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<title>Enum</title>
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<h1>Module <a href="type_Enum.html">Enum</a></h1>
<pre><span class="keyword">module</span> Enum: <code class="code">sig</code> <a href="Enum.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
Enumeration over abstract collection of elements.
<p>
Enumerations are entirely functional and most of the operations do not
actually require the allocation of data structures. Using enumerations
to manipulate data is therefore efficient and simple. All data structures in
ExtLib such as lists, arrays, etc. have support to convert from and to
enumerations.<br>
</div>
<hr width="100%">
<pre><span id="TYPEt"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type">'a</code> t</span> </pre>
<br>
<h6 id="6_Finalfunctions">Final functions</h6>
<p>
These functions consume the enumeration until
it ends or an exception is raised by the first
argument function.<br>
<pre><span id="VALiter"><span class="keyword">val</span> iter</span> : <code class="type">('a -> unit) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">iter f e</code> calls the function <code class="code">f</code> with each elements of <code class="code">e</code> in turn.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALiter2"><span class="keyword">val</span> iter2</span> : <code class="type">('a -> 'b -> unit) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">iter2 f e1 e2</code> calls the function <code class="code">f</code> with the next elements of <code class="code">e</code> and
<code class="code">e2</code> repeatedly until one of the two enumerations ends.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfold"><span class="keyword">val</span> fold</span> : <code class="type">('a -> 'b -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">fold f v e</code> returns <code class="code">v</code> if <code class="code">e</code> is empty,
otherwise <code class="code">f aN (... (f a2 (f a1 v)) ...)</code> where a1..N are
the elements of <code class="code">e</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfold2"><span class="keyword">val</span> fold2</span> : <code class="type">('a -> 'b -> 'c -> 'c) -> 'c -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'c</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">fold2</code> is similar to <code class="code">fold</code> but will fold over two enumerations at the
same time until one of the two enumerations ends.<br>
</div>
<br>
Indexed functions : these functions are similar to previous ones
except that they call the function with one additional argument which
is an index starting at 0 and incremented after each call to the function.<br>
<pre><span id="VALiteri"><span class="keyword">val</span> iteri</span> : <code class="type">(int -> 'a -> unit) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><pre><span id="VALiter2i"><span class="keyword">val</span> iter2i</span> : <code class="type">(int -> 'a -> 'b -> unit) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><pre><span id="VALfoldi"><span class="keyword">val</span> foldi</span> : <code class="type">(int -> 'a -> 'b -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b</code></pre><pre><span id="VALfold2i"><span class="keyword">val</span> fold2i</span> : <code class="type">(int -> 'a -> 'b -> 'c -> 'c) -> 'c -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'c</code></pre><br>
<h6 id="6_Usefulfunctions">Useful functions</h6><br>
<pre><span id="VALfind"><span class="keyword">val</span> find</span> : <code class="type">('a -> bool) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">find f e</code> returns the first element <code class="code">x</code> of <code class="code">e</code> such that <code class="code">f x</code> returns
<code class="code">true</code>, consuming the enumeration up to and including the
found element, or, raises <code class="code">Not_found</code> if no such element exists
in the enumeration, consuming the whole enumeration in the search.
<p>
Since <code class="code">find</code> consumes a prefix of the enumeration, it can be used several
times on the same enumeration to find the next element.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALis_empty"><span class="keyword">val</span> is_empty</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> bool</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">is_empty e</code> returns true if <code class="code">e</code> does not contains any element.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALpeek"><span class="keyword">val</span> peek</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a option</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">peek e</code> returns <code class="code">None</code> if <code class="code">e</code> is empty or <code class="code">Some x</code> where <code class="code">x</code> is
the next element of <code class="code">e</code>. The element is not removed from the enumeration.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALget"><span class="keyword">val</span> get</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a option</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">get e</code> returns <code class="code">None</code> if <code class="code">e</code> is empty or <code class="code">Some x</code> where <code class="code">x</code> is
the next element of <code class="code">e</code>, in which case the element is removed from the enumeration.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALpush"><span class="keyword">val</span> push</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">push e x</code> will add <code class="code">x</code> at the beginning of <code class="code">e</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALjunk"><span class="keyword">val</span> junk</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">junk e</code> removes the first element from the enumeration, if any.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALclone"><span class="keyword">val</span> clone</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">clone e</code> creates a new enumeration that is copy of <code class="code">e</code>. If <code class="code">e</code>
is consumed by later operations, the clone will not get affected.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALforce"><span class="keyword">val</span> force</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">force e</code> forces the application of all lazy functions and the
enumeration of all elements, exhausting the enumeration.
<p>
An efficient intermediate data structure
of enumerated elements is constructed and <code class="code">e</code> will now enumerate over
that data structure.<br>
</div>
<br>
<h6 id="6_Lazyconstructors">Lazy constructors</h6>
<p>
These functions are lazy which means that they will create a new modified
enumeration without actually enumerating any element until they are asked
to do so by the programmer (using one of the functions above).
<p>
When the resulting enumerations of these functions are consumed, the
underlying enumerations they were created from are also consumed.<br>
<pre><span id="VALmap"><span class="keyword">val</span> map</span> : <code class="type">('a -> 'b) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">map f e</code> returns an enumeration over <code class="code">(f a1, f a2, ... , f aN)</code> where
a1...N are the elements of <code class="code">e</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALmapi"><span class="keyword">val</span> mapi</span> : <code class="type">(int -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">mapi</code> is similar to <code class="code">map</code> except that <code class="code">f</code> is passed one extra argument
which is the index of the element in the enumeration, starting from 0.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfilter"><span class="keyword">val</span> filter</span> : <code class="type">('a -> bool) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">filter f e</code> returns an enumeration over all elements <code class="code">x</code> of <code class="code">e</code> such
as <code class="code">f x</code> returns <code class="code">true</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfilter_map"><span class="keyword">val</span> filter_map</span> : <code class="type">('a -> 'b option) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'b <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">filter_map f e</code> returns an enumeration over all elements <code class="code">x</code> such as
<code class="code">f y</code> returns <code class="code">Some x</code> , where <code class="code">y</code> is an element of <code class="code">e</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALappend"><span class="keyword">val</span> append</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">append e1 e2</code> returns an enumeration that will enumerate over all
elements of <code class="code">e1</code> followed by all elements of <code class="code">e2</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALconcat"><span class="keyword">val</span> concat</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">concat e</code> returns an enumeration over all elements of all enumerations
of <code class="code">e</code>.<br>
</div>
<br>
<h6 id="6_Constructors">Constructors</h6>
<p>
In this section the word <i>shall</i> denotes a semantic
requirement. The correct operation
of the functions in this interface are conditional
on the client meeting these requirements.<br>
<pre><span id="EXCEPTIONNo_more_elements"><span class="keyword">exception</span> No_more_elements</span></pre>
<div class="info">
This exception <i>shall</i> be raised by the <code class="code">next</code> function of <code class="code">make</code>
or <code class="code">from</code> when no more elements can be enumerated, it <i>shall not</i>
be raised by any function which is an argument to any
other function specified in the interface.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALempty"><span class="keyword">val</span> empty</span> : <code class="type">unit -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
The empty enumeration : contains no element<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALmake"><span class="keyword">val</span> make</span> : <code class="type">next:(unit -> 'a) -><br> count:(unit -> int) -> clone:(unit -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a>) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
This function creates a fully defined enumeration.
<ul>
<li>the <code class="code">next</code> function <i>shall</i> return the next element of the
enumeration or raise <code class="code">No_more_elements</code> if the underlying data structure
does not have any more elements to enumerate.</li>
<li>the <code class="code">count</code> function <i>shall</i> return the actual number of remaining
elements in the enumeration.</li>
<li>the <code class="code">clone</code> function <i>shall</i> create a clone of the enumeration
such as operations on the original enumeration will not affect the
clone. </li>
</ul>
<p>
For some samples on how to correctly use <code class="code">make</code>, you can have a look
at implementation of <code class="code">ExtList.enum</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfrom"><span class="keyword">val</span> from</span> : <code class="type">(unit -> 'a) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">from next</code> creates an enumeration from the <code class="code">next</code> function.
<code class="code">next</code> <i>shall</i> return the next element of the enumeration or raise
<code class="code">No_more_elements</code> when no more elements can be enumerated. Since the
enumeration definition is incomplete, a call to <code class="code">clone</code> or <code class="code">count</code> will
result in a call to <code class="code">force</code> that will enumerate all elements in order to
return a correct value.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALinit"><span class="keyword">val</span> init</span> : <code class="type">int -> (int -> 'a) -> 'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">init n f</code> creates a new enumeration over elements
<code class="code">f 0, f 1, ..., f (n-1)</code><br>
</div>
<br>
<h6 id="6_Counting">Counting</h6><br>
<pre><span id="VALcount"><span class="keyword">val</span> count</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> int</code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">count e</code> returns the number of remaining elements in <code class="code">e</code> without
consuming the enumeration.
<p>
Depending of the underlying data structure that is implementing the
enumeration functions, the count operation can be costly, and even sometimes
can cause a call to <code class="code">force</code>.<br>
</div>
<pre><span id="VALfast_count"><span class="keyword">val</span> fast_count</span> : <code class="type">'a <a href="Enum.html#TYPEt">t</a> -> bool</code></pre><div class="info">
For users worried about the speed of <code class="code">count</code> you can call the <code class="code">fast_count</code>
function that will give an hint about <code class="code">count</code> implementation. Basically, if
the enumeration has been created with <code class="code">make</code> or <code class="code">init</code> or if <code class="code">force</code> has
been called on it, then <code class="code">fast_count</code> will return true.<br>
</div>
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