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<h1 class="heading">Pygments</h1>
<h2 class="subheading">Unicode and Encodings</h2>
<a id="backlink" href="index.html">« Back To Index</a>
<p>Since Pygments 0.6, all lexers use unicode strings internally. Because of that
you might encounter the occasional <cite>UnicodeDecodeError</cite> if you pass strings with the
wrong encoding.</p>
<p>Per default all lexers have their input encoding set to <cite>latin1</cite>.
If you pass a lexer a string object (not unicode), it tries to decode the data
using this encoding.
You can override the encoding using the <cite>encoding</cite> lexer option. If you have the
<a class="reference external" href="http://chardet.feedparser.org/">chardet</a> library installed and set the encoding to <tt class="docutils literal">chardet</tt> if will ananlyse
the text and use the encoding it thinks is the right one automatically:</p>
<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygments.lexers</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PythonLexer</span>
<span class="n">lexer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PythonLexer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'chardet'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The best way is to pass Pygments unicode objects. In that case you can't get
unexpected output.</p>
<p>The formatters now send Unicode objects to the stream if you don't set the
output encoding. You can do so by passing the formatters an <cite>encoding</cite> option:</p>
<div class="syntax"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygments.formatters</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HtmlFormatter</span>
<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HtmlFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p><strong>You will have to set this option if you have non-ASCII characters in the
source and the output stream does not accept Unicode written to it!</strong>
This is the case for all regular files and for terminals.</p>
<p>Note: The Terminal formatter tries to be smart: if its output stream has an
<cite>encoding</cite> attribute, and you haven't set the option, it will encode any
Unicode string with this encoding before writing it. This is the case for
<cite>sys.stdout</cite>, for example. The other formatters don't have that behavior.</p>
<p>Another note: If you call Pygments via the command line (<cite>pygmentize</cite>),
encoding is handled differently, see <a class="reference external" href="./cmdline.html">the command line docs</a>.</p>
<p><em>New in Pygments 0.7</em>: the formatters now also accept an <cite>outencoding</cite> option
which will override the <cite>encoding</cite> option if given. This makes it possible to
use a single options dict with lexers and formatters, and still have different
input and output encodings.</p>
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