<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Program execution Functions</title>
</head>
<body><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="exec.constants.html">Predefined Constants</a></div>
<div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="function.escapeshellarg.html">escapeshellarg</a></div>
<div class="up"><a href="book.exec.html">Program execution</a></div>
<div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div>
</div><hr /><div id="ref.exec" class="reference">
<h1 class="title">Program execution Functions</h1>
<div class="partintro">
<div class="section" id="exec.notes">
<h2 class="title">Notes</h2>
<div class="warning"><strong class="warning">Warning</strong>
<p class="para">
Open files with lock (especially open sessions) should be closed before
executing a program in the background.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exec.seealso">
<h2 class="title">See Also</h2>
<p class="para">
These functions are also closely related to the
<a href="language.operators.execution.html" class="link">backtick operator</a>.
Also, while in <a href="ini.sect.safe-mode.html#ini.safe-mode" class="link">safe mode</a> you
must consider the <a href="ini.sect.safe-mode.html#ini.safe-mode-exec-dir" class="link">
safe_mode_exec_dir</a> directive.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2><ul class="chunklist chunklist_reference"><li><a href="function.escapeshellarg.html">escapeshellarg</a> — Escape a string to be used as a shell argument</li><li><a href="function.escapeshellcmd.html">escapeshellcmd</a> — Escape shell metacharacters</li><li><a href="function.exec.html">exec</a> — Execute an external program</li><li><a href="function.passthru.html">passthru</a> — Execute an external program and display raw output</li><li><a href="function.proc-close.html">proc_close</a> — Close a process opened by proc_open and return the exit code of that process</li><li><a href="function.proc-get-status.html">proc_get_status</a> — Get information about a process opened by proc_open</li><li><a href="function.proc-nice.html">proc_nice</a> — Change the priority of the current process</li><li><a href="function.proc-open.html">proc_open</a> — Execute a command and open file pointers for input/output</li><li><a href="function.proc-terminate.html">proc_terminate</a> — Kills a process opened by proc_open</li><li><a href="function.shell-exec.html">shell_exec</a> — Execute command via shell and return the complete output as a string</li><li><a href="function.system.html">system</a> — Execute an external program and display the output</li></ul>
</div>
<hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="exec.constants.html">Predefined Constants</a></div>
<div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="function.escapeshellarg.html">escapeshellarg</a></div>
<div class="up"><a href="book.exec.html">Program execution</a></div>
<div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div>
</div></body></html>
