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<img alt="Erlang logo" src="../../../doc/erlang-logo.png"><br><small><a href="users_guide.html">User's Guide</a><br><a href="index.html">Reference Manual</a><br><a href="release_notes.html">Release Notes</a><br><a href="../pdf/erts-5.9.3.1.pdf">PDF</a><br><a href="../../../doc/index.html">Top</a></small><p><strong>Erlang Run-Time System Application (ERTS)</strong><br><strong>Reference Manual</strong><br><small>Version 5.9.3.1</small></p>
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<li title="get_path-0"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#get_path-0">get_path/0</a></li>
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<li title="adler32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#adler32_combine-3">adler32_combine/3</a></li>
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<li title="bitstring_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#bitstring_to_list-1">bitstring_to_list/1</a></li>
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<li title="binary_to_term-2"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_term-2">binary_to_term/2</a></li>
<li title="bit_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#bit_size-1">bit_size/1</a></li>
<li title="bump_reductions-1"><a href="erlang.html#bump_reductions-1">bump_reductions/1</a></li>
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<li title="check_old_code-1"><a href="erlang.html#check_old_code-1">check_old_code/1</a></li>
<li title="check_process_code-2"><a href="erlang.html#check_process_code-2">check_process_code/2</a></li>
<li title="crc32-1"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-1">crc32/1</a></li>
<li title="crc32-2"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-2">crc32/2</a></li>
<li title="crc32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#crc32_combine-3">crc32_combine/3</a></li>
<li title="date-0"><a href="erlang.html#date-0">date/0</a></li>
<li title="decode_packet-3"><a href="erlang.html#decode_packet-3">decode_packet/3</a></li>
<li title="delete_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#delete_module-1">delete_module/1</a></li>
<li title="demonitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-1">demonitor/1</a></li>
<li title="demonitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-2">demonitor/2</a></li>
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<li title="exit-1"><a href="erlang.html#exit-1">exit/1</a></li>
<li title="exit-2"><a href="erlang.html#exit-2">exit/2</a></li>
<li title="external_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#external_size-1">external_size/1</a></li>
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<li title="fun_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#fun_to_list-1">fun_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="function_exported-3"><a href="erlang.html#function_exported-3">function_exported/3</a></li>
<li title="garbage_collect-0"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-0">garbage_collect/0</a></li>
<li title="garbage_collect-1"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-1">garbage_collect/1</a></li>
<li title="get-0"><a href="erlang.html#get-0">get/0</a></li>
<li title="get-1"><a href="erlang.html#get-1">get/1</a></li>
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<li title="get_keys-1"><a href="erlang.html#get_keys-1">get_keys/1</a></li>
<li title="get_stacktrace-0"><a href="erlang.html#get_stacktrace-0">get_stacktrace/0</a></li>
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<li title="integer_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-1">integer_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="integer_to_list-2"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-2">integer_to_list/2</a></li>
<li title="iolist_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_to_binary-1">iolist_to_binary/1</a></li>
<li title="iolist_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_size-1">iolist_size/1</a></li>
<li title="is_alive-0"><a href="erlang.html#is_alive-0">is_alive/0</a></li>
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<li title="is_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_bitstring-1">is_bitstring/1</a></li>
<li title="is_boolean-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_boolean-1">is_boolean/1</a></li>
<li title="is_builtin-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_builtin-3">is_builtin/3</a></li>
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<li title="is_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_integer-1">is_integer/1</a></li>
<li title="is_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_list-1">is_list/1</a></li>
<li title="is_number-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_number-1">is_number/1</a></li>
<li title="is_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_pid-1">is_pid/1</a></li>
<li title="is_port-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_port-1">is_port/1</a></li>
<li title="is_process_alive-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_process_alive-1">is_process_alive/1</a></li>
<li title="is_record-2"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-2">is_record/2</a></li>
<li title="is_record-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-3">is_record/3</a></li>
<li title="is_reference-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_reference-1">is_reference/1</a></li>
<li title="is_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_tuple-1">is_tuple/1</a></li>
<li title="length-1"><a href="erlang.html#length-1">length/1</a></li>
<li title="link-1"><a href="erlang.html#link-1">link/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_atom-1">list_to_atom/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_binary-1">list_to_binary/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_bitstring-1">list_to_bitstring/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_existing_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_existing_atom-1">list_to_existing_atom/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_float-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_float-1">list_to_float/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-1">list_to_integer/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_integer-2"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-2">list_to_integer/2</a></li>
<li title="list_to_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_pid-1">list_to_pid/1</a></li>
<li title="list_to_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_tuple-1">list_to_tuple/1</a></li>
<li title="load_module-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_module-2">load_module/2</a></li>
<li title="load_nif-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_nif-2">load_nif/2</a></li>
<li title="loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#loaded-0">loaded/0</a></li>
<li title="localtime-0"><a href="erlang.html#localtime-0">localtime/0</a></li>
<li title="localtime_to_universaltime-1"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-1">localtime_to_universaltime/1</a></li>
<li title="localtime_to_universaltime-2"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-2">localtime_to_universaltime/2</a></li>
<li title="make_ref-0"><a href="erlang.html#make_ref-0">make_ref/0</a></li>
<li title="make_tuple-2"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-2">make_tuple/2</a></li>
<li title="make_tuple-3"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-3">make_tuple/3</a></li>
<li title="max-2"><a href="erlang.html#max-2">max/2</a></li>
<li title="md5-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5-1">md5/1</a></li>
<li title="md5_final-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5_final-1">md5_final/1</a></li>
<li title="md5_init-0"><a href="erlang.html#md5_init-0">md5_init/0</a></li>
<li title="md5_update-2"><a href="erlang.html#md5_update-2">md5_update/2</a></li>
<li title="memory-0"><a href="erlang.html#memory-0">memory/0</a></li>
<li title="memory-1"><a href="erlang.html#memory-1">memory/1</a></li>
<li title="min-2"><a href="erlang.html#min-2">min/2</a></li>
<li title="module_loaded-1"><a href="erlang.html#module_loaded-1">module_loaded/1</a></li>
<li title="monitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor-2">monitor/2</a></li>
<li title="monitor_node-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-2">monitor_node/2</a></li>
<li title="monitor_node-3"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-3">monitor_node/3</a></li>
<li title="nif_error-1"><a href="erlang.html#nif_error-1">nif_error/1</a></li>
<li title="nif_error-2"><a href="erlang.html#nif_error-2">nif_error/2</a></li>
<li title="node-0"><a href="erlang.html#node-0">node/0</a></li>
<li title="node-1"><a href="erlang.html#node-1">node/1</a></li>
<li title="nodes-0"><a href="erlang.html#nodes-0">nodes/0</a></li>
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<li title="now-0"><a href="erlang.html#now-0">now/0</a></li>
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<li title="pid_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#pid_to_list-1">pid_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="port_close-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_close-1">port_close/1</a></li>
<li title="port_command-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-2">port_command/2</a></li>
<li title="port_command-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-3">port_command/3</a></li>
<li title="port_connect-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_connect-2">port_connect/2</a></li>
<li title="port_control-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_control-3">port_control/3</a></li>
<li title="port_call-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_call-3">port_call/3</a></li>
<li title="port_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-1">port_info/1</a></li>
<li title="port_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-2">port_info/2</a></li>
<li title="port_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_to_list-1">port_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="ports-0"><a href="erlang.html#ports-0">ports/0</a></li>
<li title="pre_loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#pre_loaded-0">pre_loaded/0</a></li>
<li title="process_display-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_display-2">process_display/2</a></li>
<li title="process_flag-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-2">process_flag/2</a></li>
<li title="process_flag-3"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-3">process_flag/3</a></li>
<li title="process_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-1">process_info/1</a></li>
<li title="process_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-2">process_info/2</a></li>
<li title="processes-0"><a href="erlang.html#processes-0">processes/0</a></li>
<li title="purge_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#purge_module-1">purge_module/1</a></li>
<li title="put-2"><a href="erlang.html#put-2">put/2</a></li>
<li title="raise-3"><a href="erlang.html#raise-3">raise/3</a></li>
<li title="read_timer-1"><a href="erlang.html#read_timer-1">read_timer/1</a></li>
<li title="ref_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#ref_to_list-1">ref_to_list/1</a></li>
<li title="register-2"><a href="erlang.html#register-2">register/2</a></li>
<li title="registered-0"><a href="erlang.html#registered-0">registered/0</a></li>
<li title="resume_process-1"><a href="erlang.html#resume_process-1">resume_process/1</a></li>
<li title="round-1"><a href="erlang.html#round-1">round/1</a></li>
<li title="self-0"><a href="erlang.html#self-0">self/0</a></li>
<li title="send-2"><a href="erlang.html#send-2">send/2</a></li>
<li title="send-3"><a href="erlang.html#send-3">send/3</a></li>
<li title="send_after-3"><a href="erlang.html#send_after-3">send_after/3</a></li>
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<li title="setelement-3"><a href="erlang.html#setelement-3">setelement/3</a></li>
<li title="size-1"><a href="erlang.html#size-1">size/1</a></li>
<li title="spawn-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-1">spawn/1</a></li>
<li title="spawn-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-2">spawn/2</a></li>
<li title="spawn-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-3">spawn/3</a></li>
<li title="spawn-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-4">spawn/4</a></li>
<li title="spawn_link-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-1">spawn_link/1</a></li>
<li title="spawn_link-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-2">spawn_link/2</a></li>
<li title="spawn_link-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-3">spawn_link/3</a></li>
<li title="spawn_link-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-4">spawn_link/4</a></li>
<li title="spawn_monitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-1">spawn_monitor/1</a></li>
<li title="spawn_monitor-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-3">spawn_monitor/3</a></li>
<li title="spawn_opt-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-2">spawn_opt/2</a></li>
<li title="spawn_opt-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-3">spawn_opt/3</a></li>
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<li title="statistics-1"><a href="erlang.html#statistics-1">statistics/1</a></li>
<li title="suspend_process-2"><a href="erlang.html#suspend_process-2">suspend_process/2</a></li>
<li title="suspend_process-1"><a href="erlang.html#suspend_process-1">suspend_process/1</a></li>
<li title="system_flag-2"><a href="erlang.html#system_flag-2">system_flag/2</a></li>
<li title="system_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#system_info-1">system_info/1</a></li>
<li title="system_monitor-0"><a href="erlang.html#system_monitor-0">system_monitor/0</a></li>
<li title="system_monitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#system_monitor-1">system_monitor/1</a></li>
<li title="system_monitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#system_monitor-2">system_monitor/2</a></li>
<li title="system_profile-0"><a href="erlang.html#system_profile-0">system_profile/0</a></li>
<li title="system_profile-2"><a href="erlang.html#system_profile-2">system_profile/2</a></li>
<li title="term_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#term_to_binary-1">term_to_binary/1</a></li>
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<div id="content">
<div class="innertube">
<!-- refpage --><center><h1>escript</h1></center>
<h3>COMMAND</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">escript</div>
<h3>COMMAND SUMMARY</h3>
<div class="REFBODY">Erlang scripting support</div>
<h3>DESCRIPTION</h3>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p><span class="code">escript</span> provides support for running short Erlang programs
without having to compile them first and an easy way to retrieve the
command line arguments.</p>
</p></div>
<h3>EXPORTS</h3>
<p><span class="bold_code">script-name script-arg1 script-arg2...</span><span class="bold_code">escript escript-flags script-name script-arg1 script-arg2...</span></p>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p><span class="code">escript</span> runs a script written in Erlang.</p>
<p>Here follows an example.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
$ <span class="bold_code">cat factorial</span>
#!/usr/bin/env escript
%% -*- erlang -*-
%%! -smp enable -sname factorial -mnesia debug verbose
main([String]) ->
try
N = list_to_integer(String),
F = fac(N),
io:format("factorial ~w = ~w\n", [N,F])
catch
_:_ ->
usage()
end;
main(_) ->
usage().
usage() ->
io:format("usage: factorial integer\n"),
halt(1).
fac(0) -> 1;
fac(N) -> N * fac(N-1).
$ <span class="bold_code">factorial 5</span>
factorial 5 = 120
$ <span class="bold_code">factorial</span>
usage: factorial integer
$ <span class="bold_code">factorial five</span>
usage: factorial integer </pre></div>
<p>The header of the Erlang script in the example differs from
a normal Erlang module. The first line is intended to be the
interpreter line, which invokes <span class="code">escript</span>. However if you
invoke the <span class="code">escript</span> like this</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
$ <span class="bold_code">escript factorial 5</span> </pre></div>
<p>the contents of the first line does not matter, but it
cannot contain Erlang code as it will be ignored.</p>
<p>The second line in the example, contains an optional
directive to the <span class="code">Emacs</span> editor which causes it to
enter the major mode for editing Erlang source files. If the
directive is present it must be located on the second
line.</p>
<p>On the third line (or second line depending on the presence
of the Emacs directive), it is possible to give arguments to
the emulator, such as </p>
<div class="example"><pre>
%%! -smp enable -sname factorial -mnesia debug verbose</pre></div>
<p>Such an argument line must start with <span class="code">%%!</span> and the
rest of the line will interpreted as arguments to the emulator.</p>
<p>If you know the location of the <span class="code">escript</span> executable, the first
line can directly give the path to <span class="code">escript</span>. For instance:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
#!/usr/local/bin/escript </pre></div>
<p>As any other kind of scripts, Erlang scripts will not work on
Unix platforms if the execution bit for the script file is not set.
(Use <span class="code">chmod +x script-name</span> to turn on the execution bit.)
</p>
<p>The rest of the Erlang script file may either contain
Erlang <span class="code">source code</span>, an <span class="code">inlined beam file</span> or an
<span class="code">inlined archive file</span>.</p>
<p>An Erlang script file must always contain the function
<strong>main/1</strong>. When the script is run, the
<span class="code">main/1</span> function will be called with a list
of strings representing the arguments given to the script (not
changed or interpreted in any way).</p>
<p>If the <span class="code">main/1</span> function in the script returns successfully,
the exit status for the script will be 0. If an exception is generated
during execution, a short message will be printed and the script terminated
with exit status 127.</p>
<p>To return your own non-zero exit code, call <span class="code">halt(ExitCode)</span>;
for instance:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
halt(1).</pre></div>
<p>Call <span class="bold_code"><a href="#script_name_0">escript:script_name()</a></span>
from your to script to retrieve the pathname of the script
(the pathname is usually, but not always, absolute).</p>
<p>If the file contains source code (as in the example above),
it will be processed by the preprocessor <span class="code">epp</span>. This
means that you for example may use pre-defined macros (such as
<span class="code">?MODULE</span>) as well as include directives like
the <span class="code">-include_lib</span> directive. For instance, use</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
-include_lib("kernel/include/file.hrl").</pre></div>
<p>to include the record definitions for the records used by the
<span class="code">file:read_link_info/1</span> function.</p>
<p>The script will be checked for syntactic and semantic
correctness before being run. If there are warnings (such as
unused variables), they will be printed and the script will
still be run. If there are errors, they will be printed and
the script will not be run and its exit status will be
127.</p>
<p>Both the module declaration and the export declaration of
the <span class="code">main/1</span> function are optional.</p>
<p>By default, the script will be interpreted. You can force
it to be compiled by including the following line somewhere
in the script file:</p><div class="example"><pre>
-mode(compile).</pre></div>
<p>Execution of interpreted code is slower than compiled code.
If much of the execution takes place in interpreted code it
may be worthwhile to compile it, even though the compilation
itself will take a little while. It is also possible to supply
<span class="code">native</span> instead of compile, this will compile the script
using the native flag, again depending on the characteristics
of the escript this could or could not be worth while.</p>
<p>As mentioned earlier, it is possible to have a script which
contains precompiled <span class="code">beam</span> code. In a precompiled
script, the interpretation of the script header is exactly
the same as in a script containing source code. That means
that you can make a <span class="code">beam</span> file executable by
prepending the file with the lines starting with <span class="code">#!</span>
and <span class="code">%%!</span> mentioned above. In a precompiled script, the
function
<span class="code">main/1</span> must be exported.</p>
<p>As yet another option it is possible to have an entire
Erlang archive in the script. In a archive script, the
interpretation of the script header is exactly the same as
in a script containing source code. That means that you can
make an archive file executable by prepending the file with
the lines starting with <span class="code">#!</span> and <span class="code">%%!</span> mentioned
above. In an archive script, the function <span class="code">main/1</span> must
be exported. By default the <span class="code">main/1</span> function in the
module with the same name as the basename of the
<span class="code">escript</span> file will be invoked. This behavior can be
overridden by setting the flag <span class="code">-escript main Module</span>
as one of the emulator flags. The <span class="code">Module</span> must be the
name of a module which has an exported <span class="code">main/1</span>
function. See <span class="bold_code"><a href="javascript:erlhref('../../../doc/../','kernel','code.html');">code(3)</a></span>
for more information about archives and code loading.</p>
<p>In many cases it is very convenient to have a header in
the escript, especially on Unix platforms. But the header is
in fact optional. This means that you directly can "execute"
an Erlang module, beam file or archive file without adding
any header to them. But then you have to invoke the script
like this:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
$ <span class="bold_code">escript factorial.erl 5</span>
factorial 5 = 120
$ <span class="bold_code">escript factorial.beam 5</span>
factorial 5 = 120
$ <span class="bold_code">escript factorial.zip 5</span>
factorial 5 = 120
</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><span class="bold_code">escript:create(FileOrBin, Sections) -> ok | {ok, binary()} | {error, term()}</span></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">FileOrBin = filename() | 'binary'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Sections = [Header] Body | Body</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Header = shebang | {shebang, Shebang}
| comment | {comment, Comment}
| {emu_args, EmuArgs}</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Shebang = string() | 'default' | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Comment = string() | 'default' | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">EmuArgs = string() | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Body = {source, SourceCode}
| {beam, BeamCode}
| {archive, ZipArchive}</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">SourceCode = BeamCode = ZipArchive = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The <a name="create_2"></a> <span class="code">create/2</span>
function creates an escript from a list of sections. The
sections can be given in any order. An escript begins with an
optional <span class="code">Header</span> followed by a mandatory <span class="code">Body</span>. If
the header is present, it does always begin with a
<span class="code">shebang</span>, possibly followed by a <span class="code">comment</span> and
<span class="code">emu_args</span>. The <span class="code">shebang</span> defaults to
<span class="code">"/usr/bin/env escript"</span>. The comment defaults to
<span class="code">"This is an -*- erlang -*- file"</span>. The created escript
can either be returned as a binary or written to file.</p>
<p>As an example of how the function can be used, we create an
interpreted escript which uses emu_args to set some emulator
flag. In this case it happens to disable the smp_support. We
do also extract the different sections from the newly created
script:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code">Source = "%% Demo\nmain(_Args) ->\n io:format(erlang:system_info(smp_support)).\n".</span>
"%% Demo\nmain(_Args) ->\n io:format(erlang:system_info(smp_support)).\n"
> <span class="bold_code">io:format("~s\n", [Source]).</span>
%% Demo
main(_Args) ->
io:format(erlang:system_info(smp_support)).
ok
> <span class="bold_code">{ok, Bin} = escript:create(binary, [shebang, comment, {emu_args, "-smp disable"},
{source, list_to_binary(Source)}]).</span>
{ok,<<"#!/usr/bin/env escript\n%% This is an -*- erlang -*- file\n%%!-smp disabl"...>>}
> <span class="bold_code">file:write_file("demo.escript", Bin).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">os:cmd("escript demo.escript").</span>
"false"
> <span class="bold_code">escript:extract("demo.escript", []).</span>
{ok,[{shebang,default}, {comment,default}, {emu_args,"-smp disable"},
{source,<<"%% Demo\nmain(_Args) ->\n io:format(erlang:system_info(smp_su"...>>}]}
</pre></div>
<p>An escript without header can be created like this:</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code">file:write_file("demo.erl",
["%% demo.erl\n-module(demo).\n-export([main/1]).\n\n", Source]).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">{ok, _, BeamCode} = compile:file("demo.erl", [binary, debug_info]).</span>
{ok,demo,
<<70,79,82,49,0,0,2,208,66,69,65,77,65,116,111,109,0,0,0,
79,0,0,0,9,4,100,...>>}
> <span class="bold_code">escript:create("demo.beam", [{beam, BeamCode}]).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">escript:extract("demo.beam", []).</span>
{ok,[{shebang,undefined}, {comment,undefined}, {emu_args,undefined},
{beam,<<70,79,82,49,0,0,3,68,66,69,65,77,65,116,
111,109,0,0,0,83,0,0,0,9,...>>}]}
> <span class="bold_code">os:cmd("escript demo.beam").</span>
"true"
</pre></div>
<p>Here we create an archive script containing both Erlang
code as well as beam code. Then we iterate over all files in
the archive and collect their contents and some info about
them.
</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code">{ok, SourceCode} = file:read_file("demo.erl").</span>
{ok,<<"%% demo.erl\n-module(demo).\n-export([main/1]).\n\n%% Demo\nmain(_Arg"...>>}
> <span class="bold_code">escript:create("demo.escript",
[shebang,
{archive, [{"demo.erl", SourceCode},
{"demo.beam", BeamCode}], []}]).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">{ok, [{shebang,default}, {comment,undefined}, {emu_args,undefined},
{archive, ArchiveBin}]} = escript:extract("demo.escript", []).</span>
{ok,[{shebang,default}, {comment,undefined}, {emu_args,undefined},
{{archive,<<80,75,3,4,20,0,0,0,8,0,118,7,98,60,105,
152,61,93,107,0,0,0,118,0,...>>}]}
> <span class="bold_code">file:write_file("demo.zip", ArchiveBin).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">zip:foldl(fun(N, I, B, A) -> [{N, I(), B()} | A] end, [], "demo.zip").</span>
{ok,[{"demo.beam",
{file_info,748,regular,read_write,
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
54,1,0,0,0,0,0},
<<70,79,82,49,0,0,2,228,66,69,65,77,65,116,111,109,0,0,0,
83,0,0,...>>},
{"demo.erl",
{file_info,118,regular,read_write,
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
{{2010,3,2},{0,59,22}},
54,1,0,0,0,0,0},
<<"%% demo.erl\n-module(demo).\n-export([main/1]).\n\n%% Demo\nmain(_Arg"...>>}]}</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><span class="bold_code">escript:extract(File, Options) -> {ok, Sections} | {error, term()}</span></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">File = filename()</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Options = [] | [compile_source]</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Sections = Headers Body</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Headers = {shebang, Shebang}
{comment, Comment}
{emu_args, EmuArgs}</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Shebang = string() | 'default' | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Comment = string() | 'default' | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">EmuArgs = string() | 'undefined'</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">Body = {source, SourceCode}
| {source, BeamCode}
| {beam, BeamCode}
| {archive, ZipArchive}</span><br>
</div>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">SourceCode = BeamCode = ZipArchive = binary()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The <a name="extract_2"></a> <span class="code">extract/2</span>
function parses an escript and extracts its sections. This is
the reverse of <span class="code">create/2</span>.</p>
<p>All sections are returned even if they do not exist in the
escript. If a particular section happens to have the same
value as the default value, the extracted value is set to the
atom <span class="code">default</span>. If a section is missing, the extracted
value is set to the atom <span class="code">undefined</span>. </p>
<p>The <span class="code">compile_source</span> option only affects the result if
the escript contains <span class="code">source</span> code. In that case the
Erlang code is automatically compiled and <span class="code">{source,
BeamCode}</span> is returned instead of <span class="code">{source,
SourceCode}</span>.</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
> <span class="bold_code">escript:create("demo.escript",
[shebang, {archive, [{"demo.erl", SourceCode},
{"demo.beam", BeamCode}], []}]).</span>
ok
> <span class="bold_code">{ok, [{shebang,default}, {comment,undefined}, {emu_args,undefined},
{archive, ArchiveBin}]} =
escript:extract("demo.escript", []).</span>
{ok,[{{archive,<<80,75,3,4,20,0,0,0,8,0,118,7,98,60,105,
152,61,93,107,0,0,0,118,0,...>>}
{emu_args,undefined}]}
</pre></div>
</p></div>
<p><span class="bold_code">escript:script_name() -> File</span></p>
<div class="REFBODY">
<p>Types:</p>
<div class="REFTYPES">
<span class="bold_code">File = filename()</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="REFBODY"><p>
<p>The <a name="script_name_0"></a>
<span class="code">script_name/0</span> function returns the name of the escript
being executed. If the function is invoked outside the context
of an escript, the behavior is undefined.</p>
</p></div>
<h3><a name="id158289">Options accepted by escript</a></h3>
<div class="REFBODY">
<dl>
<dt><strong>-c</strong></dt>
<dd>Compile the escript regardless of the value of the mode attribute.
</dd>
<dt><strong>-d</strong></dt>
<dd>Debug the escript. Starts the debugger, loads the module
containing the <span class="code">main/1</span> function into the debugger, sets a
breakpoint in <span class="code">main/1</span> and invokes <span class="code">main/1</span>. If the
module is precompiled, it must be explicitly compiled with the
<span class="code">debug_info</span> option.
</dd>
<dt><strong>-i</strong></dt>
<dd>Interpret the escript regardless of the value of the mode attribute.
</dd>
<dt><strong>-s</strong></dt>
<dd>Only perform a syntactic and semantic check of the script file.
Warnings and errors (if any) are written to the standard output, but
the script will not be run. The exit status will be 0 if there were
no errors, and 127 otherwise.</dd>
<dt><strong>-n</strong></dt>
<dd>Compile the escript using the +native flag.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
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<hr>
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