<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Undoing mistakes — Bazaar v2.4.2 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.4.2', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/bzr.ico"/> <link rel="top" title="Bazaar v2.4.2 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="Bazaar User Guide" href="index.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Working with another" href="partner_intro.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Releasing a project" href="releasing_a_project.html" /> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="partner_intro.html" title="Working with another" accesskey="N">next</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="releasing_a_project.html" title="Releasing a project" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><a href="http://bazaar.canonical.com/"> <img src="../_static/bzr icon 16.png" /> Home</a> | </li> <a href="http://doc.bazaar.canonical.com/en/">Documentation</a> | </li> <li><a href="../index.html">Table of Contents (2.4.2)</a> »</li> <li><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Bazaar User Guide</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="undoing-mistakes"> <h1>Undoing mistakes<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-mistakes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="section" id="mistakes-happen"> <h2>Mistakes happen<a class="headerlink" href="#mistakes-happen" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Bazaar has been designed to make it easy to recover from mistakes as explained below.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project"> <h2>Dropping the revision history for a project<a class="headerlink" href="#dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you accidentally put the wrong tree under version control, simply delete the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.bzr</span></tt> directory.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="deregistering-a-file-or-directory"> <h2>Deregistering a file or directory<a class="headerlink" href="#deregistering-a-file-or-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you accidentally register a file using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">add</span></tt> that you don’t want version controlled, you can use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">remove</span></tt> command to tell Bazaar to forget about it.</p> <p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">remove</span></tt> has been designed to <em>Do the Safe Thing</em> in that it will not delete a modified file. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr add foo.html (oops - didn't mean that) bzr remove foo.html</pre> </div> <p>This will complain about the file being modified or unknown. If you want to keep the file, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--keep</span></tt> option. Alternatively, if you want to delete the file, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--force</span></tt> option. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr add foo.html (oops - didn't mean that) bzr remove --keep foo.html (foo.html left on disk, but deregistered)</pre> </div> <p>On the other hand, the unchanged <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TODO</span></tt> file is deregistered and removed from disk without complaint in this example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr add TODO bzr commit -m "added TODO" (hack, hack, hack - but don't change TODO) bzr remove TODO (TODO file deleted)</pre> </div> <p>Note: If you delete a file using your file manager, IDE or via an operating system command, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit</span></tt> command will implicitly treat it as removed.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit"> <h2>Undoing changes since the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>One of the reasons for using a version control tool is that it lets you easily checkpoint good tree states while working. If you decide that the changes you have made since the last <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit</span></tt> ought to be thrown away, the command to use is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt> like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr revert</pre> </div> <p>As a precaution, it is good practice to use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">status</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">diff</span></tt> first to check that everything being thrown away really ought to be.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit"> <h2>Undoing changes to a file since the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you want to undo changes to a particular file since the last commit but keep all the other changes in the tree, pass the filename as an argument to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt> like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr revert foo.py</pre> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="undoing-the-last-commit"> <h2>Undoing the last commit<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-the-last-commit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you make a commit and really didn’t mean to, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></tt> command to undo it like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr uncommit</pre> </div> <p>Unlike <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></tt> leaves the content of your working tree exactly as it is. That’s really handy if you make a commit and accidently provide the wrong error message. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr commit -m "Fix bug #11" (damn - wrong bug number) bzr uncommit bzr commit -m "Fix bug #1"</pre> </div> <p>Another common reason for undoing a commit is because you forgot to add one or more files. Some users like to alias <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit</span></tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit</span> <span class="pre">--strict</span></tt> so that commits fail if unknown files are found in the tree.</p> <p>Note: While the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">merge</span></tt> command is not introduced until the next chapter, it is worth noting now that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></tt> restores any pending merges. (Running <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bzr</span> <span class="pre">status</span></tt> after <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></tt> will show these.) <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">merge</span></tt> can also be used to effectively undo just a selected commit earlier in history. For more information on <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">merge</span></tt>, see <a class="reference external" href="merging_changes.html">Merging changes</a> in the next chapter and the Bazaar User Reference.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="undoing-multiple-commits"> <h2>Undoing multiple commits<a class="headerlink" href="#undoing-multiple-commits" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>You can use the -r option to undo several commits like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr uncommit -r -3</pre> </div> <p>If your reason for doing this is that you really want to back out several changes, then be sure to remember that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uncommit</span></tt> does not change your working tree: you’ll probably need to run the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt> command as well to complete the task. In many cases though, it’s arguably better to leave your history alone and add a new revision reflecting the content of the last good state.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version"> <h2>Reverting to the state of an earlier version<a class="headerlink" href="#reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you make an unwanted change but it doesn’t make sense to uncommit it (because that code has been released to users say), you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt> to take your working tree back to the desired state. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>% bzr commit "Fix bug #5" Committed revision 20. (release the code) (hmm - bad fix) bzr revert -r 19 bzr commit -m "Backout fix for bug #5"</pre> </div> <p>This will change your entire tree back to the state as of revision 19, which is probably only what you want if you haven’t made any new commits since then. If you have, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">revert</span></tt> would wipe them out as well. In that case, you probably want to use <a class="reference external" href="adv_merging.html#reverse-cherrypicking">Reverse cherrypicking</a> instead to back out the bad fix.</p> <p>Note: As an alternative to using an absolute revision number (like 19), you can specify one relative to the tip (-1) using a negative number like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr revert -r -2</pre> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="correcting-a-tag"> <h2>Correcting a tag<a class="headerlink" href="#correcting-a-tag" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you have defined a tag prematurely, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--force</span></tt> option of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tag</span></tt> command to redefine it. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr tag 2.0-beta-1 (oops, we're not yet ready for that) (make more commits to include more fixes) bzr tag 2.0-beta-1 --force</pre> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="clearing-a-tag"> <h2>Clearing a tag<a class="headerlink" href="#clearing-a-tag" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>If you have defined a tag and no longer want it defined, use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--delete</span></tt> option of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tag</span></tt> command to remove it. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>bzr tag 2.0-beta-4 (oops, we're not releasing a 4th beta) bzr tag 2.0-beta-4 --delete</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Undoing mistakes</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#mistakes-happen">Mistakes happen</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dropping-the-revision-history-for-a-project">Dropping the revision history for a project</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#deregistering-a-file-or-directory">Deregistering a file or directory</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-changes-since-the-last-commit">Undoing changes since the last commit</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-changes-to-a-file-since-the-last-commit">Undoing changes to a file since the last commit</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-the-last-commit">Undoing the last commit</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#undoing-multiple-commits">Undoing multiple commits</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#reverting-to-the-state-of-an-earlier-version">Reverting to the state of an earlier version</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#correcting-a-tag">Correcting a tag</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#clearing-a-tag">Clearing a tag</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="releasing_a_project.html" title="previous chapter">Releasing a project</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="partner_intro.html" title="next chapter">Working with another</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/user-guide/undoing_mistakes.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" size="18" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="partner_intro.html" title="Working with another" >next</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="releasing_a_project.html" title="Releasing a project" >previous</a> |</li> <li><a href="http://bazaar.canonical.com/"> <img src="../_static/bzr icon 16.png" /> Home</a> | </li> <a href="http://doc.bazaar.canonical.com/en/">Documentation</a> | </li> <li><a href="../index.html">Table of Contents (2.4.2)</a> »</li> <li><a href="index.html" >Bazaar User Guide</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © Copyright 2009-2011 Canonical Ltd. 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