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<div class="section" id="tables">
<h1>8.5. Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="summary">
<h2>8.5.1. Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#summary" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Table in groonga manages relation between ID and key. Groonga provides
four table types. They are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_PAT_KEY</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt>.</p>
<p>All tables except <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> provides both fast ID search by key
and fast key search by ID. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> doesn't support
key. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> only manages ID. So <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> doesn't
provides ID search and key search.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="characteristics">
<h2>8.5.2. Characteristics<a class="headerlink" href="#characteristics" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Here is a chracteristic table of all tables in groonga. (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_</span></tt>
prefix is omitted in the table.)</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="21%" />
<col width="18%" />
<col width="21%" />
<col width="20%" />
<col width="20%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"> </th>
<th class="head"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NO_KEY</span></tt></th>
<th class="head"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HASH_KEY</span></tt></th>
<th class="head"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PAT_KEY</span></tt></th>
<th class="head"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DAT_KEY</span></tt></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td>Data
structure</td>
<td>Array</td>
<td>Hash table</td>
<td>Patricia
trie</td>
<td>Double
array
trie</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>ID
support</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Key
support</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Value
support</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p class="first">Key -> ID
speed</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>o: fast</li>
<li>x: slow</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>oo</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p class="first">Update speed</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>o: fast</li>
<li>x: slow</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td>ooo</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p class="first">Size</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>o: small</li>
<li>x: large</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td>ooo</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>oo</td>
<td>x</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Key
update</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Common
prefix
search</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Predictive
search</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Range
search</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>x</td>
<td>o</td>
<td>o</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="section" id="table-no-key">
<h3>8.5.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#table-no-key" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> is very fast and very small but it doesn't support
key. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> is a only table that doesn't support key.</p>
<p>You cannot use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> for lexicon for fulltext search
because lexicon stores tokens as key. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> is useful for
no key records such as log.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="table-hash-key">
<h3>8.5.2.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#table-hash-key" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt> is fast but it doesn't support advanced search
functions such as common prefix search and predictive search.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt> is useful for index for exact search such as tag
search.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="table-pat-key">
<h3>8.5.2.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_PAT_KEY</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#table-pat-key" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_PAT_KEY</span></tt> is small and supports advanced search functions.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_PAT_KEY</span></tt> is useful for lexicon for fulltext search and
index for range search.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="table-dat-key">
<h3>8.5.2.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#table-dat-key" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt> is fast and supports key update but it is large. It
is not suitable for storing many records. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt> is a only
table that supports key update.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt> is used in groonga database. Groonga database needs
to convert object name such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ShortText</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TokenBigram</span></tt> and
table names to object ID. And groonga database needs to rename object
name. Those features are implemented by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt>. The number
of objects is small. So large data size demerit of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt>
can be ignored.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="record-id">
<h2>8.5.3. Record ID<a class="headerlink" href="#record-id" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Record ID is assigned automatically. You cannot assign record ID.</p>
<p>Record ID of deleted record may be reused.</p>
<p>Valid record ID range is between 1 and 268435455. (1 and 268435455 are
valid IDs.)</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="persistent-table-and-temporary-table">
<h2>8.5.4. Persistent table and temporary table<a class="headerlink" href="#persistent-table-and-temporary-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Table is persistent table or temporary table.</p>
<div class="section" id="persistent-table">
<h3>8.5.4.1. Persistent table<a class="headerlink" href="#persistent-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Persistent table is named and registered to database. Records in
persistent table aren't deleted after closing table or
database.</p>
<p>Persistent table can be created by
<a class="reference internal" href="commands/table_create.html"><em>table_create</em></a> command.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="temporary-table">
<h3>8.5.4.2. Temporary table<a class="headerlink" href="#temporary-table" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Temporary table is anonymous. Records in temporary table are deleted
after closing table. Temporary table is used to store search result,
sort result, group (drilldown) result and so on. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt> is
used for search result and group result. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt> is used for
sort result.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="limitations">
<h2>8.5.5. Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The max number of records is 268435455. You cannot add 268435456 or
more records in a table.</p>
<p>The max number of a key size is 4096byte. You cannot use 4097byte or
larger key. You can use column instead of key for 4097byte or larger
size data. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Text</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LargeText</span></tt> types supports 4097byte or
larger size data.</p>
<p>The max number of total key size is 4GiB. You need to split a table,
split a database (sharding) or reduce each key size to handle 4GiB or
more larger total key size.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="see-also">
<h2>8.5.6. See also<a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="commands/table_create.html"><em>table_create</em></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">8.5. Tables</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#summary">8.5.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#characteristics">8.5.2. Characteristics</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table-no-key">8.5.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_NO_KEY</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table-hash-key">8.5.2.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_HASH_KEY</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table-pat-key">8.5.2.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_PAT_KEY</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#table-dat-key">8.5.2.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TABLE_DAT_KEY</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#record-id">8.5.3. Record ID</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#persistent-table-and-temporary-table">8.5.4. Persistent table and temporary table</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#persistent-table">8.5.4.1. Persistent table</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#temporary-table">8.5.4.2. Temporary table</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations">8.5.5. Limitations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also">8.5.6. See also</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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