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<title>Defining multiple namespaces in the same file</title>
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<h2 class="title">Defining multiple namespaces in the same file</h2>
<p class="verinfo">(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0)</p>
<p class="para">
Multiple namespaces may also be declared in the same file. There are two allowed
syntaxes.
</p>
<p class="para">
<div class="example" id="example-237">
<p><strong>Example #1 Declaring multiple namespaces, simple combination syntax</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br /><br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">AnotherProject</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
<p class="para">
This syntax is not recommended for combining namespaces into a single file.
Instead it is recommended to use the alternate bracketed syntax.
</p>
<p class="para">
<div class="example" id="example-238">
<p><strong>Example #2 Declaring multiple namespaces, bracketed syntax</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">AnotherProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
<p class="para">
It is strongly discouraged as a coding practice to combine multiple namespaces into
the same file. The primary use case is to combine multiple PHP scripts into the same
file.
</p>
<p class="para">
To combine global non-namespaced code with namespaced code, only bracketed syntax is
supported. Global code should be
encased in a namespace statement with no namespace name as in:
<div class="example" id="example-239">
<p><strong>Example #3 Declaring multiple namespaces and unnamespaced code</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// global code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">session_start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
<p class="para">
No PHP code may exist outside of the namespace brackets except for an opening
declare statement.
<div class="example" id="example-240">
<p><strong>Example #4 Declaring multiple namespaces and unnamespaced code</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">declare(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">encoding</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'UTF-8'</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// global code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">session_start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
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