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<img alt="Erlang logo" src="../../../../doc/erlang-logo.png"><br><small><a href="users_guide.html">User's Guide</a><br><a href="index.html">Reference Manual</a><br><a href="release_notes.html">Release Notes</a><br><a href="../pdf/stdlib-1.18.3.pdf">PDF</a><br><a href="../../../../doc/index.html">Top</a></small><p><strong>STDLIB</strong><br><strong>Reference Manual</strong><br><small>Version 1.18.3</small></p>
<br><a href="javascript:openAllFlips()">Expand All</a><br><a href="javascript:closeAllFlips()">Contract All</a><p><small><strong>Table of Contents</strong></small></p>
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<li title="STDLIB (App)"><a href="STDLIB_app.html">STDLIB (App)
</a></li>
<li id="no" title="array " expanded="false">array<ul>
<li><a href="array.html">
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</a></li>
<li title="default-1"><a href="array.html#default-1">default/1</a></li>
<li title="fix-1"><a href="array.html#fix-1">fix/1</a></li>
<li title="foldl-3"><a href="array.html#foldl-3">foldl/3</a></li>
<li title="foldr-3"><a href="array.html#foldr-3">foldr/3</a></li>
<li title="from_list-1"><a href="array.html#from_list-1">from_list/1</a></li>
<li title="from_list-2"><a href="array.html#from_list-2">from_list/2</a></li>
<li title="from_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#from_orddict-1">from_orddict/1</a></li>
<li title="from_orddict-2"><a href="array.html#from_orddict-2">from_orddict/2</a></li>
<li title="get-2"><a href="array.html#get-2">get/2</a></li>
<li title="is_array-1"><a href="array.html#is_array-1">is_array/1</a></li>
<li title="is_fix-1"><a href="array.html#is_fix-1">is_fix/1</a></li>
<li title="map-2"><a href="array.html#map-2">map/2</a></li>
<li title="new-0"><a href="array.html#new-0">new/0</a></li>
<li title="new-1"><a href="array.html#new-1">new/1</a></li>
<li title="new-2"><a href="array.html#new-2">new/2</a></li>
<li title="relax-1"><a href="array.html#relax-1">relax/1</a></li>
<li title="reset-2"><a href="array.html#reset-2">reset/2</a></li>
<li title="resize-1"><a href="array.html#resize-1">resize/1</a></li>
<li title="resize-2"><a href="array.html#resize-2">resize/2</a></li>
<li title="set-3"><a href="array.html#set-3">set/3</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="array.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_foldl-3"><a href="array.html#sparse_foldl-3">sparse_foldl/3</a></li>
<li title="sparse_foldr-3"><a href="array.html#sparse_foldr-3">sparse_foldr/3</a></li>
<li title="sparse_map-2"><a href="array.html#sparse_map-2">sparse_map/2</a></li>
<li title="sparse_size-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_size-1">sparse_size/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_to_list-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_to_list-1">sparse_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="sparse_to_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#sparse_to_orddict-1">sparse_to_orddict/1</a></li>
<li title="to_list-1"><a href="array.html#to_list-1">to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="to_orddict-1"><a href="array.html#to_orddict-1">to_orddict/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="base64 " expanded="false">base64<ul>
<li><a href="base64.html">
Top of manual page
</a></li>
<li title="encode-1"><a href="base64.html#encode-1">encode/1</a></li>
<li title="encode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#encode_to_string-1">encode_to_string/1</a></li>
<li title="decode-1"><a href="base64.html#decode-1">decode/1</a></li>
<li title="decode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#decode_to_string-1">decode_to_string/1</a></li>
<li title="mime_decode-1"><a href="base64.html#mime_decode-1">mime_decode/1</a></li>
<li title="mime_decode_to_string-1"><a href="base64.html#mime_decode_to_string-1">mime_decode_to_string/1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="beam_lib " expanded="false">beam_lib<ul>
<li><a href="beam_lib.html">
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</a></li>
<li title="chunks-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#chunks-2">chunks/2</a></li>
<li title="chunks-3"><a href="beam_lib.html#chunks-3">chunks/3</a></li>
<li title="version-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#version-1">version/1</a></li>
<li title="md5-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#md5-1">md5/1</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="cmp-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#cmp-2">cmp/2</a></li>
<li title="cmp_dirs-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#cmp_dirs-2">cmp_dirs/2</a></li>
<li title="diff_dirs-2"><a href="beam_lib.html#diff_dirs-2">diff_dirs/2</a></li>
<li title="strip-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip-1">strip/1</a></li>
<li title="strip_files-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip_files-1">strip_files/1</a></li>
<li title="strip_release-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#strip_release-1">strip_release/1</a></li>
<li title="format_error-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#format_error-1">format_error/1</a></li>
<li title="crypto_key_fun-1"><a href="beam_lib.html#crypto_key_fun-1">crypto_key_fun/1</a></li>
<li title="clear_crypto_key_fun-0"><a href="beam_lib.html#clear_crypto_key_fun-0">clear_crypto_key_fun/0</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="loadscrollpos" title="binary " expanded="true">binary<ul>
<li><a href="binary.html">
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<li title="at-2"><a href="binary.html#at-2">at/2</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-1"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-1">bin_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-2"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-2">bin_to_list/2</a></li>
<li title="bin_to_list-3"><a href="binary.html#bin_to_list-3">bin_to_list/3</a></li>
<li title="compile_pattern-1"><a href="binary.html#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></li>
<li title="copy-1"><a href="binary.html#copy-1">copy/1</a></li>
<li title="copy-2"><a href="binary.html#copy-2">copy/2</a></li>
<li title="decode_unsigned-1"><a href="binary.html#decode_unsigned-1">decode_unsigned/1</a></li>
<li title="decode_unsigned-2"><a href="binary.html#decode_unsigned-2">decode_unsigned/2</a></li>
<li title="encode_unsigned-1"><a href="binary.html#encode_unsigned-1">encode_unsigned/1</a></li>
<li title="encode_unsigned-2"><a href="binary.html#encode_unsigned-2">encode_unsigned/2</a></li>
<li title="first-1"><a href="binary.html#first-1">first/1</a></li>
<li title="last-1"><a href="binary.html#last-1">last/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_bin-1"><a href="binary.html#list_to_bin-1">list_to_bin/1</a></li>
<li title="longest_common_prefix-1"><a href="binary.html#longest_common_prefix-1">longest_common_prefix/1</a></li>
<li title="longest_common_suffix-1"><a href="binary.html#longest_common_suffix-1">longest_common_suffix/1</a></li>
<li title="match-2"><a href="binary.html#match-2">match/2</a></li>
<li title="match-3"><a href="binary.html#match-3">match/3</a></li>
<li title="matches-2"><a href="binary.html#matches-2">matches/2</a></li>
<li title="matches-3"><a href="binary.html#matches-3">matches/3</a></li>
<li title="part-2"><a href="binary.html#part-2">part/2</a></li>
<li title="part-3"><a href="binary.html#part-3">part/3</a></li>
<li title="referenced_byte_size-1"><a href="binary.html#referenced_byte_size-1">referenced_byte_size/1</a></li>
<li title="replace-3"><a href="binary.html#replace-3">replace/3</a></li>
<li title="replace-4"><a href="binary.html#replace-4">replace/4</a></li>
<li title="split-2"><a href="binary.html#split-2">split/2</a></li>
<li title="split-3"><a href="binary.html#split-3">split/3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="no" title="c " expanded="false">c<ul>
<li><a href="c.html">
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<li title="bt-1"><a href="c.html#bt-1">bt/1</a></li>
<li title="c-1"><a href="c.html#c-1">c/1</a></li>
<li title="c-2"><a href="c.html#c-2">c/2</a></li>
<li title="cd-1"><a href="c.html#cd-1">cd/1</a></li>
<li title="flush-0"><a href="c.html#flush-0">flush/0</a></li>
<li title="help-0"><a href="c.html#help-0">help/0</a></li>
<li title="i-0"><a href="c.html#i-0">i/0</a></li>
<li title="ni-0"><a href="c.html#ni-0">ni/0</a></li>
<li title="i-3"><a href="c.html#i-3">i/3</a></li>
<li title="l-1"><a href="c.html#l-1">l/1</a></li>
<li title="lc-1"><a href="c.html#lc-1">lc/1</a></li>
<li title="ls-0"><a href="c.html#ls-0">ls/0</a></li>
<li title="ls-1"><a href="c.html#ls-1">ls/1</a></li>
<li title="m-0"><a href="c.html#m-0">m/0</a></li>
<li title="m-1"><a href="c.html#m-1">m/1</a></li>
<li title="memory-0"><a href="c.html#memory-0">memory/0</a></li>
<li title="memory-1"><a href="c.html#memory-1">memory/1</a></li>
<li title="nc-1"><a href="c.html#nc-1">nc/1</a></li>
<li title="nc-2"><a href="c.html#nc-2">nc/2</a></li>
<li title="nl-1"><a href="c.html#nl-1">nl/1</a></li>
<li title="pid-3"><a href="c.html#pid-3">pid/3</a></li>
<li title="pwd-0"><a href="c.html#pwd-0">pwd/0</a></li>
<li title="q-0"><a href="c.html#q-0">q/0</a></li>
<li title="regs-0"><a href="c.html#regs-0">regs/0</a></li>
<li title="nregs-0"><a href="c.html#nregs-0">nregs/0</a></li>
<li title="xm-1"><a href="c.html#xm-1">xm/1</a></li>
<li title="y-1"><a href="c.html#y-1">y/1</a></li>
<li title="y-2"><a href="c.html#y-2">y/2</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="calendar " expanded="false">calendar<ul>
<li><a href="calendar.html">
Top of manual page
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<li title="date_to_gregorian_days-1"><a href="calendar.html#date_to_gregorian_days-1">date_to_gregorian_days/1</a></li>
<li title="date_to_gregorian_days-3"><a href="calendar.html#date_to_gregorian_days-3">date_to_gregorian_days/3</a></li>
<li title="datetime_to_gregorian_seconds-1"><a href="calendar.html#datetime_to_gregorian_seconds-1">datetime_to_gregorian_seconds/1</a></li>
<li title="day_of_the_week-1"><a href="calendar.html#day_of_the_week-1">day_of_the_week/1</a></li>
<li title="day_of_the_week-3"><a href="calendar.html#day_of_the_week-3">day_of_the_week/3</a></li>
<li title="gregorian_days_to_date-1"><a href="calendar.html#gregorian_days_to_date-1">gregorian_days_to_date/1</a></li>
<li title="gregorian_seconds_to_datetime-1"><a href="calendar.html#gregorian_seconds_to_datetime-1">gregorian_seconds_to_datetime/1</a></li>
<li title="is_leap_year-1"><a href="calendar.html#is_leap_year-1">is_leap_year/1</a></li>
<li title="iso_week_number-0"><a href="calendar.html#iso_week_number-0">iso_week_number/0</a></li>
<li title="iso_week_number-1"><a href="calendar.html#iso_week_number-1">iso_week_number/1</a></li>
<li title="last_day_of_the_month-2"><a href="calendar.html#last_day_of_the_month-2">last_day_of_the_month/2</a></li>
<li title="local_time-0"><a href="calendar.html#local_time-0">local_time/0</a></li>
<li title="local_time_to_universal_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#local_time_to_universal_time-1">local_time_to_universal_time/1</a></li>
<li title="local_time_to_universal_time_dst-1"><a href="calendar.html#local_time_to_universal_time_dst-1">local_time_to_universal_time_dst/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_local_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_local_time-1">now_to_local_time/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_universal_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_universal_time-1">now_to_universal_time/1</a></li>
<li title="now_to_datetime-1"><a href="calendar.html#now_to_datetime-1">now_to_datetime/1</a></li>
<li title="seconds_to_daystime-1"><a href="calendar.html#seconds_to_daystime-1">seconds_to_daystime/1</a></li>
<li title="seconds_to_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#seconds_to_time-1">seconds_to_time/1</a></li>
<li title="time_difference-2"><a href="calendar.html#time_difference-2">time_difference/2</a></li>
<li title="time_to_seconds-1"><a href="calendar.html#time_to_seconds-1">time_to_seconds/1</a></li>
<li title="universal_time-0"><a href="calendar.html#universal_time-0">universal_time/0</a></li>
<li title="universal_time_to_local_time-1"><a href="calendar.html#universal_time_to_local_time-1">universal_time_to_local_time/1</a></li>
<li title="valid_date-1"><a href="calendar.html#valid_date-1">valid_date/1</a></li>
<li title="valid_date-3"><a href="calendar.html#valid_date-3">valid_date/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="dets " expanded="false">dets<ul>
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<li title="all-0"><a href="dets.html#all-0">all/0</a></li>
<li title="bchunk-2"><a href="dets.html#bchunk-2">bchunk/2</a></li>
<li title="close-1"><a href="dets.html#close-1">close/1</a></li>
<li title="delete-2"><a href="dets.html#delete-2">delete/2</a></li>
<li title="delete_all_objects-1"><a href="dets.html#delete_all_objects-1">delete_all_objects/1</a></li>
<li title="delete_object-2"><a href="dets.html#delete_object-2">delete_object/2</a></li>
<li title="first-1"><a href="dets.html#first-1">first/1</a></li>
<li title="foldl-3"><a href="dets.html#foldl-3">foldl/3</a></li>
<li title="foldr-3"><a href="dets.html#foldr-3">foldr/3</a></li>
<li title="from_ets-2"><a href="dets.html#from_ets-2">from_ets/2</a></li>
<li title="info-1"><a href="dets.html#info-1">info/1</a></li>
<li title="info-2"><a href="dets.html#info-2">info/2</a></li>
<li title="init_table-2"><a href="dets.html#init_table-2">init_table/2</a></li>
<li title="init_table-3"><a href="dets.html#init_table-3">init_table/3</a></li>
<li title="insert-2"><a href="dets.html#insert-2">insert/2</a></li>
<li title="insert_new-2"><a href="dets.html#insert_new-2">insert_new/2</a></li>
<li title="is_compatible_bchunk_format-2"><a href="dets.html#is_compatible_bchunk_format-2">is_compatible_bchunk_format/2</a></li>
<li title="is_dets_file-1"><a href="dets.html#is_dets_file-1">is_dets_file/1</a></li>
<li title="lookup-2"><a href="dets.html#lookup-2">lookup/2</a></li>
<li title="match-1"><a href="dets.html#match-1">match/1</a></li>
<li title="match-2"><a href="dets.html#match-2">match/2</a></li>
<li title="match-3"><a href="dets.html#match-3">match/3</a></li>
<li title="match_delete-2"><a href="dets.html#match_delete-2">match_delete/2</a></li>
<li title="match_object-1"><a href="dets.html#match_object-1">match_object/1</a></li>
<li title="match_object-2"><a href="dets.html#match_object-2">match_object/2</a></li>
<li title="match_object-3"><a href="dets.html#match_object-3">match_object/3</a></li>
<li title="member-2"><a href="dets.html#member-2">member/2</a></li>
<li title="next-2"><a href="dets.html#next-2">next/2</a></li>
<li title="open_file-1"><a href="dets.html#open_file-1">open_file/1</a></li>
<li title="open_file-2"><a href="dets.html#open_file-2">open_file/2</a></li>
<li title="pid2name-1"><a href="dets.html#pid2name-1">pid2name/1</a></li>
<li title="repair_continuation-2"><a href="dets.html#repair_continuation-2">repair_continuation/2</a></li>
<li title="safe_fixtable-2"><a href="dets.html#safe_fixtable-2">safe_fixtable/2</a></li>
<li title="select-1"><a href="dets.html#select-1">select/1</a></li>
<li title="select-2"><a href="dets.html#select-2">select/2</a></li>
<li title="select-3"><a href="dets.html#select-3">select/3</a></li>
<li title="select_delete-2"><a href="dets.html#select_delete-2">select_delete/2</a></li>
<li title="slot-2"><a href="dets.html#slot-2">slot/2</a></li>
<li title="sync-1"><a href="dets.html#sync-1">sync/1</a></li>
<li title="table-1"><a href="dets.html#table-1">table/1</a></li>
<li title="table-2"><a href="dets.html#table-2">table/2</a></li>
<li title="to_ets-2"><a href="dets.html#to_ets-2">to_ets/2</a></li>
<li title="traverse-2"><a href="dets.html#traverse-2">traverse/2</a></li>
<li title="update_counter-3"><a href="dets.html#update_counter-3">update_counter/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="dict " expanded="false">dict<ul>
<li><a href="dict.html">
Top of manual page
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<li title="append-3"><a href="dict.html#append-3">append/3</a></li>
<li title="append_list-3"><a href="dict.html#append_list-3">append_list/3</a></li>
<li title="erase-2"><a href="dict.html#erase-2">erase/2</a></li>
<li title="fetch-2"><a href="dict.html#fetch-2">fetch/2</a></li>
<li title="fetch_keys-1"><a href="dict.html#fetch_keys-1">fetch_keys/1</a></li>
<li title="filter-2"><a href="dict.html#filter-2">filter/2</a></li>
<li title="find-2"><a href="dict.html#find-2">find/2</a></li>
<li title="fold-3"><a href="dict.html#fold-3">fold/3</a></li>
<li title="from_list-1"><a href="dict.html#from_list-1">from_list/1</a></li>
<li title="is_key-2"><a href="dict.html#is_key-2">is_key/2</a></li>
<li title="map-2"><a href="dict.html#map-2">map/2</a></li>
<li title="merge-3"><a href="dict.html#merge-3">merge/3</a></li>
<li title="new-0"><a href="dict.html#new-0">new/0</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="dict.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="store-3"><a href="dict.html#store-3">store/3</a></li>
<li title="to_list-1"><a href="dict.html#to_list-1">to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="update-3"><a href="dict.html#update-3">update/3</a></li>
<li title="update-4"><a href="dict.html#update-4">update/4</a></li>
<li title="update_counter-3"><a href="dict.html#update_counter-3">update_counter/3</a></li>
</ul>
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<li id="no" title="digraph " expanded="false">digraph<ul>
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<li title="add_edge-3"><a href="digraph.html#add_edge-3">add_edge/3</a></li>
<li title="add_edge-4"><a href="digraph.html#add_edge-4">add_edge/4</a></li>
<li title="add_edge-5"><a href="digraph.html#add_edge-5">add_edge/5</a></li>
<li title="add_vertex-1"><a href="digraph.html#add_vertex-1">add_vertex/1</a></li>
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<div class="innertube">
<!-- refpage --><center><h1>binary</h1></center>
<h3>MODULE</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">binary</div>
<h3>MODULE SUMMARY</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">Library for handling binary data</div>
<h3>DESCRIPTION</h3>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>This module contains functions for manipulating byte-oriented
binaries. Although the majority of functions could be implemented
using bit-syntax, the functions in this library are highly
optimized and are expected to either execute faster or consume
less memory (or both) than a counterpart written in pure Erlang.</p>
<p>The module is implemented according to the EEP (Erlang Enhancement Proposal) 31.</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="label">Note</div>
<div class="content"><p>
<p>
The library handles byte-oriented data. Bitstrings that are not
binaries (does not contain whole octets of bits) will result in a <span class="code">badarg</span>
exception being thrown from any of the functions in this
module.
</p>
</p></div>
</div>
</p></div>
<h3>DATA TYPES</h3>
<p>
<span class="bold_code"><a name="type-cp">cp()</a></span><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Opaque data-type representing a compiled
search-pattern. Guaranteed to be a tuple() to allow programs to
distinguish it from non precompiled search patterns.</p>
</p></div>
<p>
<span class="bold_code"><a name="type-part">part()</a> = {Start :: integer() >= 0, Length :: integer()}</span><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p><p>A representaion of a part (or range) in a binary. Start is a
zero-based offset into a binary() and Length is the length of
that part. As input to functions in this module, a reverse
part specification is allowed, constructed with a negative
Length, so that the part of the binary begins at Start +
Length and is -Length long. This is useful for referencing the
last N bytes of a binary as {size(Binary), -N}. The functions
in this module always return part()'s with positive Length.</p>
</p></div>
<h3>EXPORTS</h3>
<p><a name="at-2"><span class="bold_code">at(Subject, Pos) -> byte()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pos = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Returns the byte at position <span class="code">Pos</span> (zero-based) in the binary
<span class="code">Subject</span> as an integer. If <span class="code">Pos</span> >= <span class="code">byte_size(Subject)</span>,
a <span class="code">badarg</span>
exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="bin_to_list-1"><span class="bold_code">bin_to_list(Subject) -> [byte()]</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">bin_to_list(Subject,{0,byte_size(Subject)})</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="bin_to_list-2"><span class="bold_code">bin_to_list(Subject, PosLen) -> [byte()]</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">PosLen = part()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Converts <span class="code">Subject</span> to a list of <span class="code">byte()</span>s, each representing
the value of one byte. The <span class="code">part()</span> denotes which part of the
<span class="code">binary()</span> to convert. Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:bin_to_list(<<"erlang">>,{1,3}).
"rla"
%% or [114,108,97] in list notation.
</pre></div>
<p>If <span class="code">PosLen</span> in any way references outside the binary, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="bin_to_list-3"><span class="bold_code">bin_to_list(Subject, Pos, Len) -> [byte()]</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pos = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Len = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as<span class="code"> bin_to_list(Subject,{Pos,Len})</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="compile_pattern-1"><span class="bold_code">compile_pattern(Pattern) -> cp()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [ binary() ]</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Builds an internal structure representing a compilation of a
search-pattern, later to be used in the <span class="bold_code"><a href="#match-3">match/3</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#matches-3">matches/3</a></span>,
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#split-3">split/3</a></span> or
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#replace-4">replace/4</a></span>
functions. The <span class="code">cp()</span> returned is guaranteed to be a
<span class="code">tuple()</span> to allow programs to distinguish it from non
pre-compiled search patterns</p>
<p>When a list of binaries is given, it denotes a set of
alternative binaries to search for. I.e if
<span class="code">[<<"functional">>,<<"programming">>]</span>
is given as <span class="code">Pattern</span>, this
means "either <span class="code"><<"functional">></span> or
<span class="code"><<"programming">></span>". The pattern is a set of
alternatives; when only a single binary is given, the set has
only one element. The order of alternatives in a pattern is not significant.</p>
<p>The list of binaries used for search alternatives shall be flat and proper.</p>
<p>If <span class="code">Pattern</span> is not a binary or a flat proper list of binaries with length > 0,
a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception will be raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="copy-1"><span class="bold_code">copy(Subject) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">copy(Subject, 1)</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="copy-2"><span class="bold_code">copy(Subject,N) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">N = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Creates a binary with the content of <span class="code">Subject</span> duplicated <span class="code">N</span> times.</p>
<p>This function will always create a new binary, even if <span class="code">N =
1</span>. By using <span class="code">copy/1</span> on a binary referencing a larger binary, one
might free up the larger binary for garbage collection.</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="label">Note</div>
<div class="content"><p>
<p>By deliberately copying a single binary to avoid referencing
a larger binary, one might, instead of freeing up the larger
binary for later garbage collection, create much more binary
data than needed. Sharing binary data is usually good. Only in
special cases, when small parts reference large binaries and the
large binaries are no longer used in any process, deliberate
copying might be a good idea.</p> </p></div>
</div>
<p>If <span class="code">N</span> < <span class="code">0</span>, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="decode_unsigned-1"><span class="bold_code">decode_unsigned(Subject) -> Unsigned</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Unsigned = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">decode_unsigned(Subject,big)</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="decode_unsigned-2"><span class="bold_code">decode_unsigned(Subject, Endianess) -> Unsigned</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Endianess = big | little</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Unsigned = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Converts the binary digit representation, in big or little
endian, of a positive integer in <span class="code">Subject</span> to an Erlang <span class="code">integer()</span>.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:decode_unsigned(<<169,138,199>>,big).
11111111
</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="encode_unsigned-1"><span class="bold_code">encode_unsigned(Unsigned) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Unsigned = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">encode_unsigned(Unsigned,big)</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="encode_unsigned-2"><span class="bold_code">encode_unsigned(Unsigned,Endianess) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Unsigned = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Endianess = big | little</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Converts a positive integer to the smallest possible
representation in a binary digit representation, either big
or little endian.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:encode_unsigned(11111111,big).
<<169,138,199>>
</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="first-1"><span class="bold_code">first(Subject) -> byte()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Returns the first byte of the binary <span class="code">Subject</span> as an integer. If the
size of <span class="code">Subject</span> is zero, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="last-1"><span class="bold_code">last(Subject) -> byte()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Returns the last byte of the binary <span class="code">Subject</span> as an integer. If the
size of <span class="code">Subject</span> is zero, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="list_to_bin-1"><span class="bold_code">list_to_bin(ByteList) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">ByteList = iodata() (see module erlang)</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Works exactly as <span class="code">erlang:list_to_binary/1</span>, added for completeness.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="longest_common_prefix-1"><span class="bold_code">longest_common_prefix(Binaries) -> integer() >= 0</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Binaries = [ binary() ]</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Returns the length of the longest common prefix of the
binaries in the list <span class="code">Binaries</span>. Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:longest_common_prefix([<<"erlang">>,<<"ergonomy">>]).
2
2> binary:longest_common_prefix([<<"erlang">>,<<"perl">>]).
0
</pre></div>
<p>If <span class="code">Binaries</span> is not a flat list of binaries, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="longest_common_suffix-1"><span class="bold_code">longest_common_suffix(Binaries) -> integer() >= 0</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Binaries = [ binary() ]</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Returns the length of the longest common suffix of the
binaries in the list <span class="code">Binaries</span>. Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:longest_common_suffix([<<"erlang">>,<<"fang">>]).
3
2> binary:longest_common_suffix([<<"erlang">>,<<"perl">>]).
0
</pre></div>
<p>If <span class="code">Binaries</span> is not a flat list of binaries, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="match-2"><span class="bold_code">match(Subject, Pattern) -> Found | nomatch</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [ binary() ] | cp()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Found = part()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">match(Subject, Pattern, [])</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="match-3"><span class="bold_code">match(Subject,Pattern,Options) -> Found | nomatch</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [ binary() ] | cp()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Found = part()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Options = [ Option ]</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Option = {scope, part()}</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Searches for the first occurrence of <span class="code">Pattern</span> in <span class="code">Subject</span> and
returns the position and length.</p>
<p>The function will return <span class="code">{Pos,Length}</span> for the binary
in <span class="code">Pattern</span> starting at the lowest position in
<span class="code">Subject</span>, Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:match(<<"abcde">>, [<<"bcde">>,<<"cd">>],[]).
{1,4}
</pre></div>
<p>Even though <span class="code"><<"cd">></span> ends before
<span class="code"><<"bcde">></span>, <span class="code"><<"bcde">></span>
begins first and is therefore the first match. If two
overlapping matches begin at the same position, the longest is
returned.</p>
<p>Summary of the options:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>{scope, {Start, Length}}</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Only the given part is searched. Return values still have
offsets from the beginning of <span class="code">Subject</span>. A negative <span class="code">Length</span> is
allowed as described in the <span class="code">TYPES</span> section of this manual.</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If none of the strings in
<span class="code">Pattern</span> is found, the atom <span class="code">nomatch</span> is returned.</p>
<p>For a description of <span class="code">Pattern</span>, see
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></span>.</p>
<p>If <span class="code">{scope, {Start,Length}}</span> is given in the options
such that <span class="code">Start</span> is larger than the size of
<span class="code">Subject</span>, <span class="code">Start + Length</span> is less than zero or
<span class="code">Start + Length</span> is larger than the size of
<span class="code">Subject</span>, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="matches-2"><span class="bold_code">matches(Subject, Pattern) -> Found</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [ binary() ] | cp()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Found = [ part() ] | []</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">matches(Subject, Pattern, [])</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="matches-3"><span class="bold_code">matches(Subject,Pattern,Options) -> Found</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [ binary() ] | cp()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Found = [ part() ] | []</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Options = [ Option ]</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Option = {scope, part()}</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Works like match, but the <span class="code">Subject</span> is searched until
exhausted and a list of all non-overlapping parts matching
<span class="code">Pattern</span> is returned (in order). </p>
<p>The first and longest match is preferred to a shorter,
which is illustrated by the following example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:matches(<<"abcde">>,
[<<"bcde">>,<<"bc">>>,<<"de">>],[]).
[{1,4}]
</pre></div>
<p>The result shows that <<"bcde">> is selected instead of the
shorter match <<"bc">> (which would have given raise to one
more match,<<"de">>). This corresponds to the behavior of posix
regular expressions (and programs like awk), but is not
consistent with alternative matches in re (and Perl), where
instead lexical ordering in the search pattern selects which
string matches.</p>
<p>If none of the strings in pattern is found, an empty list is returned.</p>
<p>For a description of <span class="code">Pattern</span>, see <span class="bold_code"><a href="#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></span> and for a
description of available options, see <span class="bold_code"><a href="#match-3">match/3</a></span>.</p>
<p>If <span class="code">{scope, {Start,Length}}</span> is given in the options such that
<span class="code">Start</span> is larger than the size of <span class="code">Subject</span>, <span class="code">Start + Length</span> is
less than zero or <span class="code">Start + Length</span> is larger than the size of
<span class="code">Subject</span>, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="part-2"><span class="bold_code">part(Subject, PosLen) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">PosLen = part()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Extracts the part of the binary <span class="code">Subject</span> described by <span class="code">PosLen</span>.</p>
<p>Negative length can be used to extract bytes at the end of a binary:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> Bin = <<1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10>>.
2> binary:part(Bin,{byte_size(Bin), -5}).
<<6,7,8,9,10>>
</pre></div>
<div class="note">
<div class="label">Note</div>
<div class="content"><p>
<p><span class="bold_code"><a href="#part-2">part/2</a></span>and <span class="bold_code"><a href="#part-3">part/3</a></span> are also available in the
<span class="code">erlang</span> module under the names <span class="code">binary_part/2</span> and
<span class="code">binary_part/3</span>. Those BIFs are allowed in guard tests.</p>
</p></div>
</div>
<p>If <span class="code">PosLen</span> in any way references outside the binary, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception
is raised.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="part-3"><span class="bold_code">part(Subject, Pos, Len) -> binary()</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Pos = integer() >= 0</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Len = integer()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">part(Subject, {Pos, Len})</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="referenced_byte_size-1"><span class="bold_code">referenced_byte_size(binary()) -> integer() >= 0</span></a><br></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>If a binary references a larger binary (often described as
being a sub-binary), it can be useful to get the size of the
actual referenced binary. This function can be used in a program
to trigger the use of <span class="code">copy/1</span>. By copying a binary, one might
dereference the original, possibly large, binary which a smaller
binary is a reference to.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
store(Binary, GBSet) ->
NewBin =
case binary:referenced_byte_size(Binary) of
Large when Large > 2 * byte_size(Binary) ->
binary:copy(Binary);
_ ->
Binary
end,
gb_sets:insert(NewBin,GBSet).
</pre></div>
<p>In this example, we chose to copy the binary content before
inserting it in the <span class="code">gb_set()</span> if it references a binary more than
twice the size of the data we're going to keep. Of course
different rules for when copying will apply to different
programs.</p>
<p>Binary sharing will occur whenever binaries are taken apart,
this is the fundamental reason why binaries are fast,
decomposition can always be done with O(1) complexity. In rare
circumstances this data sharing is however undesirable, why this
function together with <span class="code">copy/1</span> might be useful when optimizing
for memory use.</p>
<p>Example of binary sharing:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> A = binary:copy(<<1>>,100).
<<1,1,1,1,1 ...
2> byte_size(A).
100
3> binary:referenced_byte_size(A)
100
4> <<_:10/binary,B:10/binary,_/binary>> = A.
<<1,1,1,1,1 ...
5> byte_size(B).
10
6> binary:referenced_byte_size(B)
100
</pre></div>
<div class="note">
<div class="label">Note</div>
<div class="content"><p>
<p>Binary data is shared among processes. If another process
still references the larger binary, copying the part this
process uses only consumes more memory and will not free up the
larger binary for garbage collection. Use this kind of intrusive
functions with extreme care, and only if a real problem is
detected.</p>
</p></div>
</div>
</p></div>
<p><a name="replace-3"></a><span class="bold_code">replace(Subject, Pattern, Replacement) -> Result</span><br><div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [binary()] | <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-cp">cp()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Replacement = Result = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code"></span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">replace(Subject,Pattern,Replacement,[])</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="replace-4"></a><span class="bold_code">replace(Subject, Pattern, Replacement, Options) -> Result</span><br><div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [binary()] | <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-cp">cp()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Replacement = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Options = [Option]</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Option = global | {scope, <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-part">part()</a></span>} | {insert_replaced, InsPos}</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">InsPos = OnePos | [OnePos]</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">OnePos = integer() >= 0</span></div>
<div class="REFBODY">An integer() =< byte_size(Replacement)
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Result = binary()</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Constructs a new binary by replacing the parts in
<span class="code">Subject</span> matching <span class="code">Pattern</span> with the content of
<span class="code">Replacement</span>.</p>
<p>If the matching sub-part of <span class="code">Subject</span> giving raise to the
replacement is to be inserted in the result, the option
<span class="code">{insert_replaced, InsPos}</span> will insert the matching part into
<span class="code">Replacement</span> at the given position (or positions) before actually
inserting <span class="code">Replacement</span> into the <span class="code">Subject</span>. Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:replace(<<"abcde">>,<<"b">>,<<"[]">>,[{insert_replaced,1}]).
<<"a[b]cde">>
2> binary:replace(<<"abcde">>,[<<"b">>,<<"d">>],<<"[]">>,
[global,{insert_replaced,1}]).
<<"a[b]c[d]e">>
3> binary:replace(<<"abcde">>,[<<"b">>,<<"d">>],<<"[]">>,
[global,{insert_replaced,[1,1]}]).
<<"a[bb]c[dd]e">>
4> binary:replace(<<"abcde">>,[<<"b">>,<<"d">>],<<"[-]">>,
[global,{insert_replaced,[1,2]}]).
<<"a[b-b]c[d-d]e">>
</pre></div>
<p>If any position given in <span class="code">InsPos</span> is greater than the size of the replacement binary, a <span class="code">badarg</span> exception is raised.</p>
<p>The options <span class="code">global</span> and <span class="code">{scope, part()}</span> work as for <span class="bold_code"><a href="#split-3">split/3</a></span>. The return type is always a <span class="code">binary()</span>.</p>
<p>For a description of <span class="code">Pattern</span>, see <span class="bold_code"><a href="#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="split-2"></a><span class="bold_code">split(Subject, Pattern) -> Parts</span><br><div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [binary()] | <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-cp">cp()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Parts = [binary()]</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The same as <span class="code">split(Subject, Pattern, [])</span>.</p>
</p></div>
<p><a name="split-3"></a><span class="bold_code">split(Subject, Pattern, Options) -> Parts</span><br><div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Subject = binary()</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Pattern = binary() | [binary()] | <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-cp">cp()</a></span></span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Options = [Option]</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Option = {scope, <span class="bold_code"><a href="#type-part">part()</a></span>} | trim | global</span></div>
<div class="REFTYPES"><span class="bold_code">Parts = [binary()]</span></div>
</div></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>Splits <span class="code">Subject</span> into a list of binaries based on <span class="code">Pattern</span>. If
the option global is not given, only the first occurrence of
<span class="code">Pattern</span> in <span class="code">Subject</span> will give rise to a split.</p>
<p>The parts of <span class="code">Pattern</span> actually found in <span class="code">Subject</span> are not included in the result.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:split(<<1,255,4,0,0,0,2,3>>, [<<0,0,0>>,<<2>>],[]).
[<<1,255,4>>, <<2,3>>]
2> binary:split(<<0,1,0,0,4,255,255,9>>, [<<0,0>>, <<255,255>>],[global]).
[<<0,1>>,<<4>>,<<9>>]
</pre></div>
<p>Summary of options:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>{scope, part()}</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Works as in <span class="bold_code"><a href="#match-3">match/3</a></span> and
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#matches-3">matches/3</a></span>. Note that
this only defines the scope of the search for matching strings,
it does not cut the binary before splitting. The bytes before
and after the scope will be kept in the result. See example
below.</p></dd>
<dt><strong>trim</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Removes trailing empty parts of the result (as does trim in <span class="code">re:split/3</span>)</p></dd>
<dt><strong>global</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Repeats the split until the <span class="code">Subject</span> is
exhausted. Conceptually the global option makes split work on
the positions returned by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#matches-3">matches/3</a></span>,
while it normally
works on the position returned by
<span class="bold_code"><a href="#match-3">match/3</a></span>.</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Example of the difference between a scope and taking the
binary apart before splitting:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
1> binary:split(<<"banana">>,[<<"a">>],[{scope,{2,3}}]).
[<<"ban">>,<<"na">>]
2> binary:split(binary:part(<<"banana">>,{2,3}),[<<"a">>],[]).
[<<"n">>,<<"n">>]
</pre></div>
<p>The return type is always a list of binaries that are all
referencing <span class="code">Subject</span>. This means that the data in <span class="code">Subject</span> is not
actually copied to new binaries and that <span class="code">Subject</span> cannot be
garbage collected until the results of the split are no longer
referenced.</p>
<p>For a description of <span class="code">Pattern</span>, see <span class="bold_code"><a href="#compile_pattern-1">compile_pattern/1</a></span>.</p>
</p></div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<hr>
<p>Copyright © 1997-2012 Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</p>
</div>
</div>
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