The xine engine FAQ list

Copyright © 2001-2010 the xine project team

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General questions about xine and this document

    What is the xine engine?
    What's the aim and scope of this text?
    My question is not yet covered here – where can I ask for help?
    How do I pronounce "xine"?
    What are those xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine, … Mercurial repositories for?
    Where and how do I get the latest development version?
    Don't you use CVS?
    How do I submit patches?
    Where can I find pre-compiled binaries, e.g. RPMs?

Building and installing xine from source

    What do I need to compile everything properly?
    How do I compile xine?
    Making your own RPM packages (xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine)
    Making your own .deb packages (xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine)
    Can I provide additional CFLAGS for compilation?
    Are there binaries for my AMD K7 (Athlon™) available? Can I build them?
    Build problems: xine engine (xine-lib)
    Build problems in frontends (gxine/xine-ui/…)
    Can I install xine in my home directory (without being root)?
    How to compile xine for Windows?

Playback of various stream types

    DVD Playback with xine
    Can I watch Video CDs (VCDs)? SVCDS ? CD-i?
    Can I watch Quicktime (.mov, .mp4) files using xine?
    Real Network files/streams
    Can I watch Windows Media (.asf/.wmv/.wma) files using xine?
    Can I watch Digital TV (Digital Video Broadcast) using xine?
    How do I play streams from STDIN?
    How can I watch files with external AVI subtitles?

Running xine

    I have a lot of dropped frames – what can I do?
    Oki, xine doesn't drop frames now but video output still is not really
        smooth!
    I have problems when using xine on FreeBSD, Solaris, … !
    What is aalib? How do I use it in xine?
    Does xine support my dxr3 / hollywood+ card?

Audio related questions

    What audio drivers does xine support? OSS? Alsa? Arts? Esd?
    When I'm watching a movie, the sound effects are much higher in volume than
        the voices!
    When I play this stream, xine shows video but there's no audio!
    Can xine produce 4-/5-channel surround audio output?
    What about ac3 output via spdif to an external ac3 decoder?
    Getting SPDIF output from a SBLive 5.1 using OSS drivers
    Changing the volume with the GUI control has no effect! What's up!?
    Audio is stuttering and i see a lot of "metronom: fixing sound card drift
        by -2115 pts" on the console output
    xine seems to lose sound arbitrarily during playback, especially with DVDs

Video related questions

    I can hear the audio – but I don't see a picture!
    I only see a blue (or green or black) video image most of the time.
    The image looks strange, it is shifted, cropped or shows weird lines!
    How can I make xine use the Xv extension and what drivers do I need?
    Some parts of my X Desktop get transparent when xine plays the video!
    How do I get Xv working with compiz?
    The aspect ratio of the video is wrong!
    What is the difference between discarded and skipped frames?
    My xine is runing in black and white! / I only get a grey video output!
    Which is the best video driver to use?

OSD and overlay related questions

    What is this "unscaled" OSD about?
    I can't see the OSD or it leaves a black box over the image!
    Why colours of overlays/subtitles seem to be "leaking"?
    Why external subtitles look so ugly?
    Why subtitles can't be displayed outside the video?
    What kinds of subtitle fonts does xine use?
    How to create own xine subtitle fonts?
    Encoding of external subtitles is bad. What is wrong?

Error Messages: What they mean and what you can do

    Starting xine crashes X, I am logged out of my desktop!
    Starting xine fails with complains about audio drivers/devices!
    "no video port found"
    "Unable to open dvd drive (/dev/dvd)"
    My drive doesn't work and the kernel says "status=0x51 { DriveReady
        SeekComplete Error }"
    "demux error! 00 00 00 (should be 0x000001)"
    "audio driver 'oss' failed, using null driver instead"
    "video_out: throwing away image with pts xxx because it's too old"
    "No video plugin available to decode 'xxxxxx'."
    "w32codec: decoder failed to start. Is 'xxxxxx' installed?"
    xine just crashed on me – i didn't get any error message

General questions about xine and this document

What is the xine engine?

The xine engine is a free media player engine. It comes in the form of a shared
libarary and is typically used by media player frontends and other multimedia
applications for playback of multimedia streams such as movies, radio/tv
network streams, DVDs, VCDs.

Since there are several frontends for the xine library available, this document
has a problem when it comes to examples. The two most common frontends xine-ui
and gxine are mixed in command line examples throughout this FAQ. When you use
a different frontend, some of these will not work for you. The filename of the
config file also varies amongst frontends. If you get confused, I recommend you
try with one of xine-ui or gxine.

What's the aim and scope of this text?

The primary goal of this FAQ is to cover all recurring questions related to the
xine engine. Frontend specific questions are usually not covered here.

My question is not yet covered here – where can I ask for help?

First of all be sure that your question is really not covered here and that you
haven't just been a bit too lazy to read through all of this text. ;-). Also
check out the documentation specific to the frontend (e.g. xine-ui or gxine or 
totem).

That said – you are welcome to mail to our user mailing list: <
xine-user@lists.sourceforge.net> Please provide some info about your setup so
people have a chance to help you, e.g. include information about your audio/
video hardware and drivers you use, operating system, cpu type and some console
output/any error messages. Also include command line parameters you have
specified and information about the type of stream you're trying to play back.
Also very important is the version of xine you're using and information about
any additional plugins you may have installed on your system.

How do I pronounce "xine"?

As long as people know what you are talking about, you are free to pronounce it
the way you like, but the official pronounciation is [ksi:n], like the name
"Maxine" with the "Ma" removed.

What are those xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine, … Mercurial repositories for?

Some time ago xine just became too complex to be just one big program.
Therefore it was split into two major parts.

xine-lib is simply speaking the engine of xine. It contains all basic plugins
and is necessary to run anything that relies on xine. (This is the part that is
covered in this FAQ.)

Then there are frontends – applications that use xine. The most common frontend
is that of a media player. There are currently three frontends being developed
in the xine project: xine-ui, a skinned dvd-player style frontend directly
based on xlib; gxine, a desktop media-player style frontend using the standard
GTK widget set; and xine-plugin, a plugin for browsers such as Firefox.
External projects like kaffeine, sinek and totem develop additional frontends.
In the future you will likely see more and different types of applications
being developed which will use the xine engine for video processing and other
multimedia purposes.

If you simply want a media/dvd player, you'll need to install xine-lib first
and then choose and install a player frontend like xine-ui or gxine.

Other repositories include xine-project-www, which contains the xine project
website sources, and various packaging and development branches.

Where and how do I get the latest development version?

Be advised that end-users should stick to the official xine releases. The
Mercurial repositories are only intended for developers and for others who know
why they use it.

The repositories are listed at http://hg.debian.org/hg/; however, this is a
list of all repositories which are kept there, not just the xine project's
(which are the ones which begin with xine-lib/). To check one out:

   hg clone http://hg.debian.org/hg/repository local_copy

e.g.

   hg clone http://hg.debian.org/hg/xine-lib/xine-lib xine-lib

You can see a full list of repositories by visiting http://hg.debian.org/hg/
xine-lib/.

Don't you use CVS?

We used to, but there are some significant problems with CVS. Merging is easier
with Mercurial (and, for that matter, git); and we can commit changes locally,
change them if mistakes have been made, then make them public whenever we're
ready.

How do I submit patches?

See the xine Hackers' Guide, chapter 3, "How to contribute". (This is available
online at http://www.xine-project.org/hackersguide#contribute.)

Where can I find pre-compiled binaries, e.g. RPMs?

The xine project does not provide pre-compiled binaries for legal reasons (some
parts of xine may be covered by patents in some countries). Some OS projects/
vendors (e.g. Debian, FreeBSD, …) offer binaries for their distributions –
please contact them or use their package search tools for further info. You can
also find links to third parties providing xine RPMs on the xine homepage at
http://www.xine-project.org/releases.

See the next section of this FAQ for instructions on how to build xine from
source.

Building and installing xine from source

What do I need to compile everything properly?

First of all an official and stable release of gcc. Also be aware that patched
gcc versions may break parts of xine and are therefore not supported by the
xine project.

Furthermore you'll have to use GNU make to compile xine. On most GNU/Linux
systems "make" is GNU make – on other platforms use "gmake" instead. Also, zlib
is required (including the appropriate header files, which are often found in a
package called zlib-devel or similar.)

If you want to compile xine from Mercurial, you'll need to have the autobuild
tools installed (automake, autoconf and libtool – in recent versions).

Frontends might need additional libraries, e.g. for gxine you'll need to have
GTK2 installed. Make sure you have not only the shared libraries themselves but
also the header files (often packaged seperately as so-called -dev packages) on
your system.

Some plugins that come with the xine engine need additional libraries
(otherwise they will not be built). For example, libogg and libvorbis (plus
their include files) are needed for ogg/vorbis support. Most notably, if you
want to see any video on your X11 desktop (and that's what you're here for,
isn't it?), you need the X developer packages as well.

Don't worry about this too much right now, xine's configure (see below) will
check for all the stuff needed and will tell you what's missing (which means
that you should check the output it produces carefully ;) ).

How do I compile xine?

Simple build instructions for beginners

Download the latest xine-lib and gxine/xine-ui tarballs, then follow these
instruction. To unpack a tarball, use:

   tar xfvz tarballname.tar.gz

The following instructions will install xine in /usr/local where it will be
visible for all users. You need root privileges to do this on most systems.

After unpacking xine-lib, issue:

   ./configure
   make install

Make sure your /etc/ld.so.conf contains /usr/local/lib and continue with:

   ldconfig

Now unpack your frontend (gxine or xine-ui or …), then:

   ./configure
   make install

Complete build instructions

The build process is the same for all of the xine modules.

You have to start with xine-lib. If built and installed successfully, you can
continue with the frontend(s).

If you have installed xine-lib to a non-standard prefix, make sure that you
have $prefix/bin in your PATH and that your linker finds libs in $prefix/lib –
otherwise trying to build modules that rely on xine-lib will fail with
configure complaining about not finding certain parts of libxine. Using bash
you can do something like:

   export PATH="$prefix/bin:$PATH"
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$prefix/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

to make sure libxine can be found by the frontend(s).

Last but not least. Here the build instructions. As stated earlier, those are
the same for every xine module.

   ./autogen.sh [→ only if you're building from hg]
   ./configure
   make
   make install

Making your own RPM packages (xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine)

Basically you will only have to issue one command, if you have just downloaded
a source tarball from our web site:

   rpmbuild -ta <THE_NAME_OF_YOUR_SOURCE_TAR_BALL>

(Older versions of RPM use rpm instead of rpmbuild.)

This will start the binary and source RPM building. After compiling is
finished, a binary rpm is placed in your rpm binary directory which is
something like /usr/src/RPM/RPMS/<YOUR_ARCHITECTURE> and a source RPM is
written to your rpm source dir (e.g. /usr/src/RPM/SRPMS).

In case that you have an up-to-date hg repository, you will need to do the
following first in order to get a tarball release out of it which you can later
use with the rpmbuild -ta command above:

   ./autogen.sh && make clean && make dist

In any case, please keep in mind that you have to build and install xine-lib
first before you can proceed with xine-ui.

Making your own .deb packages (xine-lib, xine-ui, gxine)

You'll need an HG snapshot tarball or source checked out from the repository.

First, make sure that the "devscripts" and "build-essential" packages are
installed. You'll then need the following commands (the first one isn't needed
unless you're using a snapshot tarball):

   tar xzf <PACKAGE-VER.tar.gz>
   cd <PACKAGE-VER>
   ./autogen.sh noconfig
   debuild binary


(If debuild complains about unmet dependencies, then install them using 
aptitude install <PACKAGES> (as root) then re-run debuild binary.

Once the build has been successfully completed, you'll have some new .debs.

   cd ..
   ls *.deb
   su - -c 'cd '"`pwd`"' && dpkg -i <DEB_PACKAGES>'


Ubuntu users will probably want to use this instead of that su:

   sudo dpkg -i <DEB_PACKAGES>


In any case, please keep in mind that you have to build and install xine-lib
first before you can proceed with xine-ui or gxine.

Can I provide additional CFLAGS for compilation?

Yes, you can do so by setting the CFLAGS variable and then running configure
again. You can even pass them to configure directly. Example:

   ./configure CFLAGS="-march=i686"

Other user variables configure respects are:

  ● CC to specify the compiler executable

  ● CPP to specify the C preprocessor executable

  ● LD to specify the linker executable

  ● CPPFLAGS to pass additional include paths or other preprocessor options

  ● LDFLAGS to pass additional library paths or other linker options

An example combining some of these would look like:

   ./configure CC="/opt/intel/bin/icc" LD="/opt/intel/bin/xild" \
   CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/dvdnav" LDFLAGS="-L/home/guenter/xine_libs"

Are there binaries for my AMD K7 (Athlon™) available? Can I build them?

If you have a recent gcc you can try to compile "more" k7 support in (esp.
better instruction scheduling). If the configure script should fail to detect
your processor/gcc correctly, try passing the canonical system name for your
machine to configure with the --host option, e.g.

   ./configure --host=k7-pc-linux-gnu

Build problems: xine engine (xine-lib)

The package doesn't compile at all!

In order to be able to compile xine-lib, you need (amongst other things) the
zlib compression library plus the appropriate headers, which are often found in
a package called zlib-devel or similar.

Read again carefully the output ./configure produced and/or compiler warnings
and error reports, they often contain helpful information to find out what's
going on. If you're stuck here and decide to post your problem on the xine-user
mailing list, make sure you include these outputs.

The Xv video-out plugin fails to compile!

If you want to have Xv support compiled in, make sure you either have a shared
Xv library on your system, e.g. ls /usr/X11R6/lib/libXv* should give you some
.so libs, like this:

   /usr/X11R6/lib/libXv.a
   /usr/X11R6/lib/libXv.so
   /usr/X11R6/lib/libXv.so.1

Alternatively you need to have libtool 1.4 or newer installed, then libXv.a is
sufficient. Otherwise you can create the shared versions yourself:

   ld --whole-archive -shared -o libXv.so.1 libXv.a
   ln -s libXv.so.1 libXv.so
   ldconfig

Now you should be ready to build the Xv video-out plugin on your system.

Build problems in frontends (gxine/xine-ui/…)

I have installed xine-lib but the frontend complains about not finding it!

First of all take a closer look at the compilation instructions above again.
You will probably find your answer there right away.

As stated there (there again that hint *grin*), make sure that you have $prefix
/bin in your path and that your linker is able to find libraries installed in
$prefix/lib By the way, $prefix is where you installed your xine-lib to earlier
(yes, installing xine-lib with make install or installing the corresponding
distribution-provided -dev or -devel package would be a good idea before trying
to compile the frontend ;) ).

Can I install xine in my home directory (without being root)?

Sure. First set up a subdir where you install your private software, eg.

   mkdir ~/xine

Then you have to set a few environment variables – it's probably a good idea to
add this to your ~/.bashrc (or somewhere similar):

   export PATH="$HOME/xine/bin:$PATH"
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/xine/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

Now you can unpack tarballs e.g. in ~/xine/src (mkdir ~/xine/src if necessary)
and do a

   ./configure --prefix=$HOME/xine
   make install

You also need to tell frontends using xine-lib, where to find it:

   ./configure --prefix=$HOME/xine --with-xine-prefix=$HOME/xine

How to compile xine for Windows?

For compiling xine under Windows with MinGW, CygWin or MS Visual C see
README.WIN32.

For cross-compiling xine under comfortable unix-like environment with MinGW see
README.MINGWCROSS.

Playback of various stream types

DVD Playback with xine

How do I play back DVDs with xine?

Newer xine (1.0.x) releases come with a full-featured DVD plugin that should be
able to handle any unencrypted, non-locked DVD with full menu navigation
support. No external plugins are required anymore here.

To get DVD playback working, first make sure you have a symlink /dev/dvd
pointing to your DVD device on your system. For example, if your DVD drive is
the master ide drive on the second IDE channel, /dev/dvd should point to /dev/
hdc. Please note that if you are using the ide-scsi emulation on your system,
it is likely that your DVD drive got mapped to a scsi device node even though
it is an ide drive. In that case first check out you boot/kernel logs (or run 
cdrecord -scanbus) to find out which device it got mapped to and set the
symlink accordingly (should be something like /dev/scd0, /dev/scd1, … in that
case). Also make sure you (as a user) have sufficient (read and write)
permissions on your DVD drive. This could mean you either have to change the
device permissions or add your user to a special group (e.g. addgroup cdrom
username), depending on your setup and/or distribution.

It is highly recommended to switch DMA mode on for your DVD drive (without it
even very recent machines will have trouble producing smooth video output). Use
a command like hdparm -d 1 <device> on your DVD device. Please note that even
if you're using ide-scsi you will have to set the dma flag on the ide device
node (e.g. /dev/hdc), not the mapped /dev/scd scsi device.

To be able to play back encrypted DVDs you need to have libdvdcss installed on
your system (please check if this is legal where you live). If you do not
understand what the term "encrypted DVD" means here: As a rule of thumb, every
DVD you have to pay money for is most likely encrypted.

To make matters worse, apart from encryption, there is another obstacle to
take: the region code. The DVD authorities decided to divide the world into
eight geographical regions. Have a look at http://www.dvdforum.gr.jp/
RegionMap.pdf if you want to know which number has been assigned to your
country. It is now their idea, that you shall only play DVDs, which have been
produced for your region. If you take a DVD off the shelf in your local store,
you should find a little globe-like icon which shows the region code the disc
is for.

Newer (post-2000) DVD drives (so-called RPC-2 drives) check the DVD region,
which means they'll prevent you from playing back DVDs that have a different
region code from what the drive is set up for. Some drives come with a factory
setting of region 0 so they can play back any DVD until a region code is set.
Others refuse to play any DVD at all until they are told a region. The easiest
way to handle this is to use the regionset utility from http://sourceforge.net/
project/showfiles.php?group_id=31346&release_id=168415 .

Once you have everything set up, try something like gxine dvd:/ or xine -p dvd:
/ to start dvd playback. Some frontend also offer so-called autoplay buttons or
menu entries that start dvd playback immediately.

Important: do not try to mount the DVD. Just insert it and hit the DVD autoplay
button or start xine from the command line.

If things do not work as expected, try running the xine-check shellscript that
comes with xine to see if this gives you further hints on what could be wrong.

DVD playback works, but it takes a long time until playback starts

This points to a region code problem. Some versions of libdvdcss can play back
DVDs from other regions than the RPC-2 DVD drive is set up for, but this
usually means a cryptographic attack (which takes time) has to be used to
access the DVD.

You can download a tool to set the region code of RPC-Drives here: http://
sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31346&release_id=168415 .

Warning: Please be aware that the number of region code changes in RPC-2 drives
is limited (usually about 5 times), after that your drive will stay locked to
the region you last set it up for.

I have problems setting up my RPC-2 drive for the right region!

You can download a tool to set the region code of RPC-Drives here: http://
sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=31346&release_id=168415 .

Warning: Please be aware that the number of region code changes in RPC-2 drives
is limited (usually about 5 times), after that your drive will stay locked to
the region you last set it up for.

Can I watch Video CDs (VCDs)? SVCDS ? CD-i?

xine supports VCD and SVCD playback out-of-the box. Similar to DVDs, make sure
you have a /dev/cdrom alias pointing to your CDROM drive which you will use to
play back the (S)VCD.

At the moment, CD-i formats are not supported by xine.

Do not try to mount the (S)VCD. Simply insert it into your CDROM drive and hit
the VCD autoplay button or start something like gxine vcd:/ or xine vcd:/ from
the command line.

VideoCD troubleshooting guide

This gives higher-level troubleshooting. More lower-level information is given
in the next section.

  ● When you open the configuration dialog of your frontend, you should see a
    vcd config section. An important setting is default_device. If this is set
    to the empty string, the VCD plugin will try to scan your drives for a
    suitable device if the driver has the capability to scan for drives.
    However you can set the device to something of your choosing. On GNU/Linux,
    this may be /dev/cdrom and on Solaris it may be /vol/dev/aliases/cdrom0.

    If you set this field, make sure these are correct for your particular
    setup. For example, I generally play out of the DVD device and this is
    called /dev/dvd rather than /dev/cdrom.

  ● Your frontend should offer a VCD autoscan button or menu item. If you
    select this, you should see your CD disk light go on if you have one. And
    the CD should be read. You should get a playlist of what's on the VideoCD.

    If not something's wrong, possibly you configured the wrong drive. You
    might try to read a disk image of a VideoCD and thus elimate any problems
    with hardware. You can get a test VideoCD disk image to test here: http://
    www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/examples/test_svcd/test_svcd_pal.zip .
    After unzipping this there should be files test_svcd_pal.cue and
    test_svcd_pal.bin. Run xine with the MRL vcd:/test_svcd_pal.cue:E0. If you
    see something playing then this is a hardware problem. You might also want
    to try starting playback-control with vcd:/test_svcd_pal.cue:P1.

  ● There should be at least one "track", and one "entry" listed for the
    VideoCD and the names of these in the MRL list will end with "T1" and "E0"
    respectively. Often there are other playlist items, and if you have menus
    or still frames there will be "segments" as well. The simplest things to
    check are probably "entries" and "tracks". If there are no entries listed
    or none of the tracks or entries play, then there may be a problem with
    that particular medium. So as in the step above, you can try a known good
    sample and perhaps burn a CD from that. More likely if you get this far,
    some of the items listed work and some do not. There are a number of
    debugging switches that you can dynamically turn on and off that may be
    able to help in isolating more specific problems. See the section below.

  ● Something plays now, but you do not get any menus? Well, first is there
    supposed to be a menu? In the last step you should have seen what is on the
    VideoCD. Still frames are always "segments" so see if you can find one in
    the MRL list and select that.

    If there are no segments listed, there aren't any still-frame menus. It's
    also possible to have menus in looping MPEG's. Use the vcddump tool to find
    loops. vcddump is also part of VCDImager. Another program that can help you
    examine the contents of a VideoCD is vcdxrip.

    To troubleshoot, start out with the known SVCD example that has a
    still-frame menu at the beginning: http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/
    examples/test_svcd/test_svcd_pal.zip Inside this is a largish file called
    test_svcd_pal.bin and another short text file called test_svcd_ntsc.cue.
    These are CD disk images; that is, something that could be burned to a CD
    drive such as with cdrdao. However you don't have to create a CD to view
    these with the xine VCD plugin. You should be able to play the VideoCD by
    running the MRL vcd:/test_svcd_pal.cue. If you see a still frame on
    startup. Great! If instead you see what looks like the beginning of a movie
    (Blue Streak with Martin Lawrence) then go to the next step.

  ● You have a VideoCD with menu and can see it, but there is no menu on
    startup? If you have the VideoCD from the last step, then run the MRL vcd:/
    test_svcd_pal.cue:P1 If this shows a still frame, but it just does not show
    when you hit either the "VCD" autoscan button or give a MRL without the P1
    at the end then go to the next step.

    If you have another VideoCD, from the MRL list, you should also see
    "playlist" entries. Try selecting the one that ends "P1". If you don't see
    an entry with P1, then your VideoCD does not have playback control (PBC)
    and although there may be a still frame on the VideoCD it may have been
    authored so it is not easily accessed. Again vcddump or vcdxrip can help
    here.

  ● You have a VideoCD with menu at beginning and can see it using an MRL with
    P1 at the end, but you want to see it by hitting the "VCD" autoscan button
    as well? Check to see that you have the configuration entry
    media.vcd.autoplay set to playlist.

VideoCD debugging

To facilitate tracking down problems we let you see what's going on
dynamically. Various debugging settings will cause output to appear on xine's
plugin log and/or on standard error output. See the config entry
media.vcd.debug for details.

The tool vcd-info from the cdio branch of vcdimager can be used to show the
entire contents of a VideoCD or selected portions of that. Until the cdio
branch of vcdimager is completely merged with vcdimager, the cd-info branch
version has a few more features. (However consult vcdimager for complete
version of the program.)

vcdxrip can be used to extract portions of a VideoCD and or create an XML
description file of the VideoCD. This XML file and the extracted files can be
used by vcdxbuild to recreate another VideoCD.

And finally see also tools cd-info and cd-read from libcdio.

Can I watch Quicktime (.mov, .mp4) files using xine?

Quicktime is just a system layer (container format) which can contain various
different audio and video formats. The system layer itself is fully supported
in xine. However, some quicktime audio/video codecs are not natively supported
yet. Luckily, if you are using a x86 compatible machine (any recent PC hardware
should do) you can install and use the original Quicktime DLLs and watch most
streams (trailers) that can be downloaded from the net.

Possibly the most convenient way to get the Quicktime DLLs is to download them
from the MPlayer website http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html . The
package is called "essential". Unpack it and move everything you find inside to
/usr/lib/codecs (actually you can place them anywhere you want, e.g. someplace
in your home directory, but then you'll have to set
decoder.external.win32_codecs_path in your xine config file accordingly).
Restart xine then and you should be able to watch Quicktime trailers.

Real Network files/streams

Can I watch Real (.rm, .ram) files using xine?

The situation with real files and streams is pretty similar to the situation
with Quicktime Streams (see above). The newer real audio and video formats are
only supported by using binary-only codecs which are not included in xine.

Possibly the most convenient way to get the Real codecs is to install
RealPlayer 9 or RealPlayer 10 and set the decoder.external.real_codecs_path in
your xine config file to the name of the directory which contains the codecs
(look for drvc.so); it's probably something like /opt/real/RealPlayer/codecs/.
Restart xine then and you should be able to watch Real files/streams.

Another way to get the Real codecs is to download them from the MPlayer website
http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html . The package is called "essential".
Unpack it and move everything you find inside to /usr/lib/codecs and set the
decoder.external.real_codecs_path in your xine config file to /usr/lib/codecs
(actually you can place them anywhere you want, e.g. someplace in your home
directory, but then you'll have to set decoder.external.real_codecs_path
accordingly). Restart xine then and you should be able to watch Real files/
streams.

What about (live) network streams (pnm://, rtsp:// style urls)?

xine supports both pnm and rtsp streaming. However, digging out the actual pnm/
rtsp url can be tricky as they're often packed into heavy JavaScript and HTML
code on most websites. You can either use a combination of your browser's "save
source" function and wget or use a xine browser plugin (currently the gxine
frontend comes with a simple mozilla plugin, for example). When you decided to
dig out the url by hand don't get fooled by the many redirectors that are often
placed around the actual url. Use wget to download any http://-style urls and
use less to look inside the downloaded .ra/.ram files where you will find the
actual pnm/rtsp url which can be opened using xine.

Can I watch Windows Media (.asf/.wmv/.wma) files using xine?

While the container format (system layer) ASF (wmv is just an alias) is fully
supported in xine, for newer windows media 9 based streams you'll need to
install windows binary codecs (.DLLs).

Possibly the most convenient way to get the Windows DLLs is to download them
from the MPlayer website http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html . The
package is called "essential". Unpack it and move everything you find inside to
/usr/lib/codecs (actually you can place them anywhere you want, e.g. someplace
in your home directory, but then you'll have to set
decoder.external.win32_codecs_path in your xine config file accordingly).
Restart xine then and you should be able to watch windows media streams.

Can I watch Digital TV (Digital Video Broadcast) using xine?

At the time of this writing DVB support is a very new and experimental feature
in xine. The number of supported cards is pretty limited at the moment. See doc
/README.dvb (in the xine-lib tarball) for details.

How do I play streams from STDIN?

Use something like:

   cat stream.mpg | gxine stdin:/

How can I watch files with external AVI subtitles?

In xine 0.9.13 this used to be:

   xine foo.avi%bar.sub

Latest xine-lib modules (1-beta3 or newer) support external subtitles for any
media file, not only AVI. In order to use it you can pass a special MRL
construction like:

   xine file://path/to/test.mpg#subtitle:/path/to/file.sub

The external subtitles support can also be used by any xine frontend. Currently
xine-ui and kaffeine implement this feature with a subtitle selection dialog.

Running xine

I have a lot of dropped frames – what can I do?

Your hardware might be too slow for xine. Make sure you turn on all speed
optimizing options. A few things you should check (in order of importance):

  ● First of all, run the xine-check script included in xine package (probably
    already installed in your system). xine-check will report several of the
    most common problems listed here. Sample output from xine-check:

       xine-check
       Please be patient, this script may take a while to run...
       [ good ] you're using Linux, doing specific tests
       [ good ] looks like you have a /proc filesystem mounted.
       [ good ] You seem to have a reasonable kernel version (2.4.18)
       [ good ] intel compatible processor, checking MTRR support
       [ good ] you have MTRR support and there are some ranges set.
       [ good ] found the player at /usr/local/bin/xine
       [ good ] /usr/local/bin/xine is in your PATH
       [ good ] found /usr/local/bin/xine-config in your PATH
       [ good ] plugin directory /usr/local/lib/xine/plugins exists.
       [ good ] found input plugins
       [ good ] found demux plugins
       [ good ] found decoder plugins
       [ good ] found video_out plugins
       [ good ] found audio_out plugins
       [ good ] skin directory /usr/local/share/xine/skins exists.
       [ good ] found logo in /usr/local/share/xine/skins
       [ good ] I even found some skins.
       [ good ] /dev/cdrom points to /dev/hdc
       [ good ] /dev/dvd points to /dev/hdc
       [ good ] DMA is enabled for your DVD drive
       [ good ] found xvinfo: X-Video Extension version 2.2
       [ good ] your Xv extension supports YUV overlays (improves MPEG performance)
       [ good ] your Xv extension supports packed YUV overlays
       [ good ] Xv ports:  YUY2 YV12 I420 UYVY

  ● Try to use the Xv driver, it greatly improves performance and quality
    because your graphics card does image scaling and colourspace conversion.
    The video section contains important information about several Xv drivers.

    If Xv cannot be used for some reason, make sure your display is set up to
    16bpp, not 24 or higher (reduces memory bandwith). Some Xv drivers may also
    have better performance with 16bpp.

  ● Make sure the hard drive (or cdrom/dvd drive) which supplies the video data
    is in DMA mode (if supported).

    On most linux-based systems, you can use hdparm to check this:

       hdparm /dev/hda
       [...]
       using_dma    =  1 (on)
       [...]

    You can enable DMA mode with the following command:

       hdparm -d1 device_of_your_drive_that_supplies_video_data

    In some cases where this fails it helps to specify the dma mode to use, for
    example:

       hdparm -d1 -X 66 device_of_your_drive_that_supplies_video_data

    In RedHat 8.0 an additional entry in /etc/modules.conf

       options ide-cd dma=1

    should help (reboot for this change to take effect).

    More information about this may be found here: http://oreilly.linux.com/pub
    /a/linux/2000/06/29/hdparm.html .

  ● Use a recent kernel which is optimized for your hardware. Old kernels may
    lack support for accelerated instructions like SSE, for example.

  ● Close other applications (use a tool like "top" to find out what
    applications are using up CPU power). Programs that update the system clock
    like ntp should also be disabled.

  ● Enable MTRR support in your kernel. If you are still using XFree 3.x,
    you'll have to tell the kernel yourself where the graphics memory is.
    You'll find details about that in the linux dvd howto.

    If you're using X.org or XFree 4.x, enabling MTRR support in your kernel
    should be enough (use a recent kernel!).

    Try a cat /proc/mtrr – if the file exists and you find an entry
    corresponding to the amount of graphics memory you have, everything should
    be fine.

  ● Have your X-server (usually X.org or XFree86) running with higher priority.
    Most recent linux distributions (like RedHat 8.0 or Mandrake 9.0) should do
    that for you, improving not only xine but desktop responsiveness in
    general.

    Use the "top" utility and verify under the "NI" column if the X process has
    a negative value, this indicates a higher priority. See "The X Window User
    HOWTO – Performance considerations" for further instructions http://
    www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO/performance.html .

  ● Use the latest or a known-good gcc version and build an optimized xine-lib
    for your architecture.

  ● Besides boosting X-server priority, sometimes it's possible to avoid
    discarding frames by making xine itself higher priority. This is not a
    recommended pratice since it will require to run xine as root, but you may
    give it a try if you want:

       nice --5 xine

  ● xine needs high speed memory access which depends on your chip set. Make
    sure you enable all speed-improving options.

    Especially the via apollo pro chipset is known to be quite weird, (most of
    all on my gigabyte board). If you can't configure the ram access thoroughly
    using the bios you might want to try some really nasty tricks, as explained
    on (for example): http://www.overclockers.com/tips105/index03.asp

    This website centers around a windows-tool to tweak the chipset, you can do
    the same on FreeBSD with pciconf. On some linux distributions there are
    similar tools.

  ● a nice performance tuning tool can be found here: http://
    powertweak.sourceforge.net

  ● Set up and use raw devices for DVD access. Please note that the actual
    performance gain during playback is very small if any, but since raw
    devices are bypassing the kernel's buffer cache, Linux will not try to
    cache the DVDs you play. This would not be useful, because xine does its
    own caching and you usually play DVDs sequentially, which means you won't
    reuse anything from the cache. But the problem would be that Linux throws
    everything out of the cache that might be in there.

    Raw devices should be available in linux kernel 2.4.x and there are patches
    for older kernels available from: ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/
    people/sct/raw-io/

    For recent kernels (2.6.x series) the raw devices are neither needed nor
    supported anymore, so don't bother.

    To use raw devices, first connect a free raw device to your dvd device, use
    something like:

       raw /dev/raw1 /dev/dvd

    Then create a link named "rdvd" pointing to that raw device:

       ln -s raw1 /dev/rdvd

  ● For slow / high-latency dvd drives it might help to increase the number of
    video buffers xine allocates. Try setting
    engine.buffers.video_num_buffers:500 to a higher value (e.g. 1000 or 2500).

Oki, xine doesn't drop frames now but video output still is not really smooth!

Video output can be further improved by tuning your linux kernel:

  ● Set HZ to 1000 in /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386/param.h

  ● Try applying scheduler patches, especially the O(1) and the preemptive
    patches have proven useful at the time of this writing (spring 2003).

Linux 2.5/2.6 will probably have these improvements out of the box.

Miguel Freitas has written a nice article about his kernel multimedia
experiments .

I have problems when using xine on FreeBSD, Solaris, … !

Check out the the corresponding README files in the directory xine-lib/doc.

What is aalib? How do I use it in xine?

aalib is an ascii art library. xine comes with an aalib video output plugin so
you can watch movies in your xterm, on the console or on your old vt100 – very
cool ;> … another nice option is to preview movies on a remote server in your
shell over ssh.

To use it make sure you have aalib installed correctly before you configure/
build xine-lib and xine-ui. In addition to the xine binary a binary named 
aaxine should get built and installed. You can then use something like:

   aaxine foo.mpg

to use aalib video output.

Does xine support my dxr3 / hollywood+ card?

While xine's focus is clearly on software decoding, the dxr3 is supported.

You can find more information about using xine with the dxr3 here (also covers
how to do tv output using the dxr3).

Audio related questions

What audio drivers does xine support? OSS? Alsa? Arts? Esd?

Currently xine support audio output via OSS (Linux 2.4 and most *BSD audio
drivers), ALSA 0.9 and 1.0 (ALSA 0.5.x is no longer supported), aRTs (KDE 3's
sound daemon), ESounD (esd, gnome's sound daemon not recommended because it has
serious issues with a/v sync), JACK, PulseAudio, plus platform-specific output
through Sun devices for Solaris and NetBSD and Irix output.

When I'm watching a movie, the sound effects are much higher in volume than the
voices!

Congratulations, you seem to have an original movie audio track there.

Uhm. So you don't like it. Well, there are two things you can do:

  ● You can enable xine's audio compressor. Most frontends have a settings
    window and in that you'll find a slider for the compressor setting. The
    values are percent values, so a slider setting of 200 means that xine will
    double the volume of silent parts of the movie (loud parts stay the same).

    If your frontend does not have such a compression slider, you can pass the
    value with the MRL:

       xine dvd:/#compression:150

  ● If you have a dolby digital (AC3) soundtrack, you can try to enable
    liba52's dynamic range compression setting audio.a52.dynamic_range:1 in
    your xine config file (or use some gui config dialog).

When I play this stream, xine shows video but there's no audio!

If this happens with any video, first try a different audio driver (gxine -A
oss, gxine -A arts, xine -A alsa …).

If this problem only occurs with one specific stream, maybe switching to a
different audio channel (using the gui) helps. Some DVD streams have audio on
strange channels.

If all this doesn't help, maybe you're missing an audio codec or you found a
bug. If you decide to post your problem on the xine-user mailing list, make
sure to include all console output xine produced and also clearly state what
type of stream you tried to play back or, even better, make a test stream
available somewhere for developers to download and try.

Can xine produce 4-/5-channel surround audio output?

Yep, it can do that using OSS or ALSA drivers, provided that the driver
supports it. However, since xine cannot detect if there are actually speakers
connected to the additional channels, you'll have to activate that feature
manually.

You can do this either in the config dialog while xine is running (press the
config button on the xine panel and go to the AUDIO tab) or have it the
complicated way by editing the config file yourself which is located in your
home directory in .config/gxine or .xine:

   audio.output.speaker_arrangement:Surround 4.0
   audio.output.speaker_arrangement:Surround 4.1
   audio.output.speaker_arrangement:Surround 5.1

What about ac3 output via spdif to an external ac3 decoder?

xine can do that too. Pretty much the same story as for 4-/5-channel surround
(see above). You can either use the config dialog or edit the config file (~
/.xine/config or ~/.config/gxine/config) yourself:

   audio.output.speaker_arrangement:Pass Through

Getting SPDIF output from a SBLive 5.1 using OSS drivers

The following explains how to get the above configuration going with xine. Some
parts of it may applicable to other configurations (cards that use the EMU10k1
chip) as well.

Requirements

 1. xine-lib >= 1.x.x

 2. OSS driver

 3. an external decoder

 4. a cable to connect the SBLive to the external decoder

The configuration described was tested using a Soundblaster live 5.1 (rev 7)
with a Yamaha DSP-AX620 external decoder.

Retrieving the driver

The OSS driver is maintained by creative and can be downloaded at http://
opensource.creative.com/. The driver package contains documentation on how to
install it. Besides that I'd like to add the following notes.

In order to compile and install these drivers, you need a valid kernel
configuration file. For RedHat Linux's pre-compiled kernels these configuration
files can be found in /usr/src/linux/configs. After you've located the correct
config file for your kernel, you need to copy it to /usr/src/linux/.config For
example, when you run the 2.4.18-i686 kernel do :

   cp /usr/src/linux/configs/kernel-2.4.18-i686.config /usr/src/linux/.config

Make sure that the emu10k1 module that is currently installed is not loaded. To
unload the modules:

   /sbin/modprobe -rv emu10k1.o ac97_codec.o

If this mentions that the device is busy, some program is using the driver.
Some example could be a mixer application or sound daemon like artsd. You'll
need to close down the applications before continuing. At success it should
print something like:

   # delete emu10k1
   # delete ac97_codec
   # delete soundcore

Run make in the directory where you unpacked the driver and follow the
instructions printed at the end of each step. The last step should be:

   make install-tools

As the README of the driver package mentions the SPDIF AC3 output doesn't work
by default. In the directory utils/scripts an emu10k1.conf file can be found
which need to be placed in the default installation directory (/usr/local/etc).
After this the emu10k1.conf needs to be modified. The following settings worked
fine for me (I don't use the analog outputs of the card):

   CARD_IS_5_1=yes
   USE_DIGITAL_OUTPUT=yes
   ENABLE_TONE_CONTROL=yes
   AC3PASSTHROUGH=yes
   ENABLE_LIVEDRIVE_IR=no
   INVERT_REAR=no
   MULTICHANNEL=yes
   ROUTE_ALL_TO_SUB=no
   ANALOG_FRONT_BOOST=no
   SURROUND=no
   PROLOGIC=no
   ENABLE_CD_Spdif=yes
   ENABLE_OPTICAL_SPDIF=no
   ENABLE_LINE2_MIC2=no
   ENABLE_RCA_SPDIF=no
   ENABLE_RCA_AUX=no

After modifying the emu10k1.conf, you need to modify your /etc/modules.conf and
make sure the following lines are in there.

   alias sound-slot-0 emu10k1
   post-install emu10k1 /usr/local/etc/emu-script

After saving the changes to modules.conf, run

   /sbin/depmod -a

Now, you're ready to load the new modules and set the correct options for it.
To load the modules run:

   /sbin/modprobe emu10k1

Setting up xine for SPDIF (AC3 passthrough) output

You can either use the config dialog of your frontend or edit the config file
(~/.xine/config) yourself:

   audio.output.speaker_arrangement:Pass Through

In case the setting is not in the file you can add it.

The cable used for the SBLive can easily be self-made or buy a stereo 3.5mm
jack to dual RCA cable.

What you need to make the cable yourself:

  ● stereo 3.5mm jack plug

  ● RCA plug

  ● shielded cable (video coax 75 Ohm will do)

Connect them as follows :

   center pin jackplug ------|----- center pin RCA plug
                   GND     __|__    GND

In order to test it use a DVD with AC3 or DTS track start xine and select the
right audio track from user interface or start xine as:

   xine dvd:/1 -a 0

The external decoder should display something like "Dolby Digital" in case the
selected audio track contains AC3 data or "DTS" in case the selected audio
track contains DTS data. Of course stereo audio also goes through the SPDIF
output, so the analog outputs of the SBLive 5.1 are not needed anymore.

Changing the volume with the GUI control has no effect! What's up!?

Some xine drivers do not support volume changing although the GUI will show the
volume bar. Usually this is not xine's fault: aRts C API, for example, doesn't
offer any volume property to applications. Similarly, with ac3 pass through it
is not possible to set the volume.

Note that recently we added support to "simulate" volume in aRts by changing
sample values on-the-fly before delivering them to the driver. Not as good as
having access to sound card's mixer but at least users will not complain about
lacking of volume bar anymore! :)

Audio is stuttering and i see a lot of "metronom: fixing sound card drift by
-2115 pts" on the console output

Might be a soundcard problem, if it only comes in longer intervals. Your
soundcard does not keep it's sampling frequency accurately enough, which
results in audio and video getting out of sync and xine has to compensate. If
you see the message only from time to time, you might remedy it by using the
resampling sync method. You can do this by setting the configuration entry
audio.synchronization.av_sync_method to resample.

If you receive the metronom message more often, maybe switching to different
drivers (alsa to oss or vise-versa) can help here. It has also been reported
that setting the configuration entry audio.synchronization.force_rate to the
native sampling rate of your soundcard (try 44100 and 48000) helps sometimes.

Another, whole different possibility is that you have some background process
running which is messing with the clock (like some ntp client – chrony, ntpd,
…).

Occasional messages of "fixing sound card drift" may happen on start and when
playing a long stream (like a movie). This is normal behaviour, nothing to
worry about.

xine seems to lose sound arbitrarily during playback, especially with DVDs

You are using the OSS audio output plugin, right? In order to keep video and
audio in sync, xine regularly queries the audio driver for the amount of delay
induced by the current length of the driver's audio buffer. Unfortunately some
OSS drivers seem to be broken because the can return strange values here. This
confuses the xine audio subsystem and makes it drop audio.

You should try the various settings of the configuration entry
audio.oss_sync_method. The options getodelay and getoptr ask the driver and
might therefore show the problem. But chances are that only one is broken and
the other works, so you should try them both first, since they are the most
accurate. The option probebuffer does not ask the driver directly but tries to
determine the buffer length from outside. This should work with any driver and
is the way to go, of the driver dependent methods fail. softsync is the least
accurate and should be used only in emergency situations.

Video related questions

I can hear the audio – but I don't see a picture!

Probably your hardware is simply too slow – see above for some hints on how to
speed things up.

Another possibility is that you using a buggy Xv driver, see the next
questions.

I only see a blue (or green or black) video image most of the time.

You are either watching a very boring video (just kidding) or you are suffering
from a bug in the Xorg 6.7 implementation of X11.

The workaround is to add the line

   Option "XaaNoOffscreenPixmaps"

in the Device section of your X server configuration (usually /etc/X11/
xorg.conf or /etc/X11/XF86Config).

The image looks strange, it is shifted, cropped or shows weird lines!

This points to a problem with the Xv extension, which is used by xine to
display the video image. To verify this, try running xine with the XShm video
output plugin:

   xine -V XShm

If that works fine, you just proved, that the Xv extension is buggy. xine will
remember the last used video output plugin, so the setting will stay at XShm.
You could simply continue using this, but XShm is a lot slower than Xv, so read
on and see if you can get it working. Usually you should look for updated
versions of the X driver module that belongs to your graphics card.

Other possibilites are limitations in either your X driver module or your
graphics hardware. If your card could somehow be running out of ressources
(graphics RAM perhaps) and displays an incorrect Xv overlay because of that,
try reducing the display resolution and/or colour depth.

Consult the next question for more details on Xv.

How can I make xine use the Xv extension and what drivers do I need?

xine will normally use Xv by default if it is available. In some cases you
might need to choose Xv playback manually (when the ~/.xine/config file for
some reason says that you want to use XShm):

   xine -V Xv

If this doesn't work for you, it may be possible that Xv is not present on your
system.

First you need to install/use X.org or XFree 4.x. Once you got that you have to
make sure the X drivers you're using are supporting Xv on your hardware. Here
are some hints for individual gfx chips:

  ● 3Dfx: if all you get is a solid black window, upgrade to X.org or XFree
    4.1.0 or later.

  ● ATI: if you only get "half a picture", try lowering your resolution or bit
    depth, disable DRI (looks like you ran out of video RAM)

  ● Trident card: If you see vertical bands jumbled, upgrade to the latest
    xfree/experimental trident drivers (for the CyberBlade XP a driver exists
    here: http://www.xfree86.org/~alanh/ )

  ● nVidia: With newer GeForce cards, Xv should work with XFree 4.2.0 or newer,
    for older RivaTNT cards use the binary drivers from nvidia (of course the
    binary drivers work as well for GeForce cards)

  ● Mach64/Rage3D (not Rage128/Radeon) cards/chips get no XVideo with standard
    drivers, try GATOS drivers instead

  ● intel: i815 has Xv support in XFree 4.x, others unknown

  ● Permedia 2/3 has Xv support in XFree 4.x

  ● Savage: at least some older drivers tend to lock up the whole machine, try
    the drivers available from http://www.probo.com/timr/savage40.html .

  ● SIS: certain controllers (more info needed!) have Xv support in XFree 4.x

  ● Chips and Tech 6555x, 68554, 69000, 69030 have Xv support in XFree 4.x

  ● NeoMagic: certain controllers (more info needed!) have Xv support in Xfree
    4.x

  ● SiliconMotion: certain controllers (more info needed!) have Xv support in
    Xfree 4.x

  ● Matrox: G200 or newer (but not Parhelia) have Xv support in XFree 4.x. For
    Parhelia, use the binary only drivers available from matrox' website.

Some parts of my X Desktop get transparent when xine plays the video!

Looks like some colours on your GUI match the colour key which Xv uses. You can
change the colour key value to avoid this. There should be a line like:

   video.device.xv_colorkey:2110

in your ~/.xine/config file where you can change the colour that's used by xine
for the video overlay.

How do I get Xv working with compiz?

Tell xine to prefer textured video. There should be a line like:

   video.device.xv_preferred_method:Any

in your ~/.xine/config file where you can change the preferred method used by
xine for the video overlay.

It may be that your graphics card or driver doesn't have the necessary support
for textured video, or the video is rendered too slowly.

  ● ATI: you are likely to need xf86-video-ati later than 6.8.0; 6.9.0.91 or
    newer is recommended for slower/older hardware (< X1300) because the
    rendering speed has been improved a lot.

  ● Intel: 945 and later, at least, should be fine with xf86-video-intel 2.0 or
    later. Certainly with 2.2 or later.

  ● nVidia: will probably be fine. (FIXME)

If you find that textured video is significantly slower or isn't supported, you
should either not use compiz or tell xine to use the xshm video output driver.

The aspect ratio of the video is wrong!

Usually xine discovers the screen aspect ratio by querying the X-server and
then adjusts the video automatically to make it look right. However, if that
doesn't work try pressing "a" to manually change the aspect ratio.

If you have a wide screen monitor, make sure the X-server is correctly
configured. The X-server must know the physical size of the screen, which is
independent of the resolution being used.

For X.org, the screen size should be set in the "Monitor" section in the file /
etc/X11/xorg.conf, as in the example below:

   Section "Monitor"
      Identifier   "Monitor0"
      VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
      ModelName    "DDC Probed Monitor - ViewSonic G773-2"
      DisplaySize  320  240
      HorizSync    30.0 - 70.0
      VertRefresh  50.0 - 180.0
   EndSection

For XFree86, the filename is normally /etc/X11/XF86Config.

Where DisplaySize specifies, in millimeters, the physical size of the monitor's
picture area.

What is the difference between discarded and skipped frames?

Sometimes xine will output a message like that:

   200 frames delivered, XX frames skipped, YY frames discarded

The difference between these counters is a little subtle for the non developer.
There are two threads running in order to display video: the decoder thread
will deliver frames to the video output thread. The latter is responsible for
scheduling the frames to be displayed at the right time.

If your system can't keep up with decoding requirements, decoder will deliver
overdue frames. Imagine if it finished decoding the frame tagged for displaying
at 11:30 but xine clock marks 11:31. When this situation is detected, xine will
try to skip decoding a few frames to recover. Not every decoder may support
this feature.

When the frame is decoded to be shown somewhere in future but the output thread
doesn't get scheduled in time by the operating system to complete the
operation, the frame is discarded. One cause might be the disk access
operation, which may halt the system for a few miliseconds without DMA. See
performance section tips above.

Note that if a decoder can't skip frames for some reason, you would never see
frames skipped (they would be all discarded).

My xine is runing in black and white! / I only get a grey video output!

This frequently happens with new Xv drivers or when switching to a different
video card. Background is that different Xv drivers often use different ranges
for the contrast/brightness/saturation settings.

To fix this, try opening the xine settings window and try adjusting the sliders
for contrast, brightness and saturation.

Please note that some frontends save these settings in their config file so
when you have found a working combination, make sure you exit xine cleanly so
the values are saved.

Which is the best video driver to use?

xine supports several video drivers for outputing the image. These will differ
on how the frames are copied to the video card memory, whether colourspace
conversion and scaling is done in software or hardware, among other things.
They may also differ on ease of use and stability.

Most of the time, Xv should give the users a good trade-off between quality,
compatibility and ease of use. This is why xine tries to use Xv by default.

However some users may want to explore better the available hardware
capabilities (eg. syncing frame drawing with monitor refresh). Also some Xv
drivers contain slow copies and accessing the video card directly may yield
performance gains.

Drivers that access hardware directly includes VIDIX (warning: requires root
priviledges or kernel helper). User may try one of those, but should be warned
that with root access they can cause the system to crash hard. The support is
also limited to a couple of graphics cards only.

Graphic workstations like SGI have usually a good support for OpenGL. In that
case, using OpenGL may be a better choice than XShm. However for most desktop
systems the performance of OpenGL will be quite bad.

OSD and overlay related questions

What is this "unscaled" OSD about?

Since version 1-rc3 of xine-lib supports a new method for rendering OSD (On
Screen Display) and subtitles. This method uses a X11 extension called XShape
that allows using screen resolution instead of stream resolution. It is called
"unscaled" OSD because it does not scales with the video being played.

Suppose you are watching a 320x200 video in full screen. Normal OSD would be
blended at 320x200 and then scaled to full screen (lets say, 1024x768),
resulting in big and ugly fonts. The unscaled overlay is drawn directly to
screen, creating a sharper and better looking OSD.

There are side effects too. Sometimes the unscaled overlay show some glitch
just before disappearing. Some people may be annoyed enough by that and might
want to disable the usage of unscaled overlay altogether.

Unscaled OSD usage by subtitles and xine-ui is controlled by the following
settings (~/.xine/config or ~/.config/gxine/config):

   gui.osd_use_unscaled:0

   subtitles.separate.use_unscaled_osd:0

I can't see the OSD or it leaves a black box over the image!

If you are using xine-lib version 1-rc3 or newer, this is probably due buggy XV
drivers that do not support unscaled OSD (the XShape extension) properly.

There have being reports of some ATI drivers that don't allow displaying
anything over the video. The VIA Epia binary drivers is reported to leave a
black box where the OSD was displayed.

The problem may be fixed by either updating the video driver, or disabling xine
unscaled OSD support.

Why colours of overlays/subtitles seem to be "leaking"?

xine blends most overlays, specially the ones from DVD discs, directly over the
image (scaled OSD). Unfortunately most codecs (like MPEG2) use a subsampled
image format (YV12) that makes properly blending an interesting challenge.

In short, this is a known xine bug. There have being discussions on improving
the blending quality but, so far, nobody implemented a better (scaled) overlay
renderer. Contact developers if you want to try doing something about it.

Why external subtitles look so ugly?

You are probably using a xine-lib version older than 1-rc3. Try upgrading your
copy and read the section about unscaled osd.

Why subtitles can't be displayed outside the video?

It is possible, but older xine versions may not support it. There are two
alternatives for rendering the subtitles outside the video image:

  ● Use the "expand" post plugin to increase frame height adding black bars to
    it. This will allow blending the subtitles over the black bars, since they
    will be part of the video now.

  ● Use unscaled OSD, as it does not requires any video to render the subtitles
    on.

Also notice that DVD overlays (including subtitles) are meant to be displayed
in a fixed position, this is how the DVD menu highlighting works. xine does not
support moving them.

What kinds of subtitle fonts does xine use?

xine can use two kinds of fonts:

  ● TTF fonts

    If xine is compiled with freetype library xine recognizes and uses TTF
    fonts directly.

  ● xine fonts

    This is xine's native format. It's better because the font generator
    utility implements more features than the "on the fly" TTF renderer.

The font for text subtitles is selected via config option
subtitles.separate.font. You can specify xine font name (sans, serif, …) or
file name of the TTF font. The directories $prefix/share/xine/libxine1/fonts
and ~/.xine/fonts are searched for the fonts, with $prefix being the place
xine-lib was installed to. Usually this is /usr/local or /usr. TTF fonts are
also searched for in the current directory.

How to create own xine subtitle fonts?

xine's native subtitle fonts can be generated from TTF fonts with the utility 
xine-fontconv. It isn't compiled and installed by default but you can make it
manually. You'll need freetype and zlib packages together with their versions
for development plus a compiler, of course ;) Here's how you build 
xine-fontconv:

  ● Get the source of xine-fontconv utility from the misc directory within the
    xine-lib sources.

  ● Compile it:

       gcc xine-fontconv.c -o xine-fontconv `freetype-config --cflags --libs` -lz

You'll need some TTF font for generating. Characters in this font should cover
all codepages you want supported, otherwise you'll have missing characters.

Syntax is:

   ./xine-fontconf font.ttf font_name [encoding1 [encoding2 […]]]

For example default font sans was generated with following command:

   ./xine-fontconv Aril_Bold.ttf sans iso-8859-1 iso-8859-2 iso-8859-5 \
                                      iso-8859-9 iso-8859-15 cp1250 cp1251

There are displayed messages about missing characters on the screen during
generating. It's OK if the missing characters are U+007f..U+009F. These
characters come from iso-8859-1 and they aren't displayable.

Encoding of external subtitles is bad. What is wrong?

The encoding of the external subtitles is expected to be iso-8859-1 by default.
You need to set an appropriate encoding in the config option
subtitles.separate.src_encoding. Note that you also need a font which contains
all characters from the given encoding.

The default font sans and fonts serif and mono cover these encodings:

  ● iso-8859-1

  ● iso-8859-2

  ● iso-8859-5

  ● iso-8859-9

  ● iso-8859-15

  ● windows-1250

  ● windows-1251

Error Messages: What they mean and what you can do

Starting xine crashes X, I am logged out of my desktop!

xine itself is unable to crash X, so when your X server just shuts down or
restarts with the login screen, there is something wrong with your X setup.
Most common are problems with the Xv extension. Try running xine with the XShm
video output plugin:

   xine -V XShm

If that works fine, you just proved, that the Xv extension is buggy. xine will
remember the last used video output plugin, so the setting will stay at XShm.
You could simply continue using this, but XShm is a lot slower than Xv, so
consult the section on Xv and see if you can get it working. Usually you should
look for updated versions of the X driver module that belongs to your graphics
card.

Starting xine fails with complains about audio drivers/devices!

You can select the audio driver using the -A option. So try:

   xine -A null

If you have ALSA drivers installed, try:

   xine -A alsa

If you run ESD (not recommended), try:

   xine -A esd

If you run artsd, try:

   xine -A arts

"no video port found"

You got the Xv extension, but your video card driver doesn't support it. First
try to find a driver that does support Xv on your hardware (check your graphics
card vendor). If your driver has Xv support but you can't get it working, try
at a lower resolution (1024x768 is enough even for anamorphic DVDs).

If all that fails, you can still use plain X11/XShm:

   gxine -V XShm foo.vob

"Unable to open dvd drive (/dev/dvd)"

You probably don't have /dev/dvd (check that). If so, simply create a link /dev
/dvd that points to your DVD device. Something like…

   ln -s hdc /dev/dvd

… should do the job. Also make sure you have read and write access on the
device the symlink points to. See the dvd playback section for more
information.

My drive doesn't work and the kernel says "status=0x51 { DriveReady
SeekComplete Error }"

This error can be fixed by recompiling your kernel with the option "Use
multi-mode by default" enabled in the IDE settings.

"demux error! 00 00 00 (should be 0x000001)"

Probably xine can't access your input source. Most commonly this happens when
you're trying to play locked/encrypted DVDs. Remember that xine can't play such
DVDs out-of-the box for legal reasons (see above).

If it is legal where you live, you can try to install libdvdcss. Once you have
done that and re-start xine, it should automatically detect and use it to play
back encrypted DVDs.

Another reason could be that your (RPC-2) DVD drive isn't set up for the right
region (see above).

"audio driver 'oss' failed, using null driver instead"

First of all, make sure that your OSS Audio drivers are working (i.e. you can
play music with other software). Maybe you're using alsa? If so, try gxine -A
alsa to see if this helps.

The most common reason for oss not working is that some other program is
accesing your audio device. If you're using linux, the command fuser /dev/dsp
should give you the PID of the process.

If you are using GNOME, chances are that this is caused by ESD. Now you have
two possibilities. Either deactivate ESD (temporarily) by right clicking on the
sound monitor applet and selecting "Place Esound in standby" or just kill it.
Then xine will use OSS audio output. The other method is to make xine use ESD
for audio output with:

   gxine -A esd

This may result in worse playback – exact syncronization is not possible with
esd, so using oss should be preferred.

If you are using KDE, there is the possibility that the aRts sound daemon is
currently running and thus blocking your sound device. You can check that by
starting the aRts control (in your KDE menu it should be under Multimedia). If
it is running, you can either use the aRts audio output plugin:

   gxine -A arts

Or you suspend the aRts daemon by checking the appropriate option in your aRts
control. (recommended)

Newer versions of arts have an auto-suspend mode – this can lead to some
nondeterministic behaviour of xine if it is set up to use the audio device
directly. Using arts is recommended in that case; however, you will lose the
ability to do four/five channel audio output.

"video_out: throwing away image with pts xxx because it's too old"

This is a performance related problem. If you have a fast computer and this
message is shown from time to time when playing a DVD or CD, it's very likely
that DMA is not enabled for your drive.

"No video plugin available to decode 'xxxxxx'."

You have tried to play a stream using a unknown or unhandled codec. Possibly
the file uses some obscure proprietary format and no information is available
on how to decode it.

If you're on an x86 platform (e.g. PC hardware) you might want to try
installing binary-only windows medial, real networks and quicktime codecs (see
above).

"w32codec: decoder failed to start. Is 'xxxxxx' installed?"

You probably don't have the win32 dll needed to decode this file.

xine just crashed on me – i didn't get any error message

OK, yes, that shouldn't happen and you're upset. We can understand that. But,
to help you and of course to fix this, we need some information. So, let's go
through the checklist and maybe prepare a nice bug report for the xine bug
tracker:

  ● Did xine really crash (segfault) or did it hang (deadlock)?

  ● Can you reproduce the bug? (e.g. do you remember what you did and when you
    do it again it crashes again?)

  ● Is that a specific media file or format which crashes xine? (Have you tried
    other files types?)

  ● Check the console output (and include it in a bug report), maybe earlier
    there is some output that points to the problem.

  ● Your X server just froze on you? unfortunately that's a known problem with
    some chipsets and drivers (most commonly Savage chipsets) when using Xv.
    You might want to try running gxine -V XShm to see if the problem is
    related to the Xv driver. This will unfortunately be much slower, as lots
    of things are now done in software instead of hardware scaling/colour space
    conversion.

    Maybe at the time you read this, there's an X upgrade which fixes this for
    the Savage driver. If that works for you, please notify the xine crew at <
    xine-user@lists.sourceforge.net>, so they can update this FAQ!

  ● Even though we try to make each release as bug free as possible, xine is
    still under heavy development (nice excuse, isn't it? *grin*).

    If you write to the xine bug tracker make sure you include a the above
    information (when applicable) and also some information about your machine
    (operating system, cpu type and speed, gfx card, sound card, …) and please
    use a meaningfull subject line ("xine bug" is bad, "xine fails to play this
    quicktime trailer in fullscreen mode" ist much better).

    Thanks for taking the time to help improve xine.