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<img alt="Erlang logo" src="../../../../doc/erlang-logo.png"><br><small><a href="index.html">Reference Manual</a><br><a href="release_notes.html">Release Notes</a><br><a href="../pdf/kernel-2.15.3.pdf">PDF</a><br><a href="../../../../doc/index.html">Top</a></small><p><strong>Kernel</strong><br><strong>Reference Manual</strong><br><small>Version 2.15.3</small></p>
<br><a href="javascript:openAllFlips()">Expand All</a><br><a href="javascript:closeAllFlips()">Contract All</a><p><small><strong>Table of Contents</strong></small></p>
<ul class="flipMenu">
<li title="kernel (App)"><a href="kernel_app.html">kernel (App)
</a></li>
<li id="no" title="application " expanded="false">application<ul>
<li><a href="application.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="get_all_env-0"><a href="application.html#get_all_env-0">get_all_env/0</a></li>
<li title="get_all_env-1"><a href="application.html#get_all_env-1">get_all_env/1</a></li>
<li title="get_all_key-0"><a href="application.html#get_all_key-0">get_all_key/0</a></li>
<li title="get_all_key-1"><a href="application.html#get_all_key-1">get_all_key/1</a></li>
<li title="get_application-0"><a href="application.html#get_application-0">get_application/0</a></li>
<li title="get_application-1"><a href="application.html#get_application-1">get_application/1</a></li>
<li title="get_env-1"><a href="application.html#get_env-1">get_env/1</a></li>
<li title="get_env-2"><a href="application.html#get_env-2">get_env/2</a></li>
<li title="get_key-1"><a href="application.html#get_key-1">get_key/1</a></li>
<li title="get_key-2"><a href="application.html#get_key-2">get_key/2</a></li>
<li title="load-1"><a href="application.html#load-1">load/1</a></li>
<li title="load-2"><a href="application.html#load-2">load/2</a></li>
<li title="loaded_applications-0"><a href="application.html#loaded_applications-0">loaded_applications/0</a></li>
<li title="permit-2"><a href="application.html#permit-2">permit/2</a></li>
<li title="set_env-3"><a href="application.html#set_env-3">set_env/3</a></li>
<li title="set_env-4"><a href="application.html#set_env-4">set_env/4</a></li>
<li title="start-1"><a href="application.html#start-1">start/1</a></li>
<li title="start-2"><a href="application.html#start-2">start/2</a></li>
<li title="start_type-0"><a href="application.html#start_type-0">start_type/0</a></li>
<li title="stop-1"><a href="application.html#stop-1">stop/1</a></li>
<li title="takeover-2"><a href="application.html#takeover-2">takeover/2</a></li>
<li title="unload-1"><a href="application.html#unload-1">unload/1</a></li>
<li title="unset_env-2"><a href="application.html#unset_env-2">unset_env/2</a></li>
<li title="unset_env-3"><a href="application.html#unset_env-3">unset_env/3</a></li>
<li title="which_applications-0"><a href="application.html#which_applications-0">which_applications/0</a></li>
<li title="which_applications-1"><a href="application.html#which_applications-1">which_applications/1</a></li>
<li title="Module:start-2"><a href="application.html#Module:start-2">Module:start/2</a></li>
<li title="Module:start_phase-3"><a href="application.html#Module:start_phase-3">Module:start_phase/3</a></li>
<li title="Module:prep_stop-1"><a href="application.html#Module:prep_stop-1">Module:prep_stop/1</a></li>
<li title="Module:stop-1"><a href="application.html#Module:stop-1">Module:stop/1</a></li>
<li title="Module:config_change-3"><a href="application.html#Module:config_change-3">Module:config_change/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li title="is_auth-1"><a href="auth.html#is_auth-1">is_auth/1</a></li>
<li title="cookie-0"><a href="auth.html#cookie-0">cookie/0</a></li>
<li title="cookie-1"><a href="auth.html#cookie-1">cookie/1</a></li>
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<li title="node_cookie-2"><a href="auth.html#node_cookie-2">node_cookie/2</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="code " expanded="false">code<ul>
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<li title="set_path-1"><a href="code.html#set_path-1">set_path/1</a></li>
<li title="get_path-0"><a href="code.html#get_path-0">get_path/0</a></li>
<li title="add_path-1"><a href="code.html#add_path-1">add_path/1</a></li>
<li title="add_pathz-1"><a href="code.html#add_pathz-1">add_pathz/1</a></li>
<li title="add_patha-1"><a href="code.html#add_patha-1">add_patha/1</a></li>
<li title="add_paths-1"><a href="code.html#add_paths-1">add_paths/1</a></li>
<li title="add_pathsz-1"><a href="code.html#add_pathsz-1">add_pathsz/1</a></li>
<li title="add_pathsa-1"><a href="code.html#add_pathsa-1">add_pathsa/1</a></li>
<li title="del_path-1"><a href="code.html#del_path-1">del_path/1</a></li>
<li title="replace_path-2"><a href="code.html#replace_path-2">replace_path/2</a></li>
<li title="load_file-1"><a href="code.html#load_file-1">load_file/1</a></li>
<li title="load_abs-1"><a href="code.html#load_abs-1">load_abs/1</a></li>
<li title="ensure_loaded-1"><a href="code.html#ensure_loaded-1">ensure_loaded/1</a></li>
<li title="load_binary-3"><a href="code.html#load_binary-3">load_binary/3</a></li>
<li title="delete-1"><a href="code.html#delete-1">delete/1</a></li>
<li title="purge-1"><a href="code.html#purge-1">purge/1</a></li>
<li title="soft_purge-1"><a href="code.html#soft_purge-1">soft_purge/1</a></li>
<li title="is_loaded-1"><a href="code.html#is_loaded-1">is_loaded/1</a></li>
<li title="all_loaded-0"><a href="code.html#all_loaded-0">all_loaded/0</a></li>
<li title="which-1"><a href="code.html#which-1">which/1</a></li>
<li title="get_object_code-1"><a href="code.html#get_object_code-1">get_object_code/1</a></li>
<li title="root_dir-0"><a href="code.html#root_dir-0">root_dir/0</a></li>
<li title="lib_dir-0"><a href="code.html#lib_dir-0">lib_dir/0</a></li>
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<li title="lib_dir-2"><a href="code.html#lib_dir-2">lib_dir/2</a></li>
<li title="compiler_dir-0"><a href="code.html#compiler_dir-0">compiler_dir/0</a></li>
<li title="priv_dir-1"><a href="code.html#priv_dir-1">priv_dir/1</a></li>
<li title="objfile_extension-0"><a href="code.html#objfile_extension-0">objfile_extension/0</a></li>
<li title="stick_dir-1"><a href="code.html#stick_dir-1">stick_dir/1</a></li>
<li title="unstick_dir-1"><a href="code.html#unstick_dir-1">unstick_dir/1</a></li>
<li title="is_sticky-1"><a href="code.html#is_sticky-1">is_sticky/1</a></li>
<li title="rehash-0"><a href="code.html#rehash-0">rehash/0</a></li>
<li title="where_is_file-1"><a href="code.html#where_is_file-1">where_is_file/1</a></li>
<li title="clash-0"><a href="code.html#clash-0">clash/0</a></li>
<li title="is_module_native-1"><a href="code.html#is_module_native-1">is_module_native/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="disk_log " expanded="false">disk_log<ul>
<li><a href="disk_log.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="accessible_logs-0"><a href="disk_log.html#accessible_logs-0">accessible_logs/0</a></li>
<li title="alog-2"><a href="disk_log.html#alog-2">alog/2</a></li>
<li title="balog-2"><a href="disk_log.html#balog-2">balog/2</a></li>
<li title="alog_terms-2"><a href="disk_log.html#alog_terms-2">alog_terms/2</a></li>
<li title="balog_terms-2"><a href="disk_log.html#balog_terms-2">balog_terms/2</a></li>
<li title="block-1"><a href="disk_log.html#block-1">block/1</a></li>
<li title="block-2"><a href="disk_log.html#block-2">block/2</a></li>
<li title="change_header-2"><a href="disk_log.html#change_header-2">change_header/2</a></li>
<li title="change_notify-3"><a href="disk_log.html#change_notify-3">change_notify/3</a></li>
<li title="change_size-2"><a href="disk_log.html#change_size-2">change_size/2</a></li>
<li title="chunk-2"><a href="disk_log.html#chunk-2">chunk/2</a></li>
<li title="chunk-3"><a href="disk_log.html#chunk-3">chunk/3</a></li>
<li title="bchunk-2"><a href="disk_log.html#bchunk-2">bchunk/2</a></li>
<li title="bchunk-3"><a href="disk_log.html#bchunk-3">bchunk/3</a></li>
<li title="chunk_info-1"><a href="disk_log.html#chunk_info-1">chunk_info/1</a></li>
<li title="chunk_step-3"><a href="disk_log.html#chunk_step-3">chunk_step/3</a></li>
<li title="close-1"><a href="disk_log.html#close-1">close/1</a></li>
<li title="format_error-1"><a href="disk_log.html#format_error-1">format_error/1</a></li>
<li title="inc_wrap_file-1"><a href="disk_log.html#inc_wrap_file-1">inc_wrap_file/1</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="disk_log.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="lclose-1"><a href="disk_log.html#lclose-1">lclose/1</a></li>
<li title="lclose-2"><a href="disk_log.html#lclose-2">lclose/2</a></li>
<li title="log-2"><a href="disk_log.html#log-2">log/2</a></li>
<li title="blog-2"><a href="disk_log.html#blog-2">blog/2</a></li>
<li title="log_terms-2"><a href="disk_log.html#log_terms-2">log_terms/2</a></li>
<li title="blog_terms-2"><a href="disk_log.html#blog_terms-2">blog_terms/2</a></li>
<li title="open-1"><a href="disk_log.html#open-1">open/1</a></li>
<li title="pid2name-1"><a href="disk_log.html#pid2name-1">pid2name/1</a></li>
<li title="reopen-2"><a href="disk_log.html#reopen-2">reopen/2</a></li>
<li title="reopen-3"><a href="disk_log.html#reopen-3">reopen/3</a></li>
<li title="breopen-3"><a href="disk_log.html#breopen-3">breopen/3</a></li>
<li title="sync-1"><a href="disk_log.html#sync-1">sync/1</a></li>
<li title="truncate-1"><a href="disk_log.html#truncate-1">truncate/1</a></li>
<li title="truncate-2"><a href="disk_log.html#truncate-2">truncate/2</a></li>
<li title="btruncate-2"><a href="disk_log.html#btruncate-2">btruncate/2</a></li>
<li title="unblock-1"><a href="disk_log.html#unblock-1">unblock/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="erl_boot_server " expanded="false">erl_boot_server<ul>
<li><a href="erl_boot_server.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="start-1"><a href="erl_boot_server.html#start-1">start/1</a></li>
<li title="start_link-1"><a href="erl_boot_server.html#start_link-1">start_link/1</a></li>
<li title="add_slave-1"><a href="erl_boot_server.html#add_slave-1">add_slave/1</a></li>
<li title="delete_slave-1"><a href="erl_boot_server.html#delete_slave-1">delete_slave/1</a></li>
<li title="which_slaves-0"><a href="erl_boot_server.html#which_slaves-0">which_slaves/0</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="erl_ddll " expanded="false">erl_ddll<ul>
<li><a href="erl_ddll.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="demonitor-1"><a href="erl_ddll.html#demonitor-1">demonitor/1</a></li>
<li title="info-0"><a href="erl_ddll.html#info-0">info/0</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="erl_ddll.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="info-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#info-2">info/2</a></li>
<li title="load-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#load-2">load/2</a></li>
<li title="load_driver-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#load_driver-2">load_driver/2</a></li>
<li title="monitor-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#monitor-2">monitor/2</a></li>
<li title="reload-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#reload-2">reload/2</a></li>
<li title="reload_driver-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#reload_driver-2">reload_driver/2</a></li>
<li title="try_load-3"><a href="erl_ddll.html#try_load-3">try_load/3</a></li>
<li title="try_unload-2"><a href="erl_ddll.html#try_unload-2">try_unload/2</a></li>
<li title="unload-1"><a href="erl_ddll.html#unload-1">unload/1</a></li>
<li title="unload_driver-1"><a href="erl_ddll.html#unload_driver-1">unload_driver/1</a></li>
<li title="loaded_drivers-0"><a href="erl_ddll.html#loaded_drivers-0">loaded_drivers/0</a></li>
<li title="format_error-1"><a href="erl_ddll.html#format_error-1">format_error/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li title="erl_prim_loader"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html">erl_prim_loader</a></li>
<li title="erlang"><a href="erlang.html">erlang</a></li>
<li id="no" title="error_handler " expanded="false">error_handler<ul>
<li><a href="error_handler.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="undefined_function-3"><a href="error_handler.html#undefined_function-3">undefined_function/3</a></li>
<li title="undefined_lambda-3"><a href="error_handler.html#undefined_lambda-3">undefined_lambda/3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="error_logger " expanded="false">error_logger<ul>
<li><a href="error_logger.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="error_msg-1"><a href="error_logger.html#error_msg-1">error_msg/1</a></li>
<li title="error_msg-2"><a href="error_logger.html#error_msg-2">error_msg/2</a></li>
<li title="format-2"><a href="error_logger.html#format-2">format/2</a></li>
<li title="error_report-1"><a href="error_logger.html#error_report-1">error_report/1</a></li>
<li title="error_report-2"><a href="error_logger.html#error_report-2">error_report/2</a></li>
<li title="warning_map-0"><a href="error_logger.html#warning_map-0">warning_map/0</a></li>
<li title="warning_msg-1"><a href="error_logger.html#warning_msg-1">warning_msg/1</a></li>
<li title="warning_msg-2"><a href="error_logger.html#warning_msg-2">warning_msg/2</a></li>
<li title="warning_report-1"><a href="error_logger.html#warning_report-1">warning_report/1</a></li>
<li title="warning_report-2"><a href="error_logger.html#warning_report-2">warning_report/2</a></li>
<li title="info_msg-1"><a href="error_logger.html#info_msg-1">info_msg/1</a></li>
<li title="info_msg-2"><a href="error_logger.html#info_msg-2">info_msg/2</a></li>
<li title="info_report-1"><a href="error_logger.html#info_report-1">info_report/1</a></li>
<li title="info_report-2"><a href="error_logger.html#info_report-2">info_report/2</a></li>
<li title="add_report_handler-1"><a href="error_logger.html#add_report_handler-1">add_report_handler/1</a></li>
<li title="add_report_handler-2"><a href="error_logger.html#add_report_handler-2">add_report_handler/2</a></li>
<li title="delete_report_handler-1"><a href="error_logger.html#delete_report_handler-1">delete_report_handler/1</a></li>
<li title="tty-1"><a href="error_logger.html#tty-1">tty/1</a></li>
<li title="logfile-1"><a href="error_logger.html#logfile-1">logfile/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="file " expanded="false">file<ul>
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<li title="change_group-2"><a href="file.html#change_group-2">change_group/2</a></li>
<li title="change_mode-2"><a href="file.html#change_mode-2">change_mode/2</a></li>
<li title="change_owner-2"><a href="file.html#change_owner-2">change_owner/2</a></li>
<li title="change_owner-3"><a href="file.html#change_owner-3">change_owner/3</a></li>
<li title="change_time-2"><a href="file.html#change_time-2">change_time/2</a></li>
<li title="change_time-3"><a href="file.html#change_time-3">change_time/3</a></li>
<li title="close-1"><a href="file.html#close-1">close/1</a></li>
<li title="consult-1"><a href="file.html#consult-1">consult/1</a></li>
<li title="copy-2"><a href="file.html#copy-2">copy/2</a></li>
<li title="copy-3"><a href="file.html#copy-3">copy/3</a></li>
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<li title="delete-1"><a href="file.html#delete-1">delete/1</a></li>
<li title="eval-1"><a href="file.html#eval-1">eval/1</a></li>
<li title="eval-2"><a href="file.html#eval-2">eval/2</a></li>
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<div id="content">
<div class="innertube">
<!-- refpage --><center><h1>kernel</h1></center>
<h3>APPLICATION</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">kernel</div>
<h3>APPLICATION SUMMARY</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">The Kernel Application</div>
<h3>DESCRIPTION</h3>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The Kernel application is the first application started. It is
mandatory in the sense that the minimal system based on
Erlang/OTP consists of Kernel and STDLIB. The Kernel application
contains the following services:</p>
<ul>
<li>application controller, see <span class="code">application(3)</span>
</li>
<li><span class="code">code</span></li>
<li><span class="code">disk_log</span></li>
<li>
<span class="code">dist_ac</span>, distributed application controller</li>
<li><span class="code">erl_boot_server</span></li>
<li><span class="code">erl_ddll</span></li>
<li><span class="code">error_logger</span></li>
<li><span class="code">file</span></li>
<li><span class="code">global</span></li>
<li><span class="code">global_group</span></li>
<li><span class="code">heart</span></li>
<li><span class="code">inet</span></li>
<li><span class="code">net_kernel</span></li>
<li><span class="code">os</span></li>
<li><span class="code">pg2</span></li>
<li><span class="code">rpc</span></li>
<li><span class="code">seq_trace</span></li>
<li><span class="code">user</span></li>
</ul>
</p></div>
<h3><a name="id89635">Error Logger Event Handlers</a></h3>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Two standard error logger event handlers are defined in
the Kernel application. These are described in
<span class="bold_code"><a href="error_logger.html">error_logger(3)</a></span>.</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="id97789">Configuration</a></h3>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>The following configuration parameters are defined for the Kernel
application. See <span class="code">app(3)</span> for more information about
configuration parameters.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><span class="code">browser_cmd = string() | {M,F,A}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>When pressing the Help button in a tool such as Debugger or
TV, the help text (an HTML file <span class="code">File</span>) is by default
displayed in a Netscape browser which is required to be up and
running. This parameter can be used to change the command for
how to display the help text if another browser than Netscape
is preferred, or another platform than Unix or Windows is
used.</p>
<p>If set to a string <span class="code">Command</span>, the command
<span class="code">"Command File"</span> will be evaluated using <span class="code">os:cmd/1</span>.</p>
<p>If set to a module-function-args tuple <span class="code">{M,F,A}</span>,
the call <span class="code">apply(M,F,[File|A])</span> will be evaluated.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">distributed = [Distrib]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies which applications are distributed and on which
nodes they may execute. In this parameter:</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="code">Distrib = {App,Nodes} | {App,Time,Nodes}</span></li>
<li><span class="code">App = atom()</span></li>
<li><span class="code">Time = integer()>0</span></li>
<li><span class="code">Nodes = [node() | {node(),...,node()}]</span></li>
</ul>
<p>The parameter is described in <span class="code">application(3)</span>, function
<span class="code">load/2</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">dist_auto_connect = Value</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies when nodes will be automatically connected. If
this parameter is not specified, a node is always
automatically connected, e.g when a message is to be sent to
that node. <span class="code">Value</span> is one of:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><span class="code">never</span></strong></dt>
<dd>Connections are never automatically established, they
must be explicitly connected. See <span class="code">net_kernel(3)</span>.</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">once</span></strong></dt>
<dd>Connections will be established automatically, but only
once per node. If a node goes down, it must thereafter be
explicitly connected. See <span class="code">net_kernel(3)</span>.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">permissions = [Perm]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the default permission for applications when they
are started. In this parameter:</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="code">Perm = {ApplName,Bool}</span></li>
<li><span class="code">ApplName = atom()</span></li>
<li><span class="code">Bool = boolean()</span></li>
</ul>
<p>Permissions are described in <span class="code">application(3)</span>, function
<span class="code">permit/2</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">error_logger = Value</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p><span class="code">Value</span> is one of:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><span class="code">tty</span></strong></dt>
<dd>Installs the standard event handler which prints error
reports to <span class="code">stdio</span>. This is the default option.</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">{file, FileName}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>Installs the standard event handler which prints error
reports to the file <span class="code">FileName</span>, where <span class="code">FileName</span>
is a string.</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>No standard event handler is installed, but
the initial, primitive event handler is kept, printing
raw event messages to tty.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">silent</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Error logging is turned off.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">global_groups = [GroupTuple]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Defines global groups, see <span class="code">global_group(3)</span>.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="code">GroupTuple = {GroupName, [Node]} | {GroupName, PublishType, [Node]}</span></li>
<li><span class="code">GroupName = atom()</span></li>
<li><span class="code">PublishType = normal | hidden</span></li>
<li><span class="code">Node = node()</span></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">inet_default_connect_options = [{Opt, Val}]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies default options for <span class="code">connect</span> sockets,
see <span class="code">inet(3)</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">inet_default_listen_options = [{Opt, Val}]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies default options for <span class="code">listen</span> (and
<span class="code">accept</span>) sockets, see <span class="code">inet(3)</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">{inet_dist_use_interface, ip_address()}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>If the host of an Erlang node has several network interfaces,
this parameter specifies which one to listen on. See
<span class="code">inet(3)</span> for the type definition of <span class="code">ip_address()</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">{inet_dist_listen_min, First}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>See below.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">{inet_dist_listen_max, Last}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Define the <span class="code">First..Last</span> port range for the listener
socket of a distributed Erlang node.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">inet_parse_error_log = silent</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>If this configuration parameter is set, no
<span class="code">error_logger</span> messages are generated when erroneous
lines are found and skipped in the various Inet configuration
files.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">inetrc = Filename</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>The name (string) of an Inet user configuration file. See
ERTS User's Guide, Inet configuration.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">net_setuptime = SetupTime</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<a name="net_setuptime"></a>
<p><span class="code">SetupTime</span> must be a positive integer or floating point
number, and will be interpreted as the maximally allowed time
for each network operation during connection setup to another
Erlang node. The maximum allowed value is 120; if higher values
are given, 120 will be used. The default value if the variable
is not given, or if the value is incorrect (e.g. not a number),
is 7 seconds.</p>
<p>Note that this value does not limit the total connection
setup time, but rather each individual network operation during
the connection setup and handshake.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">net_ticktime = TickTime</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<a name="net_ticktime"></a>
<p>Specifies the <span class="code">net_kernel</span> tick time. <span class="code">TickTime</span>
is given in seconds. Once every <span class="code">TickTime/4</span> second, all
connected nodes are ticked (if anything else has been written
to a node) and if nothing has been received from another node
within the last four (4) tick times that node is considered
to be down. This ensures that nodes which are not responding,
for reasons such as hardware errors, are considered to be
down.</p>
<p>The time <span class="code">T</span>, in which a node that is not responding is
detected, is calculated as: <span class="code">MinT < T < MaxT</span> where:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
MinT = TickTime - TickTime / 4
MaxT = TickTime + TickTime / 4</pre></div>
<p><span class="code">TickTime</span> is by default 60 (seconds). Thus,
<span class="code">45 < T < 75</span> seconds.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> All communicating nodes should have the same
<span class="code">TickTime</span> value specified.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Normally, a terminating node is detected
immediately.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">shutdown_timeout = integer() | infinity</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the time <span class="code">application_controller</span> will wait
for an application to terminate during node shutdown. If the
timer expires, <span class="code">application_controller</span> will brutally
kill <span class="code">application_master</span> of the hanging
application. If this parameter is undefined, it defaults
to <span class="code">infinity</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">sync_nodes_mandatory = [NodeName]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies which other nodes <strong>must</strong> be alive in order
for this node to start properly. If some node in the list
does not start within the specified time, this node will not
start either. If this parameter is undefined, it defaults to
[].</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">sync_nodes_optional = [NodeName]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies which other nodes <strong>can</strong> be alive in order
for this node to start properly. If some node in this list
does not start within the specified time, this node starts
anyway. If this parameter is undefined, it defaults to
the empty list.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">sync_nodes_timeout = integer() | infinity</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specifies the amount of time (in milliseconds) this node
will wait for the mandatory and optional nodes to start. If
this parameter is undefined, no node synchronization is
performed. This option also makes sure that <span class="code">global</span> is
synchronized.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">start_dist_ac = true | false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Starts the <span class="code">dist_ac</span> server if the parameter is
<span class="code">true</span>. This parameter should be set to <span class="code">true</span> for
systems that use distributed applications.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">false</span>. If this parameter is
undefined, the server is started if the parameter
<span class="code">distributed</span> is set.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">start_boot_server = true | false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Starts the <span class="code">boot_server</span> if the parameter is <span class="code">true</span>
(see <span class="code">erl_boot_server(3)</span>). This parameter should be
set to <span class="code">true</span> in an embedded system which uses this
service.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">false</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">boot_server_slaves = [SlaveIP]</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>If the <span class="code">start_boot_server</span> configuration parameter is
<span class="code">true</span>, this parameter can be used to initialize
<span class="code">boot_server</span> with a list of slave IP addresses.
<span class="code">SlaveIP = string() | atom | {integer(),integer(),integer(),integer()}</span></p>
<p>where <span class="code">0 <= integer() <=255</span>.</p>
<p>Examples of <span class="code">SlaveIP</span> in atom, string and tuple form
are: <br>
<span class="code">'150.236.16.70', "150,236,16,70", {150,236,16,70}</span>.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">[]</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">start_disk_log = true | false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Starts the <span class="code">disk_log_server</span> if the parameter is
<span class="code">true</span> (see <span class="code">disk_log(3)</span>). This parameter should be
set to true in an embedded system which uses this service.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">false</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">start_pg2 = true | false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Starts the <span class="code">pg2</span> server (see <span class="code">pg2(3)</span>) if
the parameter is <span class="code">true</span>. This parameter should be set to
<span class="code">true</span> in an embedded system which uses this service.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">false</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">start_timer = true | false</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Starts the <span class="code">timer_server</span> if the parameter is
<span class="code">true</span> (see <span class="code">timer(3)</span>). This parameter should be
set to <span class="code">true</span> in an embedded system which uses this
service.</p>
<p>The default value is <span class="code">false</span>.</p>
</dd>
<dt><strong><span class="code">shutdown_func = {Mod, Func}</span></strong></dt>
<dd>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="code">Mod = atom()</span></li>
<li><span class="code">Func = atom()</span></li>
</ul>
<p>Sets a function that <span class="code">application_controller</span> calls
when it starts to terminate. The function is called as:
<span class="code">Mod:Func(Reason)</span>, where <span class="code">Reason</span> is the terminate
reason for <span class="code">application_controller</span>, and it must
return as soon as possible for <span class="code">application_controller</span>
to terminate properly.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h3><a name="id99548">See Also</a></h3>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p><span class="bold_code"><a href="app.html">app(4)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="application.html">application(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="code.html">code(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="disk_log.html">disk_log(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_boot_server.html">erl_boot_server(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_ddll.html">erl_ddll(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="error_logger.html">error_logger(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="file.html">file(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="global.html">global(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="global_group.html">global_group(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="heart.html">heart(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="inet.html">inet(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="net_kernel.html">net_kernel(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="os.html">os(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="pg2.html">pg2(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="rpc.html">rpc(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="seq_trace.html">seq_trace(3)</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="user.html">user(3)</a></span></p>
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