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<h1>Monosynth</h1>
<a href="images/Calf - Monosynth - Audio Path.png" title="Calf - Monosynth - Audio Path" class="thickbox"><img class="thumbnail" src="images/Calf - Monosynth - Audio Path.png" /></a>
<h2>Functionality</h2>
<p>
Monosynth is a simple "virtual analogue" monophonic synthesizer. It consists of the following parts:
<ul>
<li>Two oscillators, each capable of producing one of several waveforms, with minimal amount of aliasing</li>
<li>Most of the waveforms can be modified using the Pulse Width setting. The exact effect varies between waveforms, but it can be used to create PWM or chorus-style effects with single oscillator.
<li>One of the oscillators (Osc1) can also stretch its waveform to mimic an effect of a two-oscillator 'hard sync' circuitry from some analogue synthesizers.
<li>A filter capable of operating in several modes (12dB lowpass, 24dB lowpass, 12dB highpass, stereo 12dB lowpass, two types of bandpass and a combination of a notch filter and either LP or HP filter)
<li>Two ADSFR envelope generators, which can be used for either sustained or fading envelopes.
<li>Two low frequency oscillators
<li>A number of fixed modulations for the most commonly used routings, plus a versatile modulation matrix for less frequently used ones
<li>Portamento function
</ul>
</p><h2>Tips</h2>
<ul>
<li>Use "Note velocity - To Cutoff" setting for bubbly velocity-sensitive bass sounds (sometimes referred to as acid bass).
<li>Use "Note velocity - To Amp" setting to make notes louder or softer depending on velocity. Or set both Note velocity settings to 0% to simulate a synth keyboard without velocity sensing.
<li>The easiest way to achieve a vibrato effect is to use the "LFO1 - To pitch" setting. The more difficult way is by using either of the LFOs and the modulation matrix.
</ul>
<h2>Controls</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Osc1 Wave, Osc2 Wave:</strong> Selects the waveform to be used for the respective oscillator</li>
<li><strong>Osc1 PW, Osc2 PW:</strong> Pulse width/phase shift setting for the respective oscillator</li>
<li><strong>Osc1 Stretch:</strong> Simulates oscillator 'hard sync' effect.</li>
<li><strong>Osc1 Window:</strong> Shapes a waveform produced by the oscillator to make aliasing artifacts from 'Stretch' function less audible.</li>
<li><strong>O1<>2 Detune:</strong> Pitch difference between oscillators 1 and 2</li>
<li><strong>Scale Detune:</strong> Vary detune amount depending on note pitch. This makes it possible to keep the oscillator beat frequency in low-frequency range across several octaves.</li>
<li><strong>Osc2 Transpose:</strong> Transposition (in semitones) of Osc 2 relative to Osc 1</li>
<li><strong>Phase mode:</strong> Determines starting phases of the two oscillators</li>
<li><strong>O1<>2 Mix:</strong> Relative amounts of signals from Osc1 and Osc2</li>
<li><strong>Filter:</strong> Type of filter used to process the signal from the oscillators</li>
<li><strong>Cutoff:</strong> Frequency of a cutoff point (usually -3dB) of the filter</li>
<li><strong>Resonance:</strong> Strength of the resonant peak of the filter</li>
<li><strong>Separation:</strong> In double filters, shifts one filter's cutoff frequency relative to another</li>
<li><strong>EG1: Attack:</strong> Sets the duration of the attack phase of envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: Decay:</strong> Sets the duration of the decay phase of envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: Sustain:</strong> Sets the level of the sustain phase of envelope generator 1 (also controls the start level of fade-in/fade-out)</li>
<li><strong>EG1: Fade:</strong> Sets the duration of the fade-in/fade-out phase of envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: Release:</strong> Sets the duration of the release phase of envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: To Cutoff:</strong> Determines the amount of modulation of cutoff frequency by envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: To Res:</strong> Determines the amount of modulation of resonance strength by envelope generator 1</li>
<li><strong>EG1: To Amp:</strong> Enables or disables connection between envelope generator 1 and sound amplitude</li>
<li><strong>EG2: Attack:</strong> Sets the duration of the attack phase of envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: Decay:</strong> Sets the duration of the decay phase of envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: Sustain:</strong> Sets the level of the sustain phase of envelope generator 2 (also controls the start level of fade-in/fade-out)</li>
<li><strong>EG2: Fade:</strong> Sets the duration of the fade-in/fade-out phase of envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: Release:</strong> Sets the duration of the release phase of envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: To Cutoff:</strong> Determines the amount of modulation of cutoff frequency by envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: To Res:</strong> Determines the amount of modulation of resonance strength by envelope generator 2</li>
<li><strong>EG2: To Amp:</strong> Enables or disables connection between envelope generator 2 and sound amplitude</li>
<li><strong>Key follow:</strong> Determines how much the pitch affects the cutoff frequency of the filter</li>
<li><strong>Legato:</strong> Controls how the envelope retriggering and portamento (smooth pitch transition) operate when a note is played:<ul>
<li>Retrig: always retrigger, always use portamento
<li>Legato: play legato when one of the previous notes is still held, always use portamento
<li>Fng Retrig: always retrigger, only use portamento when one of the previous notes is still held (portamento is skipped if all previous notes have been released)
<li>Fng Legato: play legato and use portamento only when one of the previous notes is still held (portamento is skipped if all previous notes have been released)
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Portamento:</strong> Controls pitch gliding between subsequent notes. Also affected by Legato setting.</li>
<li><strong>Note velocity: To Cutoff (Vel->Filter):</strong> Links note velocity to filter cutoff.</li>
<li><strong>Note velocity: To Amp (Vel->Amp):</strong> Links note velocity to amplitude level.</li>
<li><strong>Master:</strong> Master volume.</li>
<li><strong>PBend Range:</strong> The range (in cents) of the pitch bend wheel. 200 ct (default) is the typical MIDI setting of +/- 2 semitones. Another common setting is 1200 ct (one octave), traditionally used for some synth sounds.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 Mode:</strong> Whether or not Low Frequency Oscillator 1 restarts on a new note.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 Rate:</strong> Frequency of the Low Frequency Oscillator 1.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 Delay:</strong> Time before Low Frequency Oscillator 1 starts.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 ModWheel:</strong> Links the amplitude of LFO1 to modulation wheel setting. 0% means LFO1 uses full amplitude regardless of modulation wheel setting. 100% means that LFO1 amplitude is fully determined by modulation wheel.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 To Cutoff:</strong> Links the filter cutoff frequency to LFO1 output.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 To Resonance:</strong> Links the filter resonance strength to LFO1 output.</li>
<li><strong>LFO1 To Osc PW:</strong> Links the oscillators' pulse width to LFO1 output.</li>
<li><strong>LFO2 Mode:</strong> Whether or not Low Frequency Oscillator 2 restarts on a new note.</li>
<li><strong>LFO2 Rate:</strong> Frequency of the Low Frequency Oscillator 2.</li>
<li><strong>LFO2 Delay:</strong> Time before Low Frequency Oscillator 2 starts.</li>
</ul>
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