<html lang="en"> <head> <title>Test Functions - GNU Octave</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="GNU Octave"> <meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> <link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> <link rel="up" href="Test-and-Demo-Functions.html#Test-and-Demo-Functions" title="Test and Demo Functions"> <link rel="next" href="Demonstration-Functions.html#Demonstration-Functions" title="Demonstration Functions"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- pre.display { font-family:inherit } pre.format { font-family:inherit } pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } --></style> </head> <body> <div class="node"> <a name="Test-Functions"></a> <p> Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Demonstration-Functions.html#Demonstration-Functions">Demonstration Functions</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Test-and-Demo-Functions.html#Test-and-Demo-Functions">Test and Demo Functions</a> <hr> </div> <h3 class="section">B.1 Test Functions</h3> <!-- test scripts/testfun/test.m --> <p><a name="doc_002dtest"></a> <div class="defun"> — Command: <b>test</b><var> name<a name="index-test-3375"></a></var><br> — Command: <b>test</b><var> name quiet|normal|verbose<a name="index-test-3376"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>test</b> (<var>'name', 'quiet|normal|verbose', fid</var>)<var><a name="index-test-3377"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>test</b> ([]<var>, 'explain', fid</var>)<var><a name="index-test-3378"></a></var><br> — Function File: <var>success</var> = <b>test</b> (<var><small class="dots">...</small></var>)<var><a name="index-test-3379"></a></var><br> — Function File: [<var>n</var>, <var>max</var>] = <b>test</b> (<var><small class="dots">...</small></var>)<var><a name="index-test-3380"></a></var><br> — Function File: [<var>code</var>, <var>idx</var>] = <b>test</b> (<var>'name', 'grabdemo'</var>)<var><a name="index-test-3381"></a></var><br> <blockquote> <p>Perform tests from the first file in the loadpath matching <var>name</var>. <code>test</code> can be called as a command or as a function. Called with a single argument <var>name</var>, the tests are run interactively and stop after the first error is encountered. <p>With a second argument the tests which are performed and the amount of output is selected. <dl> <dt>'quiet'<dd> Don't report all the tests as they happen, just the errors. <br><dt>'normal'<dd>Report all tests as they happen, but don't do tests which require user interaction. <br><dt>'verbose'<dd>Do tests which require user interaction. </dl> <p>The argument <var>fid</var> can be used to allow batch processing. Errors can be written to the already open file defined by <var>fid</var>, and hopefully when Octave crashes this file will tell you what was happening when it did. You can use <code>stdout</code> if you want to see the results as they happen. You can also give a file name rather than an <var>fid</var>, in which case the contents of the file will be replaced with the log from the current test. <p>Called with a single output argument <var>success</var>, <code>test</code> returns true if all of the tests were successful. Called with two output arguments <var>n</var> and <var>max</var>, the number of successful tests and the total number of tests in the file <var>name</var> are returned. <p>If the second argument is the string 'grabdemo', the contents of the demo blocks are extracted but not executed. Code for all code blocks is concatenated and returned as <var>code</var> with <var>idx</var> being a vector of positions of the ends of the demo blocks. <p>If the second argument is 'explain', then <var>name</var> is ignored and an explanation of the line markers used is written to the file <var>fid</var>. <!-- Texinfo @sp should work but in practice produces ugly results for HTML. --> <!-- A simple blank line produces the correct behavior. --> <!-- @sp 1 --> <p class="noindent"><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="doc_002dassert.html#doc_002dassert">assert</a>, <a href="doc_002dfail.html#doc_002dfail">fail</a>, <a href="doc_002derror.html#doc_002derror">error</a>, <a href="doc_002ddemo.html#doc_002ddemo">demo</a>, <a href="doc_002dexample.html#doc_002dexample">example</a>. </p></blockquote></div> <p><code>test</code> scans the named script file looking for lines which start with the identifier ‘<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>’. The prefix is stripped off and the rest of the line is processed through the Octave interpreter. If the code generates an error, then the test is said to fail. <p>Since <code>eval()</code> will stop at the first error it encounters, you must divide your tests up into blocks, with anything in a separate block evaluated separately. Blocks are introduced by the keyword <code>test</code> immediately following ‘<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>’. For example: <pre class="example"> %!test error ("this test fails!"); %!test "test doesn't fail. it doesn't generate an error"; </pre> <p>When a test fails, you will see something like: <pre class="example"> ***** test error ("this test fails!") !!!!! test failed this test fails! </pre> <p>Generally, to test if something works, you want to assert that it produces a correct value. A real test might look something like <pre class="example"> %!test %! <var>a</var> = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]; B = [1; 2]; %! expect = [ <var>a</var> ; 2*<var>a</var> ]; %! get = kron (<var>b</var>, <var>a</var>); %! if (any (size (expect) != size (get))) %! error ("wrong size: expected %d,%d but got %d,%d", %! size(expect), size(get)); %! elseif (any (any (expect != get))) %! error ("didn't get what was expected."); %! endif </pre> <p>To make the process easier, use the <code>assert</code> function. For example, with <code>assert</code> the previous test is reduced to: <pre class="example"> %!test %! <var>a</var> = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]; <var>b</var> = [1; 2]; %! assert (kron (<var>b</var>, <var>a</var>), [ <var>a</var>; 2*<var>a</var> ]); </pre> <p><code>assert</code> can accept a tolerance so that you can compare results absolutely or relatively. For example, the following all succeed: <pre class="example"> %!test assert (1+eps, 1, 2*eps) # absolute error %!test assert (100+100*eps, 100, -2*eps) # relative error </pre> <p>You can also do the comparison yourself, but still have assert generate the error: <pre class="example"> %!test assert (isempty ([])) %!test assert ([1, 2; 3, 4] > 0) </pre> <p>Because <code>assert</code> is so frequently used alone in a test block, there is a shorthand form: <pre class="example"> %!assert (...) </pre> <p class="noindent">which is equivalent to: <pre class="example"> %!test assert (...) </pre> <p>Occasionally a block of tests will depend on having optional functionality in Octave. Before testing such blocks the availability of the required functionality must be checked. A <code>%!testif HAVE_XXX</code> block will only be run if Octave was compiled with functionality ‘<samp><span class="samp">HAVE_XXX</span></samp>’. For example, the sparse single value decomposition, <code>svds()</code>, depends on having the <span class="sc">arpack</span> library. All of the tests for <code>svds</code> begin with <pre class="example"> %!testif HAVE_ARPACK </pre> <p class="noindent">Review <samp><span class="file">config.h</span></samp> or <code>octave_config_info ("DEFS")</code> to see some of the possible values to check. <p>Sometimes during development there is a test that should work but is known to fail. You still want to leave the test in because when the final code is ready the test should pass, but you may not be able to fix it immediately. To avoid unnecessary bug reports for these known failures, mark the block with <code>xtest</code> rather than <code>test</code>: <pre class="example"> %!xtest assert (1==0) %!xtest fail ("success=1", "error") </pre> <p class="noindent">In this case, the test will run and any failure will be reported. However, testing is not aborted and subsequent test blocks will be processed normally. Another use of <code>xtest</code> is for statistical tests which should pass most of the time but are known to fail occasionally. <p>Each block is evaluated in its own function environment, which means that variables defined in one block are not automatically shared with other blocks. If you do want to share variables, then you must declare them as <code>shared</code> before you use them. For example, the following declares the variable <var>a</var>, gives it an initial value (default is empty), and then uses it in several subsequent tests. <pre class="example"> %!shared <var>a</var> %! <var>a</var> = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]; %!assert (kron ([1; 2], <var>a</var>), [ <var>a</var>; 2*<var>a</var> ]); %!assert (kron ([1, 2], <var>a</var>), [ <var>a</var>, 2*<var>a</var> ]); %!assert (kron ([1,2; 3,4], <var>a</var>), [ <var>a</var>,2*<var>a</var>; 3*<var>a</var>,4*<var>a</var> ]); </pre> <p>You can share several variables at the same time: <pre class="example"> %!shared <var>a</var>, <var>b</var> </pre> <p>You can also share test functions: <pre class="example"> %!function <var>a</var> = fn (<var>b</var>) %! <var>a</var> = 2*<var>b</var>; %!endfunction %!assert (fn(2), 4); </pre> <p>Note that all previous variables and values are lost when a new shared block is declared. <p>Error and warning blocks are like test blocks, but they only succeed if the code generates an error. You can check the text of the error is correct using an optional regular expression <code><pattern></code>. For example: <pre class="example"> %!error <passes!> error ("this test passes!"); </pre> <p>If the code doesn't generate an error, the test fails. For example: <pre class="example"> %!error "this is an error because it succeeds."; </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <pre class="example"> ***** error "this is an error because it succeeds."; !!!!! test failed: no error </pre> <p>It is important to automate the tests as much as possible, however some tests require user interaction. These can be isolated into demo blocks, which if you are in batch mode, are only run when called with <code>demo</code> or the <code>verbose</code> option to <code>test</code>. The code is displayed before it is executed. For example, <pre class="example"> %!demo %! <var>t</var> = [0:0.01:2*pi]; <var>x</var> = sin (<var>t</var>); %! plot (<var>t</var>, <var>x</var>); %! # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window </pre> <p class="noindent">produces <pre class="example"> funcname example 1: <var>t</var> = [0:0.01:2*pi]; <var>x</var> = sin (<var>t</var>); plot (<var>t</var>, <var>x</var>); # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window Press <enter> to continue: </pre> <p>Note that demo blocks cannot use any shared variables. This is so that they can be executed by themselves, ignoring all other tests. <p>If you want to temporarily disable a test block, put <code>#</code> in place of the block type. This creates a comment block which is echoed in the log file but not executed. For example: <pre class="example"> %!#demo %! <var>t</var> = [0:0.01:2*pi]; <var>x</var> = sin (<var>t</var>); %! plot (<var>t</var>, <var>x</var>); %! # you should now see a sine wave in your figure window </pre> <h5 class="subsubheading">Block type summary:</h5> <dl> <dt><code>%!test</code><dd>check that entire block is correct <br><dt><code>%!testif HAVE_XXX</code><dd>check block only if Octave was compiled with feature HAVE_XXX. <br><dt><code>%!xtest</code><dd>check block, report a test failure but do not abort testing. <br><dt><code>%!error</code><dd>check for correct error message <br><dt><code>%!warning</code><dd>check for correct warning message <br><dt><code>%!demo</code><dd>demo only executes in interactive mode <br><dt><code>%!#</code><dd>comment: ignore everything within the block <br><dt><code>%!shared x,y,z</code><dd>declare variables for use in multiple tests <br><dt><code>%!function</code><dd>define a function for use in multiple tests <br><dt><code>%!endfunction</code><dd>close a function definition <br><dt><code>%!assert (x, y, tol)</code><dd>shorthand for <code>%!test assert (x, y, tol)</code> </dl> <p>You can also create test scripts for builtins and your own C++ functions. To do so put a file with the bare function name (no .m extension) in a directory in the load path and it will be discovered by the <code>test</code> function. Alternatively, you can embed tests directly in your C++ code: <pre class="example"> /* %!test disp ("this is a test") */ </pre> <p class="noindent">or <pre class="example"> #if 0 %!test disp ("this is a test") #endif </pre> <p class="noindent">However, in this case the raw source code will need to be on the load path and the user will have to remember to type <code>test ("funcname.cc")</code>. <!-- assert scripts/testfun/assert.m --> <p><a name="doc_002dassert"></a> <div class="defun"> — Function File: <b>assert</b> (<var>cond</var>)<var><a name="index-assert-3382"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>assert</b> (<var>cond, errmsg, <small class="dots">...</small></var>)<var><a name="index-assert-3383"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>assert</b> (<var>cond, msg_id, errmsg, <small class="dots">...</small></var>)<var><a name="index-assert-3384"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>assert</b> (<var>observed, expected</var>)<var><a name="index-assert-3385"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>assert</b> (<var>observed, expected, tol</var>)<var><a name="index-assert-3386"></a></var><br> <blockquote> <p>Produce an error if the specified condition is not met. <code>assert</code> can be called in three different ways. <dl> <dt><code>assert (</code><var>cond</var><code>)</code><dt><code>assert (</code><var>cond</var><code>, </code><var>errmsg</var><code>, ...)</code><dt><code>assert (</code><var>cond</var><code>, </code><var>msg_id</var><code>, </code><var>errmsg</var><code>, ...)</code><dd>Called with a single argument <var>cond</var>, <code>assert</code> produces an error if <var>cond</var> is zero. When called with more than one argument the additional arguments are passed to the <code>error</code> function. <br><dt><code>assert (</code><var>observed</var><code>, </code><var>expected</var><code>)</code><dd>Produce an error if observed is not the same as expected. Note that <var>observed</var> and <var>expected</var> can be scalars, vectors, matrices, strings, cell arrays, or structures. <br><dt><code>assert (</code><var>observed</var><code>, </code><var>expected</var><code>, </code><var>tol</var><code>)</code><dd>Produce an error if observed is not the same as expected but equality comparison for numeric data uses a tolerance <var>tol</var>. If <var>tol</var> is positive then it is an absolute tolerance which will produce an error if <code>abs(</code><var>observed</var><code> - </code><var>expected</var><code>) > abs(</code><var>tol</var><code>)</code>. If <var>tol</var> is negative then it is a relative tolerance which will produce an error if <code>abs(</code><var>observed</var><code> - </code><var>expected</var><code>) > abs(</code><var>tol</var><code> * </code><var>expected</var><code>)</code>. If <var>expected</var> is zero <var>tol</var> will always be interpreted as an absolute tolerance. </dl> <!-- Texinfo @sp should work but in practice produces ugly results for HTML. --> <!-- A simple blank line produces the correct behavior. --> <!-- @sp 1 --> <p class="noindent"><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="doc_002dtest.html#doc_002dtest">test</a>, <a href="doc_002dfail.html#doc_002dfail">fail</a>, <a href="doc_002derror.html#doc_002derror">error</a>. </p></blockquote></div> <!-- fail scripts/testfun/fail.m --> <p><a name="doc_002dfail"></a> <div class="defun"> — Function File: <b>fail</b> (<var>code</var>)<var><a name="index-fail-3387"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>fail</b> (<var>code, pattern</var>)<var><a name="index-fail-3388"></a></var><br> — Function File: <b>fail</b> (<var>code, 'warning', pattern</var>)<var><a name="index-fail-3389"></a></var><br> <blockquote> <p>Return true if <var>code</var> fails with an error message matching <var>pattern</var>, otherwise produce an error. Note that <var>code</var> is a string and if <var>code</var> runs successfully, the error produced is: <pre class="example"> expected error but got none </pre> <p>If the code fails with a different error, the message produced is: <pre class="example"> expected <pattern> but got <text of actual error> </pre> <p>The angle brackets are not part of the output. <p>Called with three arguments, the behavior is similar to <code>fail(</code><var>code</var><code>, </code><var>pattern</var><code>)</code>, but produces an error if no warning is given during code execution or if the code fails. <!-- Texinfo @sp should work but in practice produces ugly results for HTML. --> <!-- A simple blank line produces the correct behavior. --> <!-- @sp 1 --> <p class="noindent"><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="doc_002dassert.html#doc_002dassert">assert</a>. </p></blockquote></div> </body></html>