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</div><hr /><div id="function.sprintf" class="refentry">
<div class="refnamediv">
<h1 class="refname">sprintf</h1>
<p class="verinfo">(PHP 4, PHP 5)</p><p class="refpurpose"><span class="refname">sprintf</span> — <span class="dc-title">Return a formatted string</span></p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 description" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-description">
<h3 class="title">Description</h3>
<div class="methodsynopsis dc-description">
<span class="type">string</span> <span class="methodname"><strong>sprintf</strong></span>
( <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">string</span> <code class="parameter">$format</code></span>
[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.mixed" class="type mixed">mixed</a></span> <code class="parameter">$args</code></span>
[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.mixed" class="type mixed">mixed</a></span> <code class="parameter">$...</code></span>
]] )</div>
<p class="para rdfs-comment">
Returns a string produced according to the formatting string
<em><code class="parameter">format</code></em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 parameters" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-parameters">
<h3 class="title">Parameters</h3>
<p class="para">
<dl>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em><code class="parameter">format</code></em></span>
<dd>
<p class="para">
The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
ordinary characters (excluding <em>%</em>) that are
copied directly to the result, and <em class="emphasis">conversion
specifications</em>, each of which results in fetching its
own parameter. This applies to both <span class="function"><strong>sprintf()</strong></span>
and <span class="function"><a href="function.printf.html" class="function">printf()</a></span>.
</p>
<p class="para">
Each conversion specification consists of a percent sign
(<em>%</em>), followed by one or more of these
elements, in order:
<ol type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
An optional <em class="emphasis">sign specifier</em> that forces a sign
(- or +) to be used on a number. By default, only the - sign is used
on a number if it's negative. This specifier forces positive numbers
to have the + sign attached as well, and was added in PHP 4.3.0.
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
An optional <em class="emphasis">padding specifier</em> that says
what character will be used for padding the results to the
right string size. This may be a space character or a
<em>0</em> (zero character). The default is to pad
with spaces. An alternate padding character can be specified
by prefixing it with a single quote (<em>'</em>).
See the examples below.
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
An optional <em class="emphasis">alignment specifier</em> that says
if the result should be left-justified or right-justified.
The default is right-justified; a <em>-</em>
character here will make it left-justified.
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
An optional number, a <em class="emphasis">width specifier</em>
that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should
result in.
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
An optional <em class="emphasis">precision specifier</em> in the form
of a period (`.') followed by an optional decimal digit string
that says how many decimal digits should be displayed for
floating-point numbers. When using this specifier on a string,
it acts as a cutoff point, setting a maximum character limit to
the string.
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p class="para">
A <em class="emphasis">type specifier</em> that says what type the
argument data should be treated as. Possible types:
<ul class="simplelist">
<li class="member">
<em>%</em> - a literal percent character. No
argument is required.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>b</em> - the argument is treated as an
integer, and presented as a binary number.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>c</em> - the argument is treated as an
integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII
value.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>d</em> - the argument is treated as an
integer, and presented as a (signed) decimal number.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>e</em> - the argument is treated as scientific
notation (e.g. 1.2e+2).
The precision specifier stands for the number of digits after the
decimal point since PHP 5.2.1. In earlier versions, it was taken as
number of significant digits (one less).
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>E</em> - like <em>%e</em> but uses
uppercase letter (e.g. 1.2E+2).
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>f</em> - the argument is treated as a
float, and presented as a floating-point number (locale aware).
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>F</em> - the argument is treated as a
float, and presented as a floating-point number (non-locale aware).
Available since PHP 4.3.10 and PHP 5.0.3.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>g</em> - shorter of <em>%e</em> and
<em>%f</em>.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>G</em> - shorter of <em>%E</em> and
<em>%f</em>.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>o</em> - the argument is treated as an
integer, and presented as an octal number.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>s</em> - the argument is treated as and
presented as a string.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>u</em> - the argument is treated as an
integer, and presented as an unsigned decimal number.
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>x</em> - the argument is treated as an integer
and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase
letters).
</li>
<li class="member">
<em>X</em> - the argument is treated as an integer
and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase
letters).
</li>
</ul>
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</p>
<p class="para">
Variables will be co-erced to a suitable type for the specifier:
<table id="sprintf.coercion" class="doctable table">
<caption><strong>Type Handling</strong></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Specifiers</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbody">
<tr>
<td><em>string</em></td>
<td><em>s</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>integer</em></td>
<td>
<em>d</em>,
<em>u</em>,
<em>c</em>,
<em>o</em>,
<em>x</em>,
<em>X</em>,
<em>b</em>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><em>double</em></td>
<td>
<em>g</em>,
<em>G</em>,
<em>e</em>,
<em>E</em>,
<em>f</em>,
<em>F</em>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</p>
<div class="warning"><strong class="warning">Warning</strong>
<p class="para">
Attempting to use a combination of the string and width specifiers with character sets that require more than one byte per character may result in unexpected results
</p>
</div>
<p class="para">
The format string supports argument numbering/swapping. Here is an
example:
<div class="example" id="example-4863">
<p><strong>Example #1 Argument swapping</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$num </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">5</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'tree'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'There are %d monkeys in the %s'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$num</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
This will output "There are 5 monkeys in the tree". But
imagine we are creating a format string in a separate file,
commonly because we would like to internationalize it and we
rewrite it as:
<div class="example" id="example-4864">
<p><strong>Example #2 Argument swapping</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$format </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'The %s contains %d monkeys'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$num</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
We now have a problem. The order of the placeholders in the
format string does not match the order of the arguments in the
code. We would like to leave the code as is and simply indicate
in the format string which arguments the placeholders refer to.
We would write the format string like this instead:
<div class="example" id="example-4865">
<p><strong>Example #3 Argument swapping</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$format </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$num</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
An added benefit here is that you can repeat the placeholders without
adding more arguments in the code. For example:
<div class="example" id="example-4866">
<p><strong>Example #4 Argument swapping</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$format </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys.<br /> That\'s a nice %2$s full of %1$d monkeys.'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$num</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
When using argument swapping, the <em>n$</em>
<em class="emphasis">position specifier</em> must come immediately
after the percent sign (<em>%</em>), before any other
specifiers, as shown in the example below.
<div class="example" id="example-4867">
<p><strong>Example #5 Position specifier with other specifiers</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$format </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'The %2$s contains %1$04d monkeys'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$format</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$num</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$location</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<div class="example-contents"><p>The above example will output:</p></div>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
The tree contains 0005 monkeys
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
<p class="para">
Attempting to use a position specifier greater than
<strong><code>PHP_INT_MAX</code></strong> will result in
<span class="function"><strong>sprintf()</strong></span> generating warnings.
</p>
</p></blockquote>
<div class="warning"><strong class="warning">Warning</strong>
<p class="para">
The <em>c</em> type specifier ignores padding and width
</p>
</div>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em><code class="parameter">args</code></em></span>
<dd>
<p class="para">
</p>
</dd>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="term"><em><code class="parameter">...</code></em></span>
<dd>
<p class="para">
</p>
</dd>
</dt>
</dl>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 returnvalues" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-returnvalues">
<h3 class="title">Return Values</h3>
<p class="para">
Returns a string produced according to the formatting string
<em><code class="parameter">format</code></em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 changelog" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-changelog">
<h3 class="title">Changelog</h3>
<p class="para">
<table class="doctable informaltable">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbody">
<tr>
<td>4.0.6</td>
<td>
Support for argument numbering/swapping was added
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 examples" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-examples">
<h3 class="title">Examples</h3>
<div class="example" id="example-4868">
<p><strong>Example #6 <span class="function"><a href="function.printf.html" class="function">printf()</a></span>: various examples</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$n </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">43951789</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$u </span><span style="color: #007700">= -</span><span style="color: #0000BB">43951789</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$c </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">65</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// ASCII 65 is 'A'<br /><br />// notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%b = '%b'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// binary representation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%c = '%c'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$c</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// print the ascii character, same as chr() function<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%d = '%d'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// standard integer representation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%e = '%e'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// scientific notation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%u = '%u'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// unsigned integer representation of a positive integer<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%u = '%u'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$u</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// unsigned integer representation of a negative integer<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%f = '%f'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// floating point representation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%o = '%o'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// octal representation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%s = '%s'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// string representation<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%x = '%x'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// hexadecimal representation (lower-case)<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%X = '%X'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// hexadecimal representation (upper-case)<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%+d = '%+d'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$n</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// sign specifier on a positive integer<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%%+d = '%+d'\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$u</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// sign specifier on a negative integer<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<div class="example-contents"><p>The above example will output:</p></div>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
%b = '10100111101010011010101101'
%c = 'A'
%d = '43951789'
%e = '4.39518e+7'
%u = '43951789'
%u = '4251015507'
%f = '43951789.000000'
%o = '247523255'
%s = '43951789'
%x = '29ea6ad'
%X = '29EA6AD'
%+d = '+43951789'
%+d = '-43951789'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example" id="example-4869">
<p><strong>Example #7 <span class="function"><a href="function.printf.html" class="function">printf()</a></span>: string specifiers</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$s </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'monkey'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$t </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'many monkeys'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$s</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// standard string output<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%10s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$s</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// right-justification with spaces<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%-10s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$s</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// left-justification with spaces<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%010s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$s</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// zero-padding works on strings too<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%'#10s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$s</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// use the custom padding character '#'<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">printf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"[%10.10s]\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$t</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// left-justification but with a cutoff of 10 characters<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
<div class="example-contents"><p>The above example will output:</p></div>
<div class="example-contents screen">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
[monkey]
[ monkey]
[monkey ]
[0000monkey]
[####monkey]
[many monke]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example" id="example-4870">
<p><strong>Example #8 <span class="function"><strong>sprintf()</strong></span>: zero-padded integers</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$isodate </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%04d-%02d-%02d"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$year</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$month</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$day</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example" id="example-4871">
<p><strong>Example #9 <span class="function"><strong>sprintf()</strong></span>: formatting currency</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$money1 </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">68.75</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$money2 </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">54.35</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$money </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$money1 </span><span style="color: #007700">+ </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$money2</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// echo $money will output "123.1";<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$formatted </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%01.2f"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$money</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// echo $formatted will output "123.10"<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="example" id="example-4872">
<p><strong>Example #10 <span class="function"><strong>sprintf()</strong></span>: scientific notation</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$number </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">362525200</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">sprintf</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"%.3e"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$number</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// outputs 3.625e+8<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1 seealso" id="refsect1-function.sprintf-seealso">
<h3 class="title">See Also</h3>
<p class="para">
<ul class="simplelist">
<li class="member"> <span class="function"><a href="function.printf.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">printf()</a> - Output a formatted string</span></li>
<li class="member"> <span class="function"><a href="function.sscanf.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">sscanf()</a> - Parses input from a string according to a format</span></li>
<li class="member"> <span class="function"><a href="function.fscanf.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">fscanf()</a> - Parses input from a file according to a format</span></li>
<li class="member"> <span class="function"><a href="function.vsprintf.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">vsprintf()</a> - Return a formatted string</span></li>
<li class="member"> <span class="function"><a href="function.number-format.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">number_format()</a> - Format a number with grouped thousands</span></li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
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