
line.
</LI>
<LI><B>jobid=nnn</B> - specify a JobId to be restored.
</LI>
<LI><B>pool=pool-name</B> - specify a Pool name to be used for selection of
Volumes when specifying options 5 and 6 (restore current system, and restore
current system before given date). This permits you to have several Pools,
possibly one offsite, and to select the Pool to be used for restoring.
</LI>
<LI><B>where=/tmp/bacula-restore</B> - restore files in <B>where</B> directory.
</LI>
<LI><B>yes</B> - automatically run the restore without prompting for
modifications (most useful in batch scripts).
</LI>
<LI><B>strip_prefix=/prod</B> - remove a part of the filename when restoring.
</LI>
<LI><B>add_prefix=/test</B> - add a prefix to all files when restoring (like
where) (can't be used with <B>where=</B>).
</LI>
<LI><B>add_suffix=.old</B> - add a suffix to all your files.
</LI>
<LI><B>regexwhere=!a.pdf!a.bkp.pdf!</B> - do complex filename manipulation
like with sed unix command. Will overwrite other filename manipulation.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<A NAME="restorefilerelocation"></A>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002560000000000000000">
Using File Relocation</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14145"></A>
<A NAME="filerelocation"></A>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="SECTION002561000000000000000">
Introduction</A>
</H2>
<P>
The <B>where=</B> option is simple, but not very powerful. With file
relocation, Bacula can restore a file to the same directory, but with a
different name, or in an other directory without recreating the full path.
<P>
You can also do filename and path manipulations, implemented in Bacula
2.1.8 or later, such as adding a suffix to all your files, renaming files
or directories, etc. Theses options will overwrite <B>where=</B> option.
<P>
For example, many users use OS snapshot features so that file
<TT>/home/eric/mbox</TT> will be backed up from the directory
<TT>/.snap/home/eric/mbox</TT>, which can complicate restores. If you use
<B>where=/tmp</B>, the file will be restored to
<TT>/tmp/.snap/home/eric/mbox</TT> and you will have to move the file to
<TT>/home/eric/mbox.bkp</TT> by hand.
<P>
However, case, you could use the
<B>strip_prefix=/.snap</B> and <B>add_suffix=.bkp</B> options and
Bacula will restore the file to its original location - that is
<TT>/home/eric/mbox</TT>.
<P>
To use this feature, there are command line options as described in
the restore sectionrestorefilerelocation of this manual;
you can modify your restore job before running it; or you can
add options to your restore job in as described in
bacula-dir.confconfaddprefix.
<P>
<PRE>
Parameters to modify:
1: Level
2: Storage
...
10: File Relocation
...
Select parameter to modify (1-12):
This will replace your current Where value
1: Strip prefix
2: Add prefix
3: Add file suffix
4: Enter a regexp
5: Test filename manipulation
6: Use this ?
Select parameter to modify (1-6):
</PRE>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="SECTION002562000000000000000">
RegexWhere Format</A>
</H2>
<P>
The format is very close to that used by sed or Perl (<TT>s/replace this/by
that/</TT>) operator. A valid regexwhere expression has three fields :
<UL>
<LI>a search expression (with optionnal submatch)
</LI>
<LI>a replacement expression (with optionnal back references $1 to $9)
</LI>
<LI>a set of search options (only case-insensitive ``i'' at this time)
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
Each field is delimited by a separator specified by the user as the first
character of the expression. The separator can be one of the following:
<PRE>
<separator-keyword> = / ! ; % : , ~ # = &
</PRE>
<P>
You can use several expressions separated by a commas.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="SECTION002563000000000000000">
Examples</A>
</H2>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER">Orignal filename</TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">New filename</TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">RegexWhere</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Comments</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>c:/system.ini</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>c:/system.old.ini</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/.ini$/.old.ini/</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">$ matches end of name</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/prod/u01/pdata/</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/rect/u01/rdata</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/prod/rect/,/pdata/rdata/</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">uses two regexp</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/prod/u01/pdata/</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/rect/u01/rdata</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>!/prod/!/rect/!,/pdata/rdata/</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">use <TT>!</TT> as separator</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>C:/WINNT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>d:/WINNT</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><TT>/c:/d:/i</TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">case insensitive pattern match</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002570000000000000000">
Restoring Directory Attributes</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14188"></A>
<A NAME="14189"></A>
<P>
Depending how you do the restore, you may or may not get the directory entries
back to their original state. Here are a few of the problems you can
encounter, and for same machine restores, how to avoid them.
<P>
<UL>
<LI>You backed up on one machine and are restoring to another that is
either a different OS or doesn't have the same users/groups defined. Bacula
does the best it can in these situations. Note, Bacula has saved the
user/groups in numeric form, which means on a different machine, they
may map to different user/group names.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>You are restoring into a directory that is already created and has
file creation restrictions. Bacula tries to reset everything but
without walking up the full chain of directories and modifying them all
during the restore, which Bacula does and will not do, getting
permissions back correctly in this situation depends to a large extent
on your OS.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>You are doing a recursive restore of a directory tree. In this case
Bacula will restore a file before restoring the file's parent directory
entry. In the process of restoring the file Bacula will create the
parent directory with open permissions and ownership of the file being
restored. Then when Bacula tries to restore the parent directory Bacula
sees that it already exists (Similar to the previous situation). If you
had set the Restore job's "Replace" property to "never" then Bacula will
not change the directory's permissions and ownerships to match what it
backed up, you should also notice that the actual number of files
restored is less then the expected number. If you had set the Restore
job's "Replace" property to "always" then Bacula will change the
Directory's ownership and permissions to match what it backed up, also
the actual number of files restored should be equal to the expected
number.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>You selected one or more files in a directory, but did not select the
directory entry to be restored. In that case, if the directory is not
on disk Bacula simply creates the directory with some default attributes
which may not be the same as the original. If you do not select a
directory and all its contents to be restored, you can still select
items within the directory to be restored by individually marking those
files, but in that case, you should individually use the "markdir"
command to select all higher level directory entries (one at a time) to
be restored if you want the directory entries properly restored.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>The <B>bextract</B> program does not restore access control lists
(ACLs) to Unix machines.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<A NAME="Windows"></A>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002580000000000000000">
Restoring on Windows</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14195"></A>
<A NAME="14196"></A>
<P>
If you are restoring on WinNT/2K/XP systems, Bacula will restore the files
with the original ownerships and permissions as would be expected. This is
also true if you are restoring those files to an alternate directory (using
the Where option in restore). However, if the alternate directory does not
already exist, the Bacula File daemon (Client) will try to create it. In
some cases, it may not create the directories, and if it does since the
File daemon runs under the SYSTEM account, the directory will be created
with SYSTEM ownership and permissions. In this case, you may have problems
accessing the newly restored files.
<P>
To avoid this problem, you should create any alternate directory before
doing the restore. Bacula will not change the ownership and permissions of
the directory if it is already created as long as it is not one of the
directories being restored (i.e. written to tape).
<P>
The default restore location is <B>/tmp/bacula-restores/</B> and if you are
restoring from drive <B>E:</B>, the default will be
<B>/tmp/bacula-restores/e/</B>, so you should ensure that this directory
exists before doing the restore, or use the <B>mod</B> option to
select a different <B>where</B> directory that does exist.
<P>
Some users have experienced problems restoring files that participate in
the Active Directory. They also report that changing the userid under which
Bacula (bacula-fd.exe) runs, from SYSTEM to a Domain Admin userid, resolves
the problem.
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION002590000000000000000">
Restoring Files Can Be Slow</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14203"></A>
<A NAME="14204"></A>
<P>
Restoring files is generally <B>much</B> slower than backing them up for several
reasons. The first is that during a backup the tape is normally already
positioned and Bacula only needs to write. On the other hand, because restoring
files is done so rarely, Bacula keeps only the start file and block on the
tape for the whole job rather than on a file by file basis which would use
quite a lot of space in the catalog.
<P>
Bacula will forward space to the correct file mark on the tape for the Job,
then forward space to the correct block, and finally sequentially read each
record until it gets to the correct one(s) for the file or files you want to
restore. Once the desired files are restored, Bacula will stop reading the
tape.
<P>
Finally, instead of just reading a file for backup, during the restore, Bacula
must create the file, and the operating system must allocate disk space for
the file as Bacula is restoring it.
<P>
For all the above reasons the restore process is generally much slower than
backing up (sometimes it takes three times as long).
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION0025100000000000000000">
Problems Restoring Files</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14207"></A>
<A NAME="14208"></A>
<P>
The most frequent problems users have restoring files are error messages such
as:
<P>
<PRE>
04-Jan 00:33 z217-sd: RestoreFiles.2005-01-04_00.31.04 Error:
block.c:868 Volume data error at 20:0! Short block of 512 bytes on
device /dev/tape discarded.
</PRE>
<P>
or
<P>
<PRE>
04-Jan 00:33 z217-sd: RestoreFiles.2005-01-04_00.31.04 Error:
block.c:264 Volume data error at 20:0! Wanted ID: "BB02", got ".".
Buffer discarded.
</PRE>
<P>
Both these kinds of messages indicate that you were probably running your tape
drive in fixed block mode rather than variable block mode. Fixed block mode
will work with any program that reads tapes sequentially such as tar, but
Bacula repositions the tape on a block basis when restoring files because this
will speed up the restore by orders of magnitude when only a few files are being
restored. There are several ways that you can attempt to recover from this
unfortunate situation.
<P>
Try the following things, each separately, and reset your Device resource to
what it is now after each individual test:
<P>
<OL>
<LI>Set "Block Positioning = no" in your Device resource and try the
restore. This is a new directive and untested.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Set "Minimum Block Size = 512" and "Maximum Block Size = 512" and
try the restore. If you are able to determine the block size your drive
was previously using, you should try that size if 512 does not work.
This is a really horrible solution, and it is not at all recommended
to continue backing up your data without correcting this condition.
Please see the Tape Testing chapter for more on this.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Try editing the restore.bsr file at the Run xxx yes/mod/no prompt
before starting the restore job and remove all the VolBlock statements.
These are what causes Bacula to reposition the tape, and where problems
occur if you have a fixed block size set for your drive. The VolFile
commands also cause repositioning, but this will work regardless of the
block size.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Use bextract to extract the files you want - it reads the Volume
sequentially if you use the include list feature, or if you use a .bsr
file, but remove all the VolBlock statements after the .bsr file is
created (at the Run yes/mod/no) prompt but before you start the restore.
</LI>
</OL>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION0025110000000000000000">
Restore Errors</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14216"></A>
<A NAME="14217"></A>
<P>
There are a number of reasons why there may be restore errors or
warning messages. Some of the more common ones are:
<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>file count mismatch</STRONG></DT>
<DD>This can occur for the following reasons:
<UL>
<LI>You requested Bacula not to overwrite existing or newer
files.
</LI>
<LI>A Bacula miscount of files/directories. This is an
on-going problem due to the complications of directories,
soft/hard link, and such. Simply check that all the files you
wanted were actually restored.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>file size error</STRONG></DT>
<DD>When Bacula restores files, it checks that the size of the
restored file is the same as the file status data it saved
when starting the backup of the file. If the sizes do not
agree, Bacula will print an error message. This size mismatch
most often occurs because the file was being written as Bacula
backed up the file. In this case, the size that Bacula
restored will be greater than the status size. This often
happens with log files.
<P>
If the restored size is smaller, then you should be concerned
about a possible tape error and check the Bacula output as
well as your system logs.
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION0025120000000000000000">
Example Restore Job Resource</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14223"></A>
<A NAME="14224"></A>
<P>
<PRE>
Job {
Name = "RestoreFiles"
Type = Restore
Client = Any-client
FileSet = "Any-FileSet"
Storage = Any-storage
Where = /tmp/bacula-restores
Messages = Standard
Pool = Default
}
</PRE>
<P>
If <B>Where</B> is not specified, the default location for restoring files will
be their original locations.
<A NAME="Selection"></A>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION0025130000000000000000">
File Selection Commands</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14230"></A>
<A NAME="14231"></A>
<P>
After you have selected the Jobs to be restored and Bacula has created the
in-memory directory tree, you will enter file selection mode as indicated by
the dollar sign (<B>$</B>) prompt. While in this mode, you may use the
commands listed above. The basic idea is to move up and down the in memory
directory structure with the <B>cd</B> command much as you normally do on the
system. Once you are in a directory, you may select the files that you want
restored. As a default no files are marked to be restored. If you wish to
start with all files, simply enter: <B>cd /</B> and <B>mark *</B>. Otherwise
proceed to select the files you wish to restore by marking them with the <B>mark</B> command. The available commands are:
<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>cd</STRONG></DT>
<DD>The <B>cd</B> command changes the current directory to the argument specified.
It operates much like the Unix <B>cd</B> command. Wildcard specifications are
not permitted.
<P>
Note, on Windows systems, the various drives (c:, d:, ...) are treated like a
directory within the file tree while in the file selection mode. As a
consequence, you must do a <B>cd c:</B> or possibly in some cases a <B>cd
C:</B> (note upper case) to get down to the first directory.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>dir</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14242"></A>
The <B>dir</B> command is similar to the <B>ls</B> command, except that it
prints it in long format (all details). This command can be a bit slower
than the <B>ls</B> command because it must access the catalog database for
the detailed information for each file.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>estimate</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14246"></A>
The <B>estimate</B> command prints a summary of the total files in the tree,
how many are marked to be restored, and an estimate of the number of bytes
to be restored. This can be useful if you are short on disk space on the
machine where the files will be restored.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>find</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14248"></A>
The <B>find</B> command accepts one or more arguments and displays all files
in the tree that match that argument. The argument may have wildcards. It is
somewhat similar to the Unix command <B>find / -name arg</B>.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>ls</STRONG></DT>
<DD>The <B>ls</B> command produces a listing of all the files contained in the
current directory much like the Unix <B>ls</B> command. You may specify an
argument containing wildcards, in which case only those files will be
listed.
<P>
Any file that is marked to be restored will have its name preceded by an
asterisk (<B>*</B>). Directory names will be terminated with a forward slash
(<B>/</B>) to distinguish them from filenames.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>lsmark</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14255"></A>
The <B>lsmark</B> command is the same as the <B>ls</B> except that it will
print only those files marked for extraction. The other distinction is that
it will recursively descend into any directory selected.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>mark</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14258"></A>
The <B>mark</B> command allows you to mark files to be restored. It takes a
single argument which is the filename or directory name in the current
directory to be marked for extraction. The argument may be a wildcard
specification, in which case all files that match in the current directory
are marked to be restored. If the argument matches a directory rather than a
file, then the directory and all the files contained in that directory
(recursively) are marked to be restored. Any marked file will have its name
preceded with an asterisk (<B>*</B>) in the output produced by the <B>ls</B>
or
<B>dir</B> commands. Note, supplying a full path on the mark command does not
work as expected to select a file or directory in the current directory.
Also, the <B>mark</B> command works on the current and lower directories but
does not touch higher level directories.
<P>
After executing the <B>mark</B> command, it will print a brief summary:
<P>
<PRE>
No files marked.
</PRE>
<P>
If no files were marked, or:
<P>
<PRE>
nn files marked.
</PRE>
<P>
if some files are marked.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>unmark</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14269"></A>
The <B>unmark</B> is identical to the <B>mark</B> command, except that it
unmarks the specified file or files so that they will not be restored. Note:
the <B>unmark</B> command works from the current directory, so it does not
unmark any files at a higher level. First do a <B>cd /</B> before the <B> unmark *</B> command if you want to unmark everything.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>pwd</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14275"></A>
The <B>pwd</B> command prints the current working directory. It accepts no
arguments.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>count</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14277"></A>
The <B>count</B> command prints the total files in the directory tree and the
number of files marked to be restored.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>done</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14279"></A>
This command terminates file selection mode.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>exit</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14280"></A>
This command terminates file selection mode (the same as done).
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>quit</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14281"></A>
This command terminates the file selection and does not run the restore
job.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>help</STRONG></DT>
<DD><A NAME="14282"></A>
This command prints a summary of the commands available.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>?</STRONG></DT>
<DD>This command is the same as the <B>help</B> command.
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="database_restore"></A>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION0025140000000000000000">
Restoring When Things Go Wrong</A>
</H1>
<A NAME="14287"></A>
<A NAME="14288"></A>
<A NAME="14289"></A>
<P>
This and the following sections will try to present a few of the kinds of
problems that can come up making restoring more difficult. We will try to
provide a few ideas how to get out of these problem situations.
In addition to what is presented here, there is more specific information
on restoring a Clientrestore_client and your
Serverrestore_server in the Disaster Recovery Using
BaculaRescueChapter chapter of this manual.
<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>My database is broken.
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution</STRONG></DT>
<DD>For SQLite, use the vacuum command to try to fix the database. For either
MySQL or PostgreSQL, see the vendor's documentation. They have specific tools
that check and repair databases, see the database
repairDatabaseRepair sections of this manual for links to vendor
information.
<P>
Assuming the above does not resolve the problem, you will need to restore
or rebuild your catalog. Note, if it is a matter of some
inconsistencies in the Bacula tables rather than a broken database, then
running dbcheckdbcheck might help, but you will need to ensure
that your database indexes are properly setup. Please see
the Database Performance IssuesDatabasePerformance sections
of this manual for more details.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>How do I restore my catalog?
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution with a Catalog backup</STRONG></DT>
<DD>If you have backed up your database nightly (as you should) and you
have made a bootstrap file, you can immediately load back your
database (or the ASCII SQL output). Make a copy of your current
database, then re-initialize it, by running the following scripts:
<PRE>
./drop_bacula_tables
./make_bacula_tables
</PRE>
After re-initializing the database, you should be able to run
Bacula. If you now try to use the restore command, it will not
work because the database will be empty. However, you can manually
run a restore job and specify your bootstrap file. You do so
by entering the bf run command in the console and selecting the
restore job. If you are using the default bacula-dir.conf, this
Job will be named <B>RestoreFiles</B>. Most likely it will prompt
you with something such as:
<P>
<PRE>
Run Restore job
JobName: RestoreFiles
Bootstrap: /home/kern/bacula/working/restore.bsr
Where: /tmp/bacula-restores
Replace: always
FileSet: Full Set
Client: rufus-fd
Storage: File
When: 2005-07-10 17:33:40
Catalog: MyCatalog
Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no):
</PRE>
<P>
A number of the items will be different in your case. What you want to
do is: to use the mod option to change the Bootstrap to point to your
saved bootstrap file; and to make sure all the other items such as
Client, Storage, Catalog, and Where are correct. The FileSet is not
used when you specify a bootstrap file. Once you have set all the
correct values, run the Job and it will restore the backup of your
database, which is most likely an ASCII dump.
<P>
You will then need to follow the instructions for your
database type to recreate the database from the ASCII backup file.
See the Catalog MaintenanceCatMaintenanceChapter chapter of
this manual for examples of the command needed to restore a
database from an ASCII dump (they are shown in the Compacting Your
XXX Database sections).
<P>
Also, please note that after you restore your database from an ASCII
backup, you do NOT want to do a <B>make_bacula_tables</B> command, or
you will probably erase your newly restored database tables.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution with a Job listing</STRONG></DT>
<DD>If you did save your database but did not make a bootstrap file, then
recovering the database is more difficult. You will probably need to
use bextract to extract the backup copy. First you should locate the
listing of the job report from the last catalog backup. It has
important information that will allow you to quickly find your database
file. For example, in the job report for the CatalogBackup shown below,
the critical items are the Volume name(s), the Volume Session Id and the
Volume Session Time. If you know those, you can easily restore your
Catalog.
<P>
<PRE>
22-Apr 10:22 HeadMan: Start Backup JobId 7510,
Job=CatalogBackup.2005-04-22_01.10.0
22-Apr 10:23 HeadMan: Bacula 1.37.14 (21Apr05): 22-Apr-2005 10:23:06
JobId: 7510
Job: CatalogBackup.2005-04-22_01.10.00
Backup Level: Full
Client: Polymatou
FileSet: "CatalogFile" 2003-04-10 01:24:01
Pool: "Default"
Storage: "DLTDrive"
Start time: 22-Apr-2005 10:21:00
End time: 22-Apr-2005 10:23:06
FD Files Written: 1
SD Files Written: 1
FD Bytes Written: 210,739,395
SD Bytes Written: 210,739,521
Rate: 1672.5 KB/s
Software Compression: None
Volume name(s): DLT-22Apr05
Volume Session Id: 11
Volume Session Time: 1114075126
Last Volume Bytes: 1,428,240,465
Non-fatal FD errors: 0
SD Errors: 0
FD termination status: OK
SD termination status: OK
Termination: Backup OK
</PRE>
<P>
From the above information, you can manually create a bootstrap file,
and then follow the instructions given above for restoring your database.
A reconstructed bootstrap file for the above backup Job would look
like the following:
<P>
<PRE>
Volume="DLT-22Apr05"
VolSessionId=11
VolSessionTime=1114075126
FileIndex=1-1
</PRE>
<P>
Where we have inserted the Volume name, Volume Session Id, and Volume
Session Time that correspond to the values in the job report. We've also
used a FileIndex of one, which will always be the case providing that
there was only one file backed up in the job.
<P>
The disadvantage of this bootstrap file compared to what is created when
you ask for one to be written, is that there is no File and Block
specified, so the restore code must search all data in the Volume to find
the requested file. A fully specified bootstrap file would have the File
and Blocks specified as follows:
<P>
<PRE>
Volume="DLT-22Apr05"
VolSessionId=11
VolSessionTime=1114075126
VolFile=118-118
VolBlock=0-4053
FileIndex=1-1
</PRE>
<P>
Once you have restored the ASCII dump of the database,
you will then to follow the instructions for your
database type to recreate the database from the ASCII backup file.
See the Catalog MaintenanceCatMaintenanceChapter chapter of
this manual for examples of the command needed to restore a
database from an ASCII dump (they are shown in the Compacting Your
XXX Database sections).
<P>
Also, please note that after you restore your database from an ASCII
backup, you do NOT want to do a <B>make_bacula_tables</B> command, or
you will probably erase your newly restored database tables.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution without a Job Listing</STRONG></DT>
<DD>If you do not have a job listing, then it is a bit more difficult.
Either you use the bscanbscan program to scan the contents
of your tape into a database, which can be very time consuming
depending on the size of the tape, or you can use the blsbls
program to list everything on the tape, and reconstruct a bootstrap
file from the bls listing for the file or files you want following
the instructions given above.
<P>
There is a specific example of how to use <B>bls</B> below.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>I try to restore the last known good full backup by specifying
item 3 on the restore menu then the JobId to restore. Bacula
then reports:
<P>
<PRE>
1 Job 0 Files
</PRE> and restores nothing.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Most likely the File records were pruned from the database either due
to the File Retention period expiring or by explicitly purging the
Job. By using the "llist jobid=nn" command, you can obtain all the
important information about the job:
<P>
<PRE>
llist jobid=120
JobId: 120
Job: save.2005-12-05_18.27.33
Job.Name: save
PurgedFiles: 0
Type: B
Level: F
Job.ClientId: 1
Client.Name: Rufus
JobStatus: T
SchedTime: 2005-12-05 18:27:32
StartTime: 2005-12-05 18:27:35
EndTime: 2005-12-05 18:27:37
JobTDate: 1133803657
VolSessionId: 1
VolSessionTime: 1133803624
JobFiles: 236
JobErrors: 0
JobMissingFiles: 0
Job.PoolId: 4
Pool.Name: Full
Job.FileSetId: 1
FileSet.FileSet: BackupSet
</PRE>
<P>
Then you can find the Volume(s) used by doing:
<P>
<PRE>
sql
select VolumeName from JobMedia,Media where JobId=1 and JobMedia.MediaId=Media.MediaId;
</PRE>
<P>
Finally, you can create a bootstrap file as described in the previous
problem above using this information.
<P>
If you are using Bacula version 1.38.0 or greater, when you select
item 3 from the menu and enter the JobId, it will ask you if
you would like to restore all the files in the job, and it will
collect the above information and write the bootstrap file for
you.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>You don't have a bootstrap file, and you don't have the Job report for
the backup of your database, but you did backup the database, and you
know the Volume to which it was backed up.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Either bscan the tape (see below for bscanning), or better use <B>bls</B>
to find where it is on the tape, then use <B>bextract</B> to
restore the database. For example,
<P>
<PRE>
./bls -j -V DLT-22Apr05 /dev/nst0
</PRE> Might produce the following output:
<PRE>
bls: butil.c:258 Using device: "/dev/nst0" for reading.
21-Jul 18:34 bls: Ready to read from volume "DLT-22Apr05" on device "DLTDrive"
(/dev/nst0).
Volume Record: File:blk=0:0 SessId=11 SessTime=1114075126 JobId=0 DataLen=164
...
Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=118:0 SessId=11 SessTime=1114075126
JobId=7510
Job=CatalogBackup.2005-04-22_01.10.0 Date=22-Apr-2005 10:21:00 Level=F Type=B
End Job Session Record: File:blk=118:4053 SessId=11 SessTime=1114075126
JobId=7510
Date=22-Apr-2005 10:23:06 Level=F Type=B Files=1 Bytes=210,739,395 Errors=0
Status=T
...
21-Jul 18:34 bls: End of Volume at file 201 on device "DLTDrive" (/dev/nst0),
Volume "DLT-22Apr05"
21-Jul 18:34 bls: End of all volumes.
</PRE> Of course, there will be many more records printed, but we have indicated
the essential lines of output. From the information on the Begin Job and End
Job Session Records, you can reconstruct a bootstrap file such as the one
shown above.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>How can I find where a file is stored.
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Normally, it is not necessary, you just use the <B>restore</B> command to
restore the most recently saved version (menu option 5), or a version
saved before a given date (menu option 8). If you know the JobId of the
job in which it was saved, you can use menu option 3 to enter that JobId.
<P>
If you would like to know the JobId where a file was saved, select
restore menu option 2.
<P>
You can also use the <B>query</B> command to find information such as:
<PRE>
*query
Available queries:
1: List up to 20 places where a File is saved regardless of the
directory
2: List where the most recent copies of a file are saved
3: List last 20 Full Backups for a Client
4: List all backups for a Client after a specified time
5: List all backups for a Client
6: List Volume Attributes for a selected Volume
7: List Volumes used by selected JobId
8: List Volumes to Restore All Files
9: List Pool Attributes for a selected Pool
10: List total files/bytes by Job
11: List total files/bytes by Volume
12: List Files for a selected JobId
13: List Jobs stored on a selected MediaId
14: List Jobs stored for a given Volume name
15: List Volumes Bacula thinks are in changer
16: List Volumes likely to need replacement from age or errors
Choose a query (1-16):
</PRE>
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Problem</STRONG></DT>
<DD>I didn't backup my database. What do I do now?
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Solution</STRONG></DT>
<DD>This is probably the worst of all cases, and you will probably have
to re-create your database from scratch and then bscan in all your
Volumes, which is a very long, painful, and inexact process.
<P>
There are basically three steps to take:
<P>
<OL>
<LI>Ensure that your SQL server is running (MySQL or PostgreSQL)
and that the Bacula database (normally bacula) exists. See the
InstallationCreateDatabase chapter of the manual.
</LI>
<LI>Ensure that the Bacula databases are created. This is also
described at the above link.
</LI>
<LI>Start and stop the Bacula Director using the propriate
bacula-dir.conf file so that it can create the Client and
Storage records which are not stored on the Volumes. Without these
records, scanning is unable to connect the Job records to the proper
client.
</LI>
</OL>
<P>
When the above is complete, you can begin bscanning your Volumes. Please
see the bscanbscan section of the Volume Utility Tools of this
chapter for more details.
<P>
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
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