<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>
Mup header and footers
</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>
<A HREF="newscore.html"><-- previous page</A>
<A HREF="index.html">Table of Contents</A> <A HREF="mupindex.html">Index</A> <A HREF="macros.html">next page --></A>
</P>
<H2>
Headers and footers
</H2>
<P>
Mup provides ways to put headers and footers on pages of output.
Often you may want a certain kind of header and footer on the first
page, but a different kind on any subsequent pages, so Mup makes it
easy to do that. Mup also offers two different "layers" of headers and
footers. These layers may be particularly useful if you have a single Mup
file that contains multiple songs, or multiple movements of a song.
In that case, there may be certain things that you want printed in
headers and footers throughout,
like the current page number and the name of the entire collection,
but other things that you want to have change with each new song or
movement.
</P>
<P>
The "outer" layer is specified by four contexts: header, footer, header2,
and footer2. The "inner" layer is specified by four contexts:
top, bottom, top2, and bottom2.
</P>
<P>
All of these contexts
can have different versions for left and right pages, by following their name
with a modifier of "leftpage" or "rightpage." So, for example, you can
have both a "top leftpage" and a "top rightpage." These will override
any corresponding version without a page side modifier. So if you also
defined a plain "top" in addition to ones for leftpage and rightpage,
it wouldn't actually ever get used. If, on the other hand,
you defined only a "top leftpage" and a plain "top," then
the plain top would get used for right hand pages, and if you only
define "top rightpage," and nothing for the other two, nothing would be
used on left hand pages. Pages will always alternate between left and right,
but you can control which to start with, using the
<A HREF="param.html#firstpg">firstpage parameter.</A>
</P>
<P>
All of these contexts are optional.
Each of the three variations (leftpage, rightpage, and unmodified)
of each outer context (header, footer, header2, footer2)
can only be specified once per file.
The inner contexts can be specified more than once per file, and
each time a set of them occurs, a new page is started.
On output pages, all of these contexts are placed horizontally
between the left and right margins, and vertically the
elements appear in the following order:
(topmargin)
header
top
(one or more scores of music or blocks of text)
bottom
footer
(bottommargin)
</P>
<P>
Which version is used--the one with or without the "2" suffix--depends
on which page is being printed. The items in header and footer
appear on only the very first page,
while those in header2 and footer2 appear on all subsequent pages.
Somewhat similarly, the items in top and bottom will appear on the page
that is started when they are encountered in the input,
while top2 and bottom2 will then be used on all subsequent pages.
However, you can specify a new top and/or bottom later,
that will then to used for one page, and you can specify
a new top2 and/or bottom2 later which will replace the previous top2/bottom2.
Note, however, that if you change top2 but not top,
that new top2 is used immediately on the new page,
whereas if you change both, the new top applies
to the immediately following new page,
and the new top2 isn't used until the following page. Subsequent pages
will use top2 in either case.
</P>
<P>
Some examples may help.
First a simple case: suppose you have a single song, and you'd like a title
at the top of the first page. This is straightforward:
<BR><PRE>
top
title "Here is the Title"
</PRE><BR>
For this simple example, it would work just as well to use "header" instead
of "top," so you can use either one, although top is slightly more flexible.
Later we'll see some examples where you might use both header and top in
the same file, for different kinds of titles.
</P>
<P>
Now suppose you'd like to make the title bigger and bolder, and would like
to add a subtitle and composer information, as well as add a copyright
notice to the bottom of the page.
<BR><PRE>
top
title bold (18) "Here is the Title"
title ital (14) "Here is a subtitle"
title "Lyrics: Ann Author" "Composer: Me"
bottom
title "\(copyright) Copyright 2003 by Ann Author and Me"
</PRE><BR>
Again, in this simple example,
you could use "header" and "footer" rather than "top" and "bottom."
</P>
<P>
Now suppose the song is long enough to take several pages,
and you would like to repeat the title along with the page number on
all pages after the first. To accomplish this, you could add:
<BR><PRE>
top2
title "Here is the Title - \%"
</PRE><BR>
The \% is a special marker that will get replaced on each page
with the current page number. While it can be used in any text string,
it is probably only likely to be useful in these header and footer kinds
of contexts.
<A NAME="pagenum">Another special marker</A>
is \#, which will be replaced by the page number of the final page.
This could be useful for doing something like "page \% of \#."
</P>
<P>
As a variation, perhaps you'd prefer the information at the bottom of
the page.
<BR><PRE>
bottom2
title "This is the title" "Page \%"
</PRE><BR>
In this variation, two separate text strings are specified,
so the first string will be left justified and the second will be
right justified.
</P>
<P>
Note that if you give a top2 or bottom2,
but it turns out there aren't any additional pages,
they would never actually get used.
But it wouldn't hurt to have set them.
</P>
<P>
Now let's consider a more complicated example, using both outer and inner
contexts. Suppose you are publishing a book of songs,
entitled "My Favorite Songs," and you want to put that title at the top
of every page throughout the book, and you want a page number at the bottom
of each page except the first.
You could get that much using:
<BR><PRE>
header
title "My Favorite Songs"
header2
title "My Favorite Songs"
footer2
title "\%"
</PRE><BR>
But suppose that in addition, you want each song to have its title on its
first page in big print, and on subsequent pages in regular size print.
To get this, at the beginning of each song, you could use top and top2:
<BR><PRE>
top
title (18) "This is the Song Title"
top2
title "This is the Song Title"
</PRE><BR>
</P>
<P>
Now suppose you'd prefer to have the page numbers at the left margin of
left hand pages and at the right margin of right hand pages. Instead of
the single unmodified footer2 shown above, you would make two:
<BR><PRE>
footer2 leftpage
title "page \%" ""
footer2 rightpage
title "" "page \%"
</PRE><BR>
</P>
<P>
A composition with multiple movements can be handled similarly,
by giving header, footer, header2, and footer2 (or any subset thereof)
for the composition as a whole,
and then giving new top, bottom, top2, and bottom2 definition (or any subset)
at the beginning of each new movement.
</P>
<P>
These contexts are conceptually in a separate coordinate space,
which will be overlaid on each page coordinate space.
When in these contexts,
<A HREF="tags.html#wintag">the _win special tag</A>
applies to
the header or footer window rather than the space between the header and
footer as it does in the music context.
</P>
<P>
Since headers or footers will expand as necessary, the
<A HREF="tags.html#wintag">value of _win.s and _win.y</A>
may be changed by any of the statements in the context. At any given
time, they refer to the boundaries as defined by what has been printed
so far. Thus, if the first line of a header contains an 18 point title,
after that, _win.s would be 18 points below _win.n.
It the header then contained a 12 point title, after that it
would be 31 points below _win.n (12 points for the title string, plus 1 point
of padding that is added between lines printed).
</P>
<P>
In addition to the "title" commands used in the examples above,
you can also use
<A HREF="prnttext.html">the "print," "left," "right," or "center" commands.</A>
In most
cases you will want to use "nl" for the <I>location</I> on those commands
to place things. If you don't specify a <I>location</I> for the first of these
commands in a header or footer, Mup will start at the left margin, just far
enough down from the top to accommodate the text string to be printed.
These contexts can also contain settings of the
<A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
<A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
and
<A HREF="param.html#size">size</A>
parameters.
These parameter values will be used until the end of the context or until
set again to some other value.
</P>
<HR><P>
<A HREF="newscore.html"><-- previous page</A> <A HREF="index.html">Table of Contents</A> <A HREF="mupindex.html">Index</A> <A HREF="macros.html">next page --></A>
</P>
</BODY></HTML>
