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title="Ipv6" rel="Chapter" href="Ipv6.html"> <link title="Regexp" rel="Chapter" href="Regexp.html"><link title="Types" rel="Section" href="#types"> <link title="Classes" rel="Section" href="#classes"> <link title="Parsing MIME messages" rel="Section" href="#parsing"> <link title="Printing MIME Messages" rel="Section" href="#printing"> <title>Ocamlnet 3 Reference Manual : Netmime</title> </head> <body> <div class="navbar"><a class="pre" href="Mimestring.html" title="Mimestring">Previous</a> <a class="up" href="index.html" title="Index">Up</a> <a class="post" href="Netsendmail.html" title="Netsendmail">Next</a> </div> <h1>Module <a href="type_Netmime.html">Netmime</a></h1> <pre><span class="keyword">module</span> Netmime: <code class="code">sig</code> <a href="Netmime.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info"> Netmime contains high-level classes and functions to process mail and MIME messages. <p> <b>Contents</b> <p> <ul> <li><a href="Netmime.html#types"><i>Types</i></a></li> <li><a href="Netmime.html#classes"><i>Classes</i></a></li> <li><a href="Netmime.html#parsing"><i>Parsing MIME messages</i></a></li> <li><a href="Netmime.html#printing"><i>Printing MIME Messages</i></a></li> </ul> The tutorial has been moved to <a href="Netmime_tut.html"><code class="code">Netmime_tut</code></a>.<br> </div> <hr width="100%"> <br> <h1 id="types">Types</h1><br> <pre><span id="TYPEstore"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>store</span> = <code class="type">[ `File of string | `Memory ]</code> </pre> <div class="info"> Specifies where to store the body of a mail message. <code class="code">`Memory</code> means in-memory, <code class="code">`File name</code> means in the file <code class="code">name</code>. The body is stored in decoded form (i.e. without transfer encoding).<br> </div> <pre><span id="EXCEPTIONImmutable"><span class="keyword">exception</span> Immutable</span> <span class="keyword">of</span> <code class="type">string</code></pre> <div class="info"> Raised if it is tried to modify a read-only value. The string denotes the function or method where the incident happened.<br> </div> <br> MIME headers and bodies are defined in two steps. First the subtype describing read access is defined (<code class="code">mime_header_ro</code>, and <code class="code">mime_body_ro</code>), and after that the full class type including write access is defined (<code class="code">mime_header</code>, and <code class="code">mime_body</code>). <p> The idea is that you can write functions that take an ro value as input to indicate that they do not modify the value. For example: <p> <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> let number_of_fields (h:#mime_header_ro) = List.length (h#fields) </code></pre> <p> This function accepts both <code class="code">mime_header</code>, and <code class="code">mime_header_ro</code> values as input, but the typing ensures that the function cannot mutate anything. <p> There is another way to ensure that a header or body is not modified. The read-only flag can be set when creating the object, and this flag causes that all trials to modify the value will raise the exception <code class="code">Immutable</code>. Of course, such trials of mutation are only detected at run-time. <p> The advantage of the read-only flag is that it even works if mutation depends on a condition, but it can be ensured that this condition is never true. Furthermore, typing is much simpler (getting subtyping correct can be annoying).<br> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_header_ro"><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">mime_header_ro</a></span> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info"> This is the read-only version of a MIME header. </div> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_header"><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a></span> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info"> A MIME header with both read and write method. </div> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_body_ro"><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro-c.html">mime_body_ro</a></span> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro-c.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info"> This is the read-only version of a MIME body. </div> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_body"><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a></span> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info"> A MIME body with both read and write method. </div> <br> One can consider the pair <code class="code">(mime_header, mime_body)</code> as simple MIME message with one header and one body. Of course, this simple representation does not support multi-part messages (attachments). For that reason, the <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code> was invented: The body can be further structured as a sequence of parts that are complex messages themselves. <p> For example, a mail message with an attachment is usually represented as <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> (mail_header, `Parts [ (main_header, `Body main_body); (att_header, `Body att_body) ] ) </code></pre> <p> Here, <code class="code">mail_header</code> is the real header of the mail message. <code class="code">main_header</code> is the header of the main message, usually only containing the content type of <code class="code">main_body</code>, the body of the main message. The attachment has also its own <code class="code">att_header</code>, again usually only containing the content type, and the data of the attachment can be found in <code class="code">att_body</code>. <p> Nowadays, mails have often even a more complicated structure with <code class="code">`Parts</code> containing nested <code class="code">`Parts</code>. As <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code> is recursive, any kind of nesting can be easily represented.<br> <pre><span id="TYPEcomplex_mime_message"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>complex_mime_message</span> = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a> * <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_body">complex_mime_body</a></code> </pre> <pre><span id="TYPEcomplex_mime_body"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>complex_mime_body</span> = <code class="type">[ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a> | `Parts of <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a> list ]</code> </pre> <pre><span id="TYPEcomplex_mime_message_ro"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>complex_mime_message_ro</span> = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">mime_header_ro</a> * <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_body_ro">complex_mime_body_ro</a></code> </pre> <pre><span id="TYPEcomplex_mime_body_ro"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>complex_mime_body_ro</span> = <code class="type">[ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro-c.html">mime_body_ro</a><br> | `Parts of <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message_ro">complex_mime_message_ro</a> list ]</code> </pre> <div class="info"> The read-only view of a complex_mime_message<br> </div> <br> Note: <code class="code">`Parts []</code>, i.e. <code class="code">`Parts</code> together with an empty list, is considered as illegal. Such a value cannot be transformed into printable text.<br> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_message"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>mime_message</span> = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a> * [ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a> ]</code> </pre> <div class="info"> Simple MIME message, in a form that is compatible with complex ones.<br> </div> <pre><span id="TYPEmime_message_ro"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>mime_message_ro</span> = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">mime_header_ro</a> * [ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro-c.html">mime_body_ro</a> ]</code> </pre> <div class="info"> Read-only variant of simple messages<br> </div> <br> <h1 id="classes">Classes</h1><br> <pre><span name="TYPEbasic_mime_header"><span class="keyword">class</span> <a href="Netmime.basic_mime_header-c.html">basic_mime_header</a></span> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> (string * string) list -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a></code></pre><div class="info"> An implementation of <code class="code">mime_header</code>. </div> <pre><span name="TYPEmemory_mime_body"><span class="keyword">class</span> <a href="Netmime.memory_mime_body-c.html">memory_mime_body</a></span> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> string -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a></code></pre><div class="info"> An implementation of <code class="code">mime_body</code> where the value is stored in-memory. </div> <pre><span name="TYPEfile_mime_body"><span class="keyword">class</span> <a href="Netmime.file_mime_body-c.html">file_mime_body</a></span> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> ?fin:bool -> string -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a></code></pre><div class="info"> An implementation of <code class="code">mime_body</code> where the value is stored in an external file. </div> <br> <h1 id="parsing">Parsing MIME messages</h1><br> <pre><span id="VALread_mime_header"><span class="keyword">val</span> read_mime_header</span> : <code class="type">?unfold:bool -><br> ?strip:bool -> ?ro:bool -> <a href="Netstream.in_obj_stream-c.html">Netstream.in_obj_stream</a> -> <a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a></code></pre><div class="info"> Decodes the MIME header that begins at the current position of the netstream, and returns the header as class <code class="code">basic_mime_header</code>. After returning, the stream is advanced to the byte following the empty line terminating the header. <p> Example: To read the header at the beginning of the file "f", use: <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> let ch = new Netchannels.input_channel (open_in "f") in let stream = new Netstream.input_stream ch in let h = read_mime_header stream in ... stream#close_in(); (* no need to close ch *) </code></pre> <p> Note that although the <code class="code">stream</code> position after parsing is exactly known, the position of <code class="code">ch</code> cannot be predicted. <p> <br> </div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">unfold</code> : whether linefeeds are replaced by spaces in the values of the header fields (Note: defaults to <code class="code">false</code> here in contrast to <code class="code">Mimestring.scan_header</code>!)</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">strip</code> : whether whitespace at the beginning and at the end of the header fields is stripped</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : whether the returned header is read-only (default: false)</div> <br> Hint: To write the header <code class="code">h</code> into the channel <code class="code">ch</code>, use <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> Mimestring.write_header ch h#fields </code></pre> <p> Link: <a href="Mimestring.html#VALwrite_header"><code class="code">Mimestring.write_header</code></a><br> <pre><span id="TYPEmultipart_style"><span class="keyword">type</span> <code class="type"></code>multipart_style</span> = <code class="type">[ `Deep | `Flat | `None ]</code> </pre> <div class="info"> How to parse multipart messages:<ul> <li><code class="code">`None</code>: Do not handle multipart messages specially. Multipart bodies are not further decoded, and returned as <code class="code">`Body b</code> where <code class="code">b</code> is the transfer-encoded text representation.</li> <li><code class="code">`Flat</code>: If the top-level message is a multipart message, the parts are separated and returned as list. If the parts are again multipart messages, these inner multipart messages are not furher decoded and returned as <code class="code">`Body b</code>.</li> <li><code class="code">`Deep</code>: Multipart messages are recursively decoded and returned as tree structure.</li> </ul> This value determines how far the <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code> structure is created for a parsed MIME message. <code class="code">`None</code> means that no parts are decoded, and messages have always only a simple <code class="code">`Body b</code>, even if <code class="code">b</code> is in reality a multi-part body. With <code class="code">`Flat</code>, the top-level multi-part bodies are decoded (if found), and messages can have a structured <code class="code">`Parts [_, `Body b1; _, `Body b1; ...]</code> body. Finally, <code class="code">`Deep</code> allows that inner multi-part bodies are recursively decoded, and messages can have an arbitrarily complex form.<br> </div> <pre><span id="VALdecode_mime_body"><span class="keyword">val</span> decode_mime_body</span> : <code class="type">#<a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">mime_header_ro</a> -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info"> <code class="code">let ch' = decode_mime_body hdr ch</code>: According to the value of the Content-transfer-encoding header field in <code class="code">hdr</code> the encoded MIME body written to <code class="code">ch'</code> is decoded and transferred to <code class="code">ch</code>. <p> Handles 7bit, 8bit, binary, quoted-printable, base64. <p> Example: The file "f" contains base64-encoded data, and is to be decoded and to be stored in "g": <p> <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> let ch_f = new Netchannels.input_channel (open_in "f") in let ch_g = new Netchannels.output_channel (open_out "g") in let hdr = new basic_mime_header ["content-transfer-encoding", "base64" ] in let ch = decode_mime_body hdr ch_g in ch # output_channel ch_f; ch # close_out(); ch_g # close_out(); ch_f # close_in(); </code></pre> <p> Note: This function is internally used by <code class="code">read_mime_message</code> to decode bodies. There is usually no need to call it directly.<br> </div> <pre><span id="VALstorage"><span class="keyword">val</span> storage</span> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -><br> ?fin:bool -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEstore">store</a> -> <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a> * <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info"> Creates a new storage facility for a mime body according to <code class="code">store</code>. This function can be used to build the <code class="code">storage_style</code> argument of the class <code class="code">read_mime_message</code> (below). For example, this is useful to store large attachments in external files, as in: <p> <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> let storage_style hdr = let filename = hdr ... (* extract from hdr *) in storage (`File filename) </code></pre> <p> <br> </div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : whether the returned mime_bodies are read-only or not. Note that it is always possible to write into the body using the returned out_obj_channel regardless of the value of ~ro. Default: false</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">fin</code> : whether to finalize bodies stored in files. Default: false</div> <pre><span id="VALread_mime_message"><span class="keyword">val</span> read_mime_message</span> : <code class="type">?unfold:bool -><br> ?strip:bool -><br> ?ro:bool -><br> ?multipart_style:<a href="Netmime.html#TYPEmultipart_style">multipart_style</a> -><br> ?storage_style:(<a href="Netmime.mime_header-c.html">mime_header</a> -><br> <a href="Netmime.mime_body-c.html">mime_body</a> * <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a>) -><br> <a href="Netstream.in_obj_stream-c.html">Netstream.in_obj_stream</a> -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a></code></pre><div class="info"> Decodes the MIME message that begins at the current position of the passed netstream. It is expected that the message continues until EOF of the netstream. <p> Multipart messages are decoded as specified by <code class="code">multipart_style</code> (see above). <p> Message bodies with content-transfer-encodings of 7bit, 8bit, binary, base64, and quoted-printable can be processed. The bodies are stored without content-transfer-encoding (i.e. in decoded form), but the content-transfer-encoding header field is not removed from the header. <p> The <code class="code">storage_style</code> function determines where every message body is stored. The corresponding header of the body is passed to the function as argument; the result of the function is a pair of a new <code class="code">mime_body</code> and an <code class="code">out_obj_channel</code> writing into this body. You can create such a pair by calling <code class="code">storage</code> (above). <p> By default, the <code class="code">storage_style</code> is <code class="code">storage ?ro `Memory</code> for every header. Here, the designator <code class="code">`Memory</code> means that the body will be stored in an O'Caml string. The designator <code class="code">`File fn</code> would mean that the body will be stored in the file <code class="code">fn</code>. The file would be created if it did not yet exist, and it would be overwritten if it did already exist. <p> Note that the <code class="code">storage_style</code> function is called for every non-multipart body part. <p> Large message bodies (> maximum string length) are supported if the bodies are stored in files. The memory consumption is optimized for this case, and usually only a small constant amount of memory is needed. <p> Example: <p> Parse the MIME message stored in the file f: <p> <pre class="codepre"><code class="code"> let m = read_mime_message (new input_stream (new input_channel (open_in f))) </code></pre> <p> <br> </div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">unfold</code> : whether linefeeds are replaced by spaces in the values of the header fields (Note: defaults to <code class="code">false</code> here in contrast to <a href="Mimestring.html#VALscan_header"><code class="code">Mimestring.scan_header</code></a>!)</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">strip</code> : whether whitespace at the beginning and at the end of the header fields is stripped</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : Whether the created MIME headers are read-only or not. Furthermore, the default <code class="code">storage_style</code> uses this parameter for the MIME bodies, too. However, the MIME bodies may have a different read-only flag in general.</div> <br> <h1 id="printing">Printing MIME Messages</h1><br> <pre><span id="VALencode_mime_body"><span class="keyword">val</span> encode_mime_body</span> : <code class="type">?crlf:bool -><br> #<a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro-c.html">mime_header_ro</a> -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info"> <code class="code">let ch' = encode_mime_body hdr ch</code>: According to the value of the Content-transfer-encoding header field in <code class="code">hdr</code> the unencoded MIME body written to ch' is encoded and transferred to ch. <p> Handles 7bit, 8bit, binary, quoted-printable, base64. <p> For an example, see <code class="code">decode_mime_body</code> which works in a similar way but performs decoding instead of encoding. <p> <br> </div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">crlf</code> : if set (this is by default the case) CR/LF will be used for end-of-line (eol) termination, if not set LF will be used. For 7bit, 8bit and binary encoding the existing eol delimiters are not rewritten, so this option has only an effect for quoted-printable and base64.</div> <pre><span id="VALwrite_mime_message"><span class="keyword">val</span> write_mime_message</span> : <code class="type">?wr_header:bool -><br> ?wr_body:bool -><br> ?nr:int -><br> ?ret_boundary:string Pervasives.ref -><br> ?crlf:bool -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel-c.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info"> Writes the MIME message to the output channel. The content-transfer- encoding of the leaves is respected, and their bodies are encoded accordingly. The content-transfer-encoding of multipart messages is always "fixed", i.e. set to "7bit", "8bit", or "binary" depending on the contents. <p> The function fails if multipart messages do not have a multipart content type field (i.e. the content type does not begin with "multipart"). If only the boundary parameter is missing, a good boundary parameter is added to the content type. "Good" means here that it is impossible that the boundary string occurs in the message body if the content-transfer-encoding is quoted-printable or base64, and that such an occurrence is very unlikely if the body is not encoded. If the whole content type field is missing, a "multipart/mixed" type with a boundary parameter is added to the printed header. <p> Note that already existing boundaries are used, no matter whether they are of good quality or not. <p> No other header fields are added, deleted or modified. The mentioned modifications are _not_ written back to the passed MIME message but only added to the generated message text. <p> It is possible in some cases that the boundary does not work (both the existing boundary, and the added boundary). This causes that a wrong and unparseable MIME message is written. In order to ensure a correct MIME message, it is recommended to parse the written text, and to compare the structure of the message trees. It is, however, very unlikely that a problem arises. <p> Note that if the passed message is a simple message like (_,`Body _), and if no content-transfer-encoding is set, the written message might not end with a linefeed character. <p> <br> </div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">wr_header</code> : If true, the outermost header is written. Inner headers of the message parts are written unless ~wr_body=false.</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">wr_body</code> : If true, the body of the whole message is written; if false, no body is written at all.</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">nr</code> : This argument sets the counter that is included in generated boundaries to a certain minimum value.</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">ret_boundary</code> : if passed, the boundary of the outermost multipart message is written to this reference. (Internally used.)</div> <div class="param_info"><code class="code">crlf</code> : if set (this is by default the case) CR/LF will be used for end-of-line (eol) termination, if not set LF will be used. The eol separator is used for the header, the multipart framing, and for bodies encoded as quoted-printable or base64. Other eol separators are left untouched.</div> </body></html>