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<div class="section" id="relative-link-resolution">
<span id="advanced-base"></span><h1>Relative Link Resolution<a class="headerlink" href="#relative-link-resolution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Many feed elements and attributes are <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s.
<strong class="program">Universal Feed Parser</strong> resolves relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s
according to the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/">XML:Base</a> specification. We’ll see how
that works in a minute, but first let’s talk about which values are treated as
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s.</p>
<div class="section" id="which-values-are-uris">
<h2>Which Values Are <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s<a class="headerlink" href="#which-values-are-uris" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>These feed elements are treated as <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s,
and resolved if they are relative:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-author_detail.html#reference-entry-author-detail-href"><em>entries[i].author_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-comments.html#reference-entry-comments"><em>entries[i].comments</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-contributors.html#reference-entry-contributors-href"><em>entries[i].contributors[j].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-enclosures.html#reference-entry-enclosures-href"><em>entries[i].enclosures[j].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-id.html#reference-entry-id"><em>entries[i].id</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-license.html#reference-entry-license"><em>entries[i].license</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-link.html#reference-entry-link"><em>entries[i].link</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-links.html#reference-entry-links-href"><em>entries[i].links[j].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-publisher_detail.html#reference-entry-publisher-detail-href"><em>entries[i].publisher_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-source.html#reference-entry-source-author-detail-href"><em>entries[i].source.author_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-source.html#reference-entry-source-contributors-href"><em>entries[i].source.contributors[j].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-source.html#reference-entry-source-links-href"><em>entries[i].source.links[j].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-author_detail.html#reference-feed-author-detail-href"><em>feed.author_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-contributors.html#reference-feed-contributors-href"><em>feed.contributors[i].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-docs.html#reference-feed-docs"><em>feed.docs</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-generator_detail.html#reference-feed-generator-detail-href"><em>feed.generator_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-id.html#reference-feed-id"><em>feed.id</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-image.html#reference-feed-image-href"><em>feed.image.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-image.html#reference-feed-image-link"><em>feed.image.link</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-license.html#reference-feed-license"><em>feed.license</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-link.html#reference-feed-link"><em>feed.link</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-links.html#reference-feed-links-href"><em>feed.links[i].href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-publisher_detail.html#reference-feed-publisher-detail-href"><em>feed.publisher_detail.href</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-textinput.html#reference-feed-textinput-link"><em>feed.textinput.link</em></a></li>
</ul>
<p>In addition, several feed elements may contain <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
or <abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> markup. Certain elements and
attributes in <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> can be relative
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s, and <strong class="program">Universal Feed Parser</strong> will
resolve these <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s according to the same rules
as the feed elements listed above.</p>
<p>These feed elements may contain <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> or
<abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> markup. In Atom feeds,
whether these elements are treated as <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
depends on the value of the type attribute. In <abbr title="Rich Site Summary">RSS</abbr>
feeds, these values are always treated as <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-content.html#reference-entry-content-value"><em>entries[i].content[j].value</em></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-summary.html#reference-entry-summary"><em>entries[i].summary</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-summary_detail.html#reference-entry-summary-detail-value"><em>entries[i].summary_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-title.html#reference-entry-title"><em>entries[i].title</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-entry-title_detail.html#reference-entry-title-detail-value"><em>entries[i].title_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-info.html#reference-feed-info"><em>feed.info</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-info-detail.html#reference-feed-info-detail-value"><em>feed.info_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-rights.html#reference-feed-rights"><em>feed.rights</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-rights_detail.html#reference-feed-rights-detail-value"><em>feed.rights_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-subtitle.html#reference-feed-subtitle"><em>feed.subtitle</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-subtitle_detail.html#reference-feed-subtitle-detail-value"><em>feed.subtitle_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-title.html#reference-feed-title"><em>feed.title</em></a> (<a class="reference internal" href="reference-feed-title_detail.html#reference-feed-title-detail-value"><em>feed.title_detail.value</em></a>)</li>
</ul>
<p>When any of these feed elements contains <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
or <abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> markup, the
following <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> elements are treated as
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s and are resolved if they are
relative:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a href=”...”></li>
<li><applet codebase=”...”></li>
<li><area href=”...”></li>
<li><blockquote cite=”...”></li>
<li><body background=”...”></li>
<li><del cite=”...”></li>
<li><form action=”...”></li>
<li><frame longdesc=”...”></li>
<li><frame src=”...”></li>
<li><head profile=”...”></li>
<li><iframe longdesc=”...”></li>
<li><iframe src=”...”></li>
<li><img longdesc=”...”></li>
<li><img src=”...”></li>
<li><img usemap=”...”></li>
<li><input src=”...”></li>
<li><input usemap=”...”></li>
<li><ins cite=”...”></li>
<li><link href=”...”></li>
<li><object classid=”...”></li>
<li><object codebase=”...”></li>
<li><object data=”...”></li>
<li><object usemap=”...”></li>
<li><q cite=”...”></li>
<li><script src=”...”></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-relative-uris-are-resolved">
<h2>How Relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s Are Resolved<a class="headerlink" href="#how-relative-uris-are-resolved" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p><strong class="program">Universal Feed Parser</strong> resolves relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s
according to the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/">XML:Base</a> specification.
This defines a hierarchical inheritance system, where one element can define
the base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> for itself and all of its
child elements, using an xml:base attribute. A child element can then override
its parent’s base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> by redeclaring
xml:base to a different value.</p>
<p>If no xml:base is specified, the feed has a default base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>
defined in the Content-Location <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header.</p>
<p>If no Content-Location <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header is
present, the <abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> used to retrieve the feed
itself is the default base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> for all
relative links within the feed. If the feed was retrieved via an
<abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> redirect (any <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr>
3xx status code), then the final <abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> of the
feed is the default base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>.</p>
<p>For example, an xml:base on the root-level element sets the base
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> for all <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s in the feed.</p>
<div class="section" id="xml-base-on-the-root-level-element">
<h3>xml:base on the root-level element<a class="headerlink" href="#xml-base-on-the-root-level-element" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/index.html'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">generator_detail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">href</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/generator/'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An xml:base attribute on an <entry> overrides the xml:base on the parent <feed>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="overriding-xml-base-on-an-entry">
<h3>Overriding xml:base on an <entry><a class="headerlink" href="#overriding-xml-base-on-an-entry" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/archives/000001.html'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">author_detail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">href</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/about/'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An xml:base on <content> overrides the xml:base on the parent <entry>. In
addition, whatever the base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> is for
the <content> element (whether defined directly on the <content> element, or
inherited from the parent element) is used as the base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>
for the embedded <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
or <abbr title="Extensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr> markup within the
content.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="relative-links-within-embedded-html">
<h3>Relative links within embedded <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr><a class="headerlink" href="#relative-links-within-embedded-html" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go">u'<p id="anchor1"><a href="http://example.org/archives/000001.html#anchor2">skip to anchor 2</a></p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Some content</p></span>
<span class="go"><p id="anchor2">This is anchor 2</p>'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The xml:base affects other attributes in the element in which it is declared.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="xml-base-and-sibling-attributes">
<h3>xml:base and sibling attributes<a class="headerlink" href="#xml-base-and-sibling-attributes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">links</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rel</span>
<span class="go">u'service.edit'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">links</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">href</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.com/api/client/37'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If no xml:base is specified on the root-level element, the default base
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> is given in the Content-Location
<abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header. This can still be
overridden by any child element that declares an xml:base attribute.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="content-location-http-header">
<h3>Content-Location <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header<a class="headerlink" href="#content-location-http-header" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/http_base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/index.html'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/archives/000001.html'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally, if no root-level xml:base is declared, and no Content-Location
<abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header is present, the
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> of the feed itself is the default base
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>. Again, this can still be overridden
by any element that declares an xml:base attribute.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="feed-url-as-default-base-uri">
<h3>Feed <abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> as default base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr><a class="headerlink" href="#feed-url-as-default-base-uri" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/no_base.xml"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">feed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/index.html</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">link</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/archives/000001.html'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="disabling-relative-uris-resolution">
<span id="advanced-base-disable"></span><h2>Disabling Relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s Resolution<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-relative-uris-resolution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Though not recommended, it is possible to disable <strong class="program">Universal Feed Parser</strong>‘s relative
<abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> resolution by setting feedparser.RESOLVE_RELATIVE_URIS to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="section" id="how-to-disable-relative-uri-resolution">
<h3>How to disable relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> resolution<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-disable-relative-uri-resolution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">feedparser</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">base</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/archives/000001.html'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go"><p id="anchor1"><a href="http://example.org/archives/000001.html#anchor2">skip to anchor 2</a></p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Some content</p></span>
<span class="go"><p id="anchor2">This is anchor 2</p></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RESOLVE_RELATIVE_URIS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">feedparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://feedparser.org/docs/examples/base.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">d2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">base</span>
<span class="go">u'http://example.org/archives/000001.html'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">d2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">entries</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go"><p id="anchor1"><a href="#anchor2">skip to anchor 2</a></p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Some content</p></span>
<span class="go"><p id="anchor2">This is anchor 2</p></span>
</pre></div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Relative Link Resolution</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#which-values-are-uris">Which Values Are <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-relative-uris-are-resolved">How Relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s Are Resolved</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xml-base-on-the-root-level-element">xml:base on the root-level element</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overriding-xml-base-on-an-entry">Overriding xml:base on an <entry></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#relative-links-within-embedded-html">Relative links within embedded <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xml-base-and-sibling-attributes">xml:base and sibling attributes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#content-location-http-header">Content-Location <abbr title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> header</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#feed-url-as-default-base-uri">Feed <abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> as default base <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr></a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#disabling-relative-uris-resolution">Disabling Relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s Resolution</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-disable-relative-uri-resolution">How to disable relative <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> resolution</a></li>
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