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<a name="unistdio_002eh"></a>
<a name="SEC18"></a>
<h1 class="chapter"> <a href="libunistring.html#TOC18">6. Output with Unicode strings <code>&lt;unistdio.h&gt;</code></a> </h1>

<p>This include file declares functions for doing formatted output with Unicode
strings.  It defines a set of functions similar to <code>fprintf</code> and
<code>sprintf</code>, which are declared in <code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code>.
</p>
<p>These functions work like the <code>printf</code> function family.
In the format string:
</p><ul class="toc">
<li>
The format directive &lsquo;<samp>U</samp>&rsquo; takes an UTF-8 string (<code>const uint8_t *</code>).
</li><li>
The format directive &lsquo;<samp>lU</samp>&rsquo; takes an UTF-16 string
(<code>const uint16_t *</code>).
</li><li>
The format directive &lsquo;<samp>llU</samp>&rsquo; takes an UTF-32 string
(<code>const uint32_t *</code>).
</li></ul>

<p>A function name with an infix &lsquo;<samp>v</samp>&rsquo; indicates that a <code>va_list</code> is
passed instead of multiple arguments.
</p>
<p>The functions <code>*sprintf</code> have a <var>buf</var> argument that is assumed to be
large enough.
(<em>DANGEROUS!  Overflowing the buffer will crash the program.</em>)
</p>
<p>The functions <code>*snprintf</code> have a <var>buf</var> argument that is assumed to be
<var>size</var> units large.  (<em>DANGEROUS!  The resulting string might be
truncated in the middle of a multibyte character.</em>)
</p>
<p>The functions <code>*asprintf</code> have a <var>resultp</var> argument.  The result will
be freshly allocated and stored in <code>*resultp</code>.
</p>
<p>The functions <code>*asnprintf</code> have a (<var>resultbuf</var>, <var>lengthp</var>)
argument pair.  If <var>resultbuf</var> is not NULL and the result fits into
<code>*<var>lengthp</var></code> units, it is put in <var>resultbuf</var>, and <var>resultbuf</var>
is returned.  Otherwise, a freshly allocated string is returned.  In both
cases, <code>*<var>lengthp</var></code> is set to the length (number of units) of the
returned string.  In case of error, NULL is returned and <code>errno</code> is set.
</p>
<p>The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result that
is a <code>char *</code> string in locale encoding.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_sprintf</b><i> (char *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX179"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_snprintf</b><i> (char *<var>buf</var>, size_t size, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX180"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_asprintf</b><i> (char **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX181"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> char * <b>ulc_asnprintf</b><i> (char *<var>resultbuf</var>, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX182"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_vsprintf</b><i> (char *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX183"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_vsnprintf</b><i> (char *<var>buf</var>, size_t size, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX184"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_vasprintf</b><i> (char **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX185"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> char * <b>ulc_vasnprintf</b><i> (char *<var>resultbuf</var>, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX186"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in
UTF-8 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_sprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX187"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_snprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX188"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_asprintf</b><i> (uint8_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX189"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint8_t * <b>u8_asnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>resultbuf</var>, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX190"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_vsprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list ap)</i>
<a name="IDX191"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX192"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_vasprintf</b><i> (uint8_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX193"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint8_t * <b>u8_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX194"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an UTF-8 format string and return a result in
UTF-8 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_sprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX195"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_snprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX196"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_asprintf</b><i> (uint8_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX197"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint8_t * <b>u8_u8_asnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX198"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_vsprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX199"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX200"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u8_u8_vasprintf</b><i> (uint8_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX201"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint8_t * <b>u8_u8_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint8_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint8_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX202"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in
UTF-16 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_sprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX203"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_snprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX204"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_asprintf</b><i> (uint16_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX205"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint16_t * <b>u16_asnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>resultbuf</var>, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX206"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_vsprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list ap)</i>
<a name="IDX207"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX208"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_vasprintf</b><i> (uint16_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX209"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint16_t * <b>u16_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX210"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an UTF-16 format string and return a result in
UTF-16 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_sprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX211"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_snprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX212"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_asprintf</b><i> (uint16_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX213"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint16_t * <b>u16_u16_asnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX214"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_vsprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX215"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX216"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u16_u16_vasprintf</b><i> (uint16_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX217"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint16_t * <b>u16_u16_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint16_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint16_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX218"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in
UTF-32 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_sprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX219"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_snprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX220"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_asprintf</b><i> (uint32_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX221"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint32_t * <b>u32_asnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>resultbuf</var>, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX222"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_vsprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list ap)</i>
<a name="IDX223"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX224"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_vasprintf</b><i> (uint32_t **<var>resultp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX225"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint32_t * <b>u32_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX226"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an UTF-32 format string and return a result in
UTF-32 format.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_sprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX227"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_snprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX228"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_asprintf</b><i> (uint32_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX229"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint32_t * <b>u32_u32_asnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX230"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_vsprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX231"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_vsnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *<var>buf</var>, size_t <var>size</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX232"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>u32_u32_vasprintf</b><i> (uint32_t **<var>resultp</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX233"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> uint32_t * <b>u32_u32_vasnprintf</b><i> (uint32_t *resultbuf, size_t *<var>lengthp</var>, const uint32_t *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX234"></a>
</dt>
</dl>

<p>The following functions take an ASCII format string and produce output in
locale encoding to a <code>FILE</code> stream.
</p>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_fprintf</b><i> (FILE *<var>stream</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, ...)</i>
<a name="IDX235"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><u>Function:</u> int <b>ulc_vfprintf</b><i> (FILE *<var>stream</var>, const char *<var>format</var>, va_list <var>ap</var>)</i>
<a name="IDX236"></a>
</dt>
</dl>
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