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</div><hr /><div id="pdo.constants" class="appendix">
<h1>Predefined Constants</h1>
<p class="simpara">
The constants below are defined by this extension, and
will only be available when the extension has either
been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.
</p>
<div class="warning"><strong class="warning">Warning</strong>
<p class="para">
PDO uses class constants since PHP 5.1. Prior releases use global constants
in the form <strong><code>PDO_PARAM_BOOL</code></strong>.
</p>
</div>
<dl>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-bool">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_BOOL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents a boolean data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-null">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_NULL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents the SQL NULL data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-int">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_INT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents the SQL INTEGER data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-str">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_STR</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents the SQL CHAR, VARCHAR, or other string data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-lob">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_LOB</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents the SQL large object data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-stmt">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_STMT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Represents a recordset type. Not currently supported by any drivers.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-input-output">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the parameter is an INOUT parameter for a stored
procedure. You must bitwise-OR this value with an explicit
PDO::PARAM_* data type.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-lazy">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_LAZY</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an object with
variable names that correspond to the column names returned in the result
set. <strong><code>PDO::FETCH_LAZY</code></strong> creates the object variable names as they are accessed.
Not valid inside <span class="function"><a href="pdostatement.fetchall.html" class="function">PDOStatement::fetchAll()</a></span>.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-assoc">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ASSOC</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
by column name as returned in the corresponding result set. If the result
set contains multiple columns with the same name,
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ASSOC</code></strong> returns
only a single value per column name.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-named">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_NAMED</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
by column name as returned in the corresponding result set. If the result
set contains multiple columns with the same name,
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_NAMED</code></strong> returns
an array of values per column name.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-num">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_NUM</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
by column number as returned in the corresponding result set, starting at
column 0.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-both">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_BOTH</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
by both column name and number as returned in the corresponding result set,
starting at column 0.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-obj">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_OBJ</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an object with
property names that correspond to the column names returned in the result
set.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-bound">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_BOUND</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return TRUE and assign the values of
the columns in the result set to the PHP variables to which they were
bound with the <span class="function"><a href="pdostatement.bindparam.html" class="function">PDOStatement::bindParam()</a></span> or
<span class="function"><a href="pdostatement.bindcolumn.html" class="function">PDOStatement::bindColumn()</a></span> methods.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-column">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_COLUMN</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return only a single requested
column from the next row in the result set.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-class">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_CLASS</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall return a new instance of the
requested class, mapping the columns to named properties in the class.
</span>
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
<span class="simpara">
The magic
<a href="language.oop5.overloading.html#language.oop5.overloading.members" class="link"> <span class="methodname"><strong>__set()</strong></span></a>
method is called if the property doesn't exist in the requested class
</span>
</p></blockquote>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-into">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_INTO</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Specifies that the fetch method shall update an existing instance of the
requested class, mapping the columns to named properties in the class.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-func">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_FUNC</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Allows completely customize the way data is treated on the fly (only
valid inside <span class="function"><a href="pdostatement.fetchall.html" class="function">PDOStatement::fetchAll()</a></span>).
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-group">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_GROUP</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Group return by values. Usually combined with
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_COLUMN</code></strong> or
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_KEY_PAIR</code></strong>.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-unique">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch only the unique values.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-key-pair">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_KEY_PAIR</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch a two-column result into an array where the first column is a key and the second column
is the value. Available since PHP 5.2.3.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-classtype">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_CLASSTYPE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Determine the class name from the value of first column.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-serialize">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_SERIALIZE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
As <strong><code>PDO::FETCH_INTO</code></strong> but object is provided as a serialized string.
Available since PHP 5.1.0. Since PHP 5.3.0 the class constructor is never called if this
flag is set.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-props-late">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_PROPS_LATE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Call the constructor before setting properties. Available since PHP 5.2.0.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-autocommit">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
If this value is <strong><code>FALSE</code></strong>, PDO attempts to disable autocommit so that the
connection begins a transaction.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-prefetch">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Setting the prefetch size allows you to balance speed against memory
usage for your application. Not all database/driver combinations support
setting of the prefetch size. A larger prefetch size results in
increased performance at the cost of higher memory usage.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-timeout">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Sets the timeout value in seconds for communications with the database.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-errmode">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
See the <a href="pdo.error-handling.html" class="link">Errors and error
handling</a> section for more information about this attribute.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-server-version">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
This is a read only attribute; it will return information about the
version of the database server to which PDO is connected.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-client-version">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
This is a read only attribute; it will return information about the
version of the client libraries that the PDO driver is using.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-server-info">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_SERVER_INFO</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
This is a read only attribute; it will return some meta information about the
database server to which PDO is connected.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-connection-status">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_CONNECTION_STATUS</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-case">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_CASE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Force column names to a specific case specified by the <em>PDO::CASE_*</em>
constants.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-cursor-name">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_CURSOR_NAME</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Get or set the name to use for a cursor. Most useful when using
scrollable cursors and positioned updates.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-cursor">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_CURSOR</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Selects the cursor type. PDO currently supports either
<strong><code>PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY</code></strong> and
<strong><code>PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL</code></strong>. Stick with
<strong><code>PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY</code></strong> unless you know that you need a
scrollable cursor.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-driver-name">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Returns the name of the driver.
</span>
<p class="para">
<div class="example" id="example-898"><p><strong>Example #1 using <strong><code>PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME</code></strong></strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$db</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">getAttribute</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">PDO</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">ATTR_DRIVER_NAME</span><span style="color: #007700">) == </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'mysql'</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Running on mysql; doing something mysql specific here\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-oracle-nulls">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Convert empty strings to SQL NULL values on data fetches.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-persistent">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Request a persistent connection, rather than creating a new connection.
See <a href="pdo.connections.html" class="link">Connections and Connection
management</a> for more information on this attribute.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-statement-class">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_STATEMENT_CLASS</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-fetch-catalog-names">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_FETCH_CATALOG_NAMES</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Prepend the containing catalog name to each column name returned in the
result set. The catalog name and column name are separated by a decimal
(.) character. Support of this attribute is at the driver level; it may
not be supported by your driver.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-fetch-table-names">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_FETCH_TABLE_NAMES</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Prepend the containing table name to each column name returned in the
result set. The table name and column name are separated by a decimal (.)
character. Support of this attribute is at the driver level; it may not
be supported by your driver.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-stringify-fetches">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-max-column-len">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_MAX_COLUMN_LEN</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-default-fetch-mode">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Available since PHP 5.2.0
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.attr-emulate-prepares">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Available since PHP 5.1.3.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.errmode-silent">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Do not raise an error or exception if an error occurs. The developer is
expected to explicitly check for errors. This is the default mode.
See <a href="pdo.error-handling.html" class="link">Errors and error handling</a>
for more information about this attribute.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.errmode-warning">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Issue a PHP <strong><code>E_WARNING</code></strong> message if an error occurs.
See <a href="pdo.error-handling.html" class="link">Errors and error handling</a>
for more information about this attribute.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.errmode-exception">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Throw a <a href="class.pdoexception.html" class="classname">PDOException</a> if an error occurs.
See <a href="pdo.error-handling.html" class="link">Errors and error handling</a>
for more information about this attribute.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.case-natural">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::CASE_NATURAL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Leave column names as returned by the database driver.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.case-lower">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::CASE_LOWER</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Force column names to lower case.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.case-upper">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::CASE_UPPER</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Force column names to upper case.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.null-natural">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::NULL_NATURAL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.null-empty-string">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::NULL_EMPTY_STRING</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.null-to-string">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::NULL_TO_STRING</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-next">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the next row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-prior">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the previous row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable
cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-first">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_FIRST</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the first row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-last">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the last row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-abs">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the requested row by row number from the result set. Valid only
for scrollable cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.fetch-ori-rel">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Fetch the requested row by relative position from the current position
of the cursor in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.cursor-fwdonly">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Create a <a href="class.pdostatement.html" class="classname">PDOStatement</a> object with a forward-only cursor. This is the
default cursor choice, as it is the fastest and most common data access
pattern in PHP.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.cursor-scroll">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Create a <a href="class.pdostatement.html" class="classname">PDOStatement</a> object with a scrollable cursor. Pass the
<em>PDO::FETCH_ORI_*</em> constants to control the rows fetched from the result set.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.err-none">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::ERR_NONE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Corresponds to SQLSTATE '00000', meaning that the SQL statement was
successfully issued with no errors or warnings. This constant is for
your convenience when checking <span class="function"><a href="pdo.errorcode.html" class="function">PDO::errorCode()</a></span> or
<span class="function"><a href="pdostatement.errorcode.html" class="function">PDOStatement::errorCode()</a></span> to determine if an error
occurred. You will usually know if this is the case by examining the
return code from the method that raised the error condition anyway.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-alloc">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_ALLOC</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Allocation event
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-free">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_FREE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Deallocation event
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-exec-pre">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_EXEC_PRE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Event triggered prior to execution of a prepared statement.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-exec-post">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_EXEC_POST</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Event triggered subsequent to execution of a prepared statement.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-fetch-pre">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_FETCH_PRE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Event triggered prior to fetching a result from a resultset.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-fetch-post">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_FETCH_POST</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Event triggered subsequent to fetching a result from a resultset.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt id="pdo.constants.param-evt-normalize">
<span class="term">
<strong><code>PDO::PARAM_EVT_NORMALIZE</code></strong>
(<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>)
</span>
<dd>
<span class="simpara">
Event triggered during bound parameter registration
allowing the driver to normalize the parameter name.
</span>
</dd>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
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