// tutorial demonstrating and validates the RooJeffreysPrior class

/*
JeffreysPriorDemo.C

author Kyle Cranmer
date   Dec. 2010

This tutorial demonstraites and validates the RooJeffreysPrior class

Jeffreys's prior is an 'objective prior' based on formal rules.  
It is calculated from the Fisher information matrix.  

Read more:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffreys_prior

The analytic form is not known for most PDFs, but it is for 
simple cases like the Poisson mean, Gaussian mean, Gaussian sigma.

This class uses numerical tricks to calculate the Fisher Information Matrix
efficiently.  In particular, it takes advantage of a property of the
'Asimov data' as described in 
Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics
Glen Cowan, Kyle Cranmer, Eilam Gross, Ofer Vitells
http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1007.1727

This Demo has four parts:
TestJeffreysPriorDemo -- validates Poisson mean case 1/sqrt(mu)
TestJeffreysGaussMean -- validates Gaussian mean case
TestJeffreysGaussSigma -- validates Gaussian sigma case 1/sigma
TestJeffreysGaussMeanAndSigma -- demonstraites 2-d example

*/

#include "RooJeffreysPrior.h"

#include "RooWorkspace.h"
#include "RooDataHist.h"
#include "RooGenericPdf.h"
#include "TCanvas.h"
#include "RooPlot.h"
#include "RooFitResult.h"
#include "TMatrixDSym.h"
#include "RooRealVar.h"
#include "RooAbsPdf.h"
#include "RooNumIntConfig.h"
#include "TH1F.h"

using namespace RooFit;

void JeffreysPriorDemo(){
  RooWorkspace w("w");
  w.factory("Uniform::u(x[0,1])");
  w.factory("mu[100,1,200]");
  w.factory("ExtendPdf::p(u,mu)");

  //  w.factory("Poisson::pois(n[0,inf],mu)");

  RooDataHist* asimov = w.pdf("p")->generateBinned(*w.var("x"),ExpectedData());
  //  RooDataHist* asimov2 = w.pdf("pois")->generateBinned(*w.var("n"),ExpectedData());

  RooFitResult* res = w.pdf("p")->fitTo(*asimov,Save(),SumW2Error(kTRUE));

  asimov->Print();
  res->Print();
  TMatrixDSym cov = res->covarianceMatrix();
  cout << "variance = " << (cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cout << "stdev = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cov.Invert();
  cout << "jeffreys = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;

  w.defineSet("poi","mu");
  w.defineSet("obs","x");
  //  w.defineSet("obs2","n");

  RooJeffreysPrior pi("jeffreys","jeffreys",*w.pdf("p"),*w.set("poi"),*w.set("obs"));
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->method1D().setLabel("RooAdaptiveGaussKronrodIntegrator1D")  ;
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->getConfigSection("RooIntegrator1D").setRealValue("maxSteps",10);

  //  JeffreysPrior pi2("jeffreys2","jeffreys",*w.pdf("pois"),*w.set("poi"),*w.set("obs2"));

  //  return;
  RooGenericPdf* test = new RooGenericPdf("test","test","1./sqrt(mu)",*w.set("poi"));
  
  TCanvas* c1 = new TCanvas;
  RooPlot* plot = w.var("mu")->frame();
  //  pi.plotOn(plot, Normalization(1,RooAbsReal::Raw),Precision(.1));
  pi.plotOn(plot);
  //  pi2.plotOn(plot,LineColor(kGreen),LineStyle(kDotted));
  test->plotOn(plot,LineColor(kRed));
  plot->Draw();
 
}


//_________________________________________________
void TestJeffreysGaussMean(){
  RooWorkspace w("w");
  w.factory("Gaussian::g(x[0,-20,20],mu[0,-5,5],sigma[1,0,10])");
  w.factory("n[10,.1,200]");
  w.factory("ExtendPdf::p(g,n)");
  w.var("sigma")->setConstant();
  w.var("n")->setConstant();

  RooDataHist* asimov = w.pdf("p")->generateBinned(*w.var("x"),ExpectedData());

  RooFitResult* res = w.pdf("p")->fitTo(*asimov,Save(),SumW2Error(kTRUE));

  asimov->Print();
  res->Print();
  TMatrixDSym cov = res->covarianceMatrix();
  cout << "variance = " << (cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cout << "stdev = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cov.Invert();
  cout << "jeffreys = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;

  //  w.defineSet("poi","mu,sigma");
  w.defineSet("poi","mu");
  w.defineSet("obs","x");

  RooJeffreysPrior pi("jeffreys","jeffreys",*w.pdf("p"),*w.set("poi"),*w.set("obs"));
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->method1D().setLabel("RooAdaptiveGaussKronrodIntegrator1D")  ;
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->getConfigSection("RooIntegrator1D").setRealValue("maxSteps",3);

  const RooArgSet* temp = w.set("poi");
  pi.getParameters(*temp)->Print();

  //  return;
  RooGenericPdf* test = new RooGenericPdf("test","test","1",*w.set("poi"));
  
  TCanvas* c1 = new TCanvas;
  RooPlot* plot = w.var("mu")->frame();
  pi.plotOn(plot);
  test->plotOn(plot,LineColor(kRed),LineStyle(kDotted));
  plot->Draw();

  
}

//_________________________________________________
void TestJeffreysGaussSigma(){
  // this one is VERY sensitive
  // if the Gaussian is narrow ~ range(x)/nbins(x) then the peak isn't resolved
  //   and you get really bizzare shapes
  // if the Gaussian is too wide range(x) ~ sigma then PDF gets renormalized
  //   and the PDF falls off too fast at high sigma
  RooWorkspace w("w");
  w.factory("Gaussian::g(x[0,-20,20],mu[0,-5,5],sigma[1,1,5])");
  w.factory("n[100,.1,2000]");
  w.factory("ExtendPdf::p(g,n)");
  //  w.var("sigma")->setConstant();
  w.var("mu")->setConstant();
  w.var("n")->setConstant();
  w.var("x")->setBins(301);

  RooDataHist* asimov = w.pdf("p")->generateBinned(*w.var("x"),ExpectedData());

  RooFitResult* res = w.pdf("p")->fitTo(*asimov,Save(),SumW2Error(kTRUE));

  asimov->Print();
  res->Print();
  TMatrixDSym cov = res->covarianceMatrix();
  cout << "variance = " << (cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cout << "stdev = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cov.Invert();
  cout << "jeffreys = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;


  //  w.defineSet("poi","mu,sigma");
  //w.defineSet("poi","mu,sigma,n");
  w.defineSet("poi","sigma");
  w.defineSet("obs","x");

  RooJeffreysPrior pi("jeffreys","jeffreys",*w.pdf("p"),*w.set("poi"),*w.set("obs"));
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->method1D().setLabel("RooAdaptiveGaussKronrodIntegrator1D")  ;
  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->getConfigSection("RooIntegrator1D").setRealValue("maxSteps",3);

  const RooArgSet* temp = w.set("poi");
  pi.getParameters(*temp)->Print();
  //  return;

  //  return;
  RooGenericPdf* test = new RooGenericPdf("test","test","sqrt(2.)/sigma",*w.set("poi"));
  
  TCanvas* c1 = new TCanvas;
  RooPlot* plot = w.var("sigma")->frame();
  pi.plotOn(plot);
  test->plotOn(plot,LineColor(kRed),LineStyle(kDotted));
  plot->Draw();

  
}


//_________________________________________________
void TestJeffreysGaussMeanAndSigma(){
  // this one is VERY sensitive
  // if the Gaussian is narrow ~ range(x)/nbins(x) then the peak isn't resolved
  //   and you get really bizzare shapes
  // if the Gaussian is too wide range(x) ~ sigma then PDF gets renormalized
  //   and the PDF falls off too fast at high sigma
  RooWorkspace w("w");
  w.factory("Gaussian::g(x[0,-20,20],mu[0,-5,5],sigma[1,1,5])");
  w.factory("n[100,.1,2000]");
  w.factory("ExtendPdf::p(g,n)");
  //  w.var("sigma")->setConstant();
  //  w.var("mu")->setConstant();
  w.var("n")->setConstant();
  w.var("x")->setBins(301);

  RooDataHist* asimov = w.pdf("p")->generateBinned(*w.var("x"),ExpectedData());

  RooFitResult* res = w.pdf("p")->fitTo(*asimov,Save(),SumW2Error(kTRUE));

  asimov->Print();
  res->Print();
  TMatrixDSym cov = res->covarianceMatrix();
  cout << "variance = " << (cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cout << "stdev = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;
  cov.Invert();
  cout << "jeffreys = " << sqrt(cov.Determinant()) << endl;


  w.defineSet("poi","mu,sigma");
  //w.defineSet("poi","mu,sigma,n");
  //  w.defineSet("poi","sigma");
  w.defineSet("obs","x");

  RooJeffreysPrior pi("jeffreys","jeffreys",*w.pdf("p"),*w.set("poi"),*w.set("obs"));
  //  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->method1D().setLabel("RooAdaptiveGaussKronrodIntegrator1D")  ;
  pi.specialIntegratorConfig(kTRUE)->getConfigSection("RooIntegrator1D").setRealValue("maxSteps",3);

  const RooArgSet* temp = w.set("poi");
  pi.getParameters(*temp)->Print();
  //  return;

  TCanvas* c1 = new TCanvas;
  TH1* Jeff2d = pi.createHistogram("2dJeffreys",*w.var("mu"),Binning(10),YVar(*w.var("sigma"),Binning(10)));
  Jeff2d->Draw("surf");
  
}