==========================
Docutils Front-End Tools
==========================
:Author: David Goodger
:Contact: docutils-develop@lists.sourceforge.net
:Revision: $Revision: 7677 $
:Date: $Date: 2013-07-03 11:39:52 +0200 (Wed, 03 Jul 2013) $
:Copyright: This document has been placed in the public domain.
.. contents::
--------------
Introduction
--------------
Once the Docutils package is unpacked, you will discover a "``tools``"
directory containing several front ends for common Docutils
processing. Rather than a single all-purpose program, Docutils has
many small front ends, each specialized for a specific "Reader" (which
knows how to interpret a file in context), a "Parser" (which
understands the syntax of the text), and a "Writer" (which knows how
to generate a specific data format).
Most front ends have common options and the same command-line usage
pattern::
toolname [options] [<source> [<destination]]
(The exceptions are buildhtml.py_ and rstpep2html.py_.) See
rst2html.py_ for concrete examples. Each tool has a "``--help``"
option which lists the `command-line options`_ and arguments it
supports. Processing can also be customized with `configuration
files`_.
The two arguments, "source" and "destination", are optional. If only
one argument (source) is specified, the standard output (stdout) is
used for the destination. If no arguments are specified, the standard
input (stdin) is used for the source as well.
Getting Help
============
First, try the "``--help``" option each front-end tool has.
Users who have questions or need assistance with Docutils or
reStructuredText should post a message to the Docutils-users_ mailing
list.
.. _Docutils-users: mailing-lists.html#docutils-users
-----------
The Tools
-----------
HTML-Generating Tools
=====================
buildhtml.py
------------
:Readers: Standalone, PEP
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writers: HTML, PEP/HTML
Use ``buildhtml.py`` to generate .html from all the .txt files
(including PEPs) in each <directory> given, and their subdirectories
too. (Use the ``--local`` option to skip subdirectories.)
Usage::
buildhtml.py [options] [<directory> ...]
After unpacking the Docutils package, the following shell commands
will generate HTML for all included documentation::
cd docutils/tools
buildhtml.py ..
For official releases, the directory may be called "docutils-X.Y",
where "X.Y" is the release version. Alternatively::
cd docutils
tools/buildhtml.py --config=tools/docutils.conf
The current directory (and all subdirectories) is chosen by default if
no directory is named. Some files may generate system messages
(docs/user/rst/demo.txt contains intentional errors); use the
``--quiet`` option to suppress all warnings. The ``--config`` option
ensures that the correct settings are in place (a ``docutils.conf``
`configuration file`_ in the current directory is picked up
automatically). Command-line options may be used to override config
file settings or replace them altogether.
rst2html.py
-----------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: HTML
The ``rst2html.py`` front end reads standalone reStructuredText source
files and produces HTML 4 (XHTML 1) output compatible with modern
browsers that support cascading stylesheets (CSS). A stylesheet is
required for proper rendering; a simple but complete stylesheet is
installed and used by default (see Stylesheets_ below).
For example, to process a reStructuredText file "``test.txt``" into
HTML::
rst2html.py test.txt test.html
Now open the "``test.html``" file in your favorite browser to see the
results. To get a footer with a link to the source file, date & time
of processing, and links to the Docutils project, add some options::
rst2html.py -stg test.txt test.html
Stylesheets
```````````
``rst2html.py`` inserts into the generated HTML a cascading stylesheet
(or a link to a stylesheet, when passing the "``--link-stylesheet``"
option). A stylesheet is required for proper rendering. The default
stylesheet (``docutils/writers/html4css1/html4css1.css``, located in
the installation directory) is provided for basic use. To use a
different stylesheet, you must specify the stylesheet's location with
a "``--stylesheet``" (for a URL) or "``--stylesheet-path``" (for a
local file) command-line option, or with `configuration file`_
settings (e.g. ``./docutils.conf`` or ``~/.docutils``). To experiment
with styles, please see the `guide to writing HTML (CSS) stylesheets
for Docutils`__.
__ ../howto/html-stylesheets.html
rstpep2html.py
--------------
:Reader: PEP
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: PEP/HTML
``rstpep2html.py`` reads a new-style PEP (marked up with
reStructuredText) and produces HTML. It requires a template file and
a stylesheet. By default, it makes use of a "``pep-html-template``"
file and the "``pep.css``" stylesheet (both in the
``docutils/writers/pep_html/`` directory), but these can be overridden
by command-line options or configuration files.
For example, to process a PEP into HTML::
cd <path-to-docutils>/docs/peps
rstpep2html.py pep-0287.txt pep-0287.html
rst2s5.py
---------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: S5/HTML
The ``rst2s5.py`` front end reads standalone reStructuredText source
files and produces (X)HTML output compatible with S5_, the "Simple
Standards-based Slide Show System" by Eric Meyer. A theme is required
for proper rendering; several are distributed with Docutils and others
are available; see Themes_ below.
For example, to process a reStructuredText file "``slides.txt``" into
S5/HTML::
rst2s5.py slides.txt slides.html
Now open the "``slides.html``" file in your favorite browser, switch
to full-screen mode, and enjoy the results.
.. _S5: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
Themes
``````
Each S5 theme consists of a directory containing several files:
stylesheets, JavaScript, and graphics. These are copied into a
``ui/<theme>`` directory beside the generated HTML. A theme is chosen
using the "``--theme``" option (for themes that come with Docutils) or
the "``--theme-url``" option (for themes anywhere). For example, the
"medium-black" theme can be specified as follows::
rst2s5.py --theme medium-black slides.txt slides.html
The theme will be copied to the ``ui/medium-black`` directory.
Several themes are included with Docutils:
``default``
This is a simplified version of S5's default theme.
:Main content: black serif text on a white background
:Text capacity: about 13 lines
:Headers: light blue, bold sans-serif text on a dark blue
background; titles are limited to one line
:Footers: small, gray, bold sans-serif text on a dark blue
background
``small-white``
(Small text on a white background.)
:Main content: black serif text on a white background
:Text capacity: about 15 lines
:Headers: black, bold sans-serif text on a white background;
titles wrap
:Footers: small, dark gray, bold sans-serif text on a white
background
``small-black``
:Main content: white serif text on a black background
:Text capacity: about 15 lines
:Headers: white, bold sans-serif text on a black background;
titles wrap
:Footers: small, light gray, bold sans-serif text on a black
background
``medium-white``
:Main content: black serif text on a white background
:Text capacity: about 9 lines
:Headers: black, bold sans-serif text on a white background;
titles wrap
:Footers: small, dark gray, bold sans-serif text on a white
background
``medium-black``
:Main content: white serif text on a black background
:Text capacity: about 9 lines
:Headers: white, bold sans-serif text on a black background;
titles wrap
:Footers: small, light gray, bold sans-serif text on a black
background
``big-white``
:Main content: black, bold sans-serif text on a white background
:Text capacity: about 5 lines
:Headers: black, bold sans-serif text on a white background;
titles wrap
:Footers: not displayed
``big-black``
:Main content: white, bold sans-serif text on a black background
:Text capacity: about 5 lines
:Headers: white, bold sans-serif text on a black background;
titles wrap
:Footers: not displayed
If a theme directory contains a file named ``__base__``, the name of
the theme's base theme will be read from it. Files are accumulated
from the named theme, any base themes, and the "default" theme (which
is the implicit base of all themes).
For details, please see `Easy Slide Shows With reStructuredText &
S5 <slide-shows.html>`_.
LaTeX-Generating Tools
======================
rst2latex.py
------------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: LaTeX2e
The ``rst2latex.py`` front end reads standalone reStructuredText
source files and produces LaTeX2e output. For example, to process a
reStructuredText file "``test.txt``" into LaTeX::
rst2latex.py test.txt test.tex
The output file "``test.tex``" should then be processed with ``latex``
or ``pdflatex`` to get a document in DVI, PostScript or PDF format for
printing or on-screen viewing.
For details see `Generating LaTeX with Docutils`_.
XML-Generating Tools
====================
rst2xml.py
----------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: XML (Docutils native)
The ``rst2xml.py`` front end produces Docutils-native XML output.
This can be transformed with standard XML tools such as XSLT
processors into arbitrary final forms. An example is the xml2rst_ processor
in the Docutils sandbox.
.. _xml2rst: ../../../sandbox/xml2rst
ODF/OpenOffice-Generating Tools
===============================
rst2odt.py
----------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: ODF/.odt
The ``rst2odt.py`` front end reads standalone reStructuredText
source files and produces ODF/.odt files that can be read, edited,
printed, etc with OpenOffice ``oowriter``
(http://www.openoffice.org/). A stylesheet file is required. A
stylesheet file is an OpenOffice .odt file containing definitions
of the styles required for ``rst2odt.py``. You can learn more
about how to use ``rst2odt.py``, the styles used ``rst2odt.py``,
etc from `Odt Writer for Docutils <odt.html>`_.
reStructuredText-Generating Tools
=================================
Currently, there is no reStructuredText writer in Docutils and therefore
an ``rst2rst.py`` tool is still missing.
To generate reStructuredText documents with Docutils, you can use
the XML (Docutils native) writer and the xml2rst_ processor.
Testing/Debugging Tools
=======================
rst2pseudoxml.py
----------------
:Reader: Standalone
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: Pseudo-XML
``rst2pseudoxml.py`` is used for debugging the Docutils "Reader to
Transform to Writer" pipeline. It produces a compact pretty-printed
"pseudo-XML", where nesting is indicated by indentation (no end-tags).
External attributes for all elements are output, and internal
attributes for any leftover "pending" elements are also given.
quicktest.py
------------
:Reader: N/A
:Parser: reStructuredText
:Writer: N/A
The ``quicktest.py`` tool is used for testing the reStructuredText
parser. It does not use a Docutils Reader or Writer or the standard
Docutils command-line options. Rather, it does its own I/O and calls
the parser directly. No transforms are applied to the parsed
document. Various forms output are possible:
- Pretty-printed pseudo-XML (default)
- Test data (Python list of input and pseudo-XML output strings;
useful for creating new test cases)
- Pretty-printed native XML
- Raw native XML (with or without a stylesheet reference)
---------------
Customization
---------------
Command-Line Options
====================
Each front-end tool supports command-line options for one-off
customization. For persistent customization, use `configuration
files`_. Command-line options take priority over configuration file
settings.
Use the "--help" option on each of the front ends to list the
command-line options it supports. Command-line options and their
corresponding configuration file entry names are listed in the
`Docutils Configuration Files`_ document.
.. _configuration file:
Configuration Files
===================
Configuration files are used for persistent customization; they can be
set once and take effect every time you use a front-end tool.
For details, see `Docutils Configuration Files`_.
.. _Docutils Configuration Files: config.html
.. _Generating LaTeX with Docutils: latex.html
..
Local Variables:
mode: indented-text
indent-tabs-mode: nil
sentence-end-double-space: t
fill-column: 70
End:
