<HTML> <HEAD> <!-- Created with AOLpress/2.0 --> <!-- AP: Created on: 16-Apr-2003 --> <!-- AP: Last modified: 3-Feb-2010 --> <TITLE>A meandering bibliography of font related things</TITLE> <LINK REL="icon" href="fftype16.png"> <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="FontForge.css"> </HEAD> <BODY> <DIV id="in"> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="bibliography.html#Formats">Font File Formats</A> <LI> <A HREF="bibliography.html#Unicode">Unicode</A> <LI> <A HREF="bibliography.html#Encodings">Other Encodings</A> <LI> <A HREF="#Books">Books</A> <LI> <A HREF="index.html#tools">Font Related tools</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/iso639.htm">Language codes</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://ftp.ics.uci.edu/pub/websoft/wwwstat/country-codes.txt">Country codes</A> </UL> <P> <HR> <H2> Font File <A NAME="Formats">Formats</A> </H2> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/T1_SPEC.PDF">PostScript Type1</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5015.Type1_Supp.pdf">Supplement</A> (discussion of multiple master fonts & counter hints) <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/T1Format.pdf">Format</A> <LI> <A HREF=" http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html">PostScript unicode character names</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf">PostScript Language Reference Manual</A> </UL> <LI> PostScript Multiple Master <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5015.Type1_Supp.pdf">Type1 MM format specification (in the Type1 Supplement)</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5091.Design_MM_Fonts.pdf">Design considerations</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5088.FontNames.pdf">Naming requirements</A> <LI> Type2 (In March of 2000, Adobe removed multiple master support from Type2 and CFF files) <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://ftp.ktug.or.kr/obsolete/info/adobe/devtechnotes/pdffiles/5177.Type2.pdf">Type2 MM format specification</A> (In <FONT COLOR="Red"><STRONG><BIG>OBSOLETE</BIG></STRONG></FONT> type2 spec) <LI> <A HREF="http://ftp.ktug.or.kr/obsolete/info/adobe/devtechnotes/pdffiles/5176.CFF.pdf">CFF MM format specification</A> (In <FONT COLOR="Red"><STRONG><BIG>OBSOLETE</BIG></STRONG></FONT> CFF spec) </UL> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5014.CMap_CIDFont_Spec.pdf">CID keyed fonts</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5177.Type2.pdf">PostSript Type2</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5176.CFF.pdf">Compact Font Format Specification</A> (CFF) <LI> For more information see under <A HREF="#OpenType">OpenType fonts</A> </UL> <LI> PostScript Type3 <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf">PostScript Language Reference Manual 3.0</A> (see section 5.7) </UL> <LI> PostScript Type14 (Chameleon) <UL> <LI> The PLRM (5.8.1) documents that this font format is undocumented. </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5012.Type42_Spec.pdf">PostScript Type42</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/afdko/topic_feature_file_syntax.html">Adobe Feature File (fea)</A> <UL> <LI> (<A HREF="featurefile.html">FontForge's implementation </A>of this format is a superset of what Adobe accepts, and a superset of what Adobe documents. Neither can completely describe opentype. Adobe claims they will update the feat spec in late 2007). </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5004.AFM_Spec.pdf">AFM</A> <LI> PFM <UL> <LI> I can't find microsoft's docs for pfm files any more, I think the format may be obsolete having been replaced by ntf. <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5178.PFM.pdf">Adobe's notes on PFM files for two byte fonts</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://homepages.muenchen.org/bm134751/pfm_fmt_en.html">Third Party description</A> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/graphics/hh/graphics/pscript_7twn.asp">NTF</A> <UL> <LI> This format is supposed to replace the pfm files above in windows >2000. I can't find any docs on it. </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5005.BDF_Spec.pdf">BDF</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.5.0/doc/xlfd.txt">X11 Long Font Descriptor </A>spec defines standard X BDF Properties <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5006.ABF_Spec.pdf">ABF</A> -- Binary format <LI> <A HREF="BDFgrey.html">Extensions to BDF for greymap support</A> </UL> <LI> True Type Standard<BR> (Sadly different sources have slightly different definitions of less important parts of the standard, be warned) <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/">Apple</A> (I find Apple's prose difficult, and sometimes misleading. I suggest using a different source when possible) <LI> <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/typography/tt/tt.htm">Microsoft</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.truetype.demon.co.uk/ttspec.htm">random useful site</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/opentype/otff.jsp">TTC</A> -- True Type Font Collection </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6.html">Apple Advanced Typography</A> extensions to TrueType <LI> Apple distortable font (variation tables) -- vaguely equivalent to Multiple Master fonts for TrueType <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6fvar.html">fvar</A> (font variations) <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6gvar.html">gvar</A> (glyph variations) <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6cvar.html">cvar</A> (cvt variations) <LI> <A HREF="http://developer.apple.com/fonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6avar.html">avar</A> (axis variations) </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_spec.html" NAME="OpenType">OpenType</A> (postscript embedded in a truetype wrapper, or advanced typography tables in a truetype wrapper) <UL> <LI> PostScript <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5177.Type2.pdf">Type2</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5176.CFF.pdf">CFF</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_spec.html">Adobe's version of file format</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/gdk/topic.html">SING Gaiji extention</A> (more information is available in the documentation subdirectory of the Glyphlet GDK) </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/default.htm">Microsoft's version</A> <LI> Possible source of script codes for scripts not specified by MS/Adobe: <A HREF="http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/document/dis15924.pdf">ISO 15924</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/lcd-all.mspx">Microsoft's full list of locale/language IDs</A> (not all are supported, some may never be) </UL> <LI> Open Font Format Specification (ISO/IEC 14496-22:2007)<BR> (based on OpenType 1.4 but an international standard) <LI> <A HREF="ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/Development_Kits/QuickDraw_GX/Documents.sit.hqx">Apple's sfnt wrapper around a PS type1 font</A> <LI> <A HREF="bitmaponlysfnt.html">Various bitmap only sfnt formats</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://people.mozilla.com/~jkew/woff/woff-2009-09-16.html">WOFF</A> -- Web Open Font Format, mozilla's compressed sfnt format <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5012.Type42_Spec.pdf">PostScript Type42</A> (the opposite of opentype, it's truetype embedded in postscript) <LI> SVG 1.1 <A HREF="http://www.w3c.org/TR/SVG11/fonts.html">fonts</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.w3c.org/TR/SVG12/" TARGET="font-hinting">SVG 1.2 font hinting proposal</A> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="macformats.html">Macintosh font formats</A> <LI> Windows raster font formats <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.technoir.nu/hplx/hplx-l/9708/msg00404.html">FNT -- Windows version 2</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;en-us;q65123">FNT -- Windows version 3</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.csn.ul.ie/~caolan/publink/winresdump/winresdump/doc/resfmt.txt">Some info on FON file format</A> </UL> <LI> X11 pcf format <UL> <LI> Sadly there is no real standard for this. <A HREF="http://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.4/xc/lib/font/bitmap/">There's the source code used by X11</A>. <LI> <A HREF="pcf-format.html">So I wrote my own description...</A> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-1.html">PC Screen Font (psf/psfu/psf2)</A> <LI> TeX font formats <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/local/mfware/pktype.web">pk packed bitmap format</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/mfware/gftype.web">gf generic font (bitmap) format</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/knuth/texware/tftopl.web">tfm metrics format</A> <LI> To make these viewable you probably want to do something like:<BR> $ weave pktype.web<BR> $ pdftex pktype.tex </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&cat_id=RenderingGraphite">SIL Graphite Fonts</A> (smart font extension to TrueType. Additional tables containing rules for composing, reordering, spacing, etc. glyphs) <LI> Palm pilot fonts (pdb files) <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.palmos.com/dev/support/docs/palmos/PalmOSReference/Font.html">font record format</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.palmos.com/dev/support/docs/fileformats/Intro.html#970318">pdb file format</A> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.bitstream.com/categories/developer/truedoc/pfrspec.html">OpenDoc</A>. Sadly Proprietary so I shan't support it. <LI> <A HREF="http://www.pinknoise.demon.co.uk/Docs/Arc/Fonts/Formats.html">Acorn RISC OS font format</A> (these fonts are often zipped up with a non-standard zip). <LI> Ikarus IK format is documented in Peter Karow's book <I>Digital Formats for Typefaces,</I> Appendices G&I. (copies may still be available from <A HREF="http://www.urwpp.de/english/home.htm">URW++</A>)<BR> Interestingly the exact format of a curve is up to the interpretation program. <LI> <A HREF="sfdformat.html">sfd</A> files (FontForge's internal spline font database format) <LI> <A HREF="cidmapformat.html">cidmap</A> files (Fontforge's format for mapping cids to unicode) <LI> XML formats <UL> <LI> TTX -- TrueType XML <LI> <A HREF="http://unifiedfontobject.org/">UFO</A> & <A HREF="http://unifiedfontobject.org/storageformats/glif.html">GLIF</A> -- Unified font objects & Glyph Interchange Format </UL> </UL> <P> Other font links <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/font/5040.Download_Fonts.pdf">Adobe's downloadable font spec</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/ftechnotes.jsp">Adobe's technical notes</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/acrobat/sdk/public/docs/FontPolicies.pdf">Adobe's Font Policies document</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf">PostScript reference manual</A> <UL> <LI> (old<A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/psrefman.pdf"> reference manual</A>) </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fontpack/default.htm">Microsoft's downloadable fonts</A> <LI> <A HREF="ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/adobe/samples/">Downloadable PS CID CJK fonts</A> (this site also has cmap files)<A HREF="ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe/samples/"><BR> others</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrasianfontpack.html">Downloadable OTF CID CJK fonts</A> (this site also has cmap files) <LI> <A HREF="ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe">Most recent cid2code tables that I'm aware of</A> <LI> PANOSE <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.agfamonotype.com/hardware/pan1.asp">From AGFA</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/gdi/fontext_48aa.asp">From MS</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.fonts.com/hp/panose/greybook/frame.htm">Panose font classification scheme</A> </UL> </UL> <H2> <A NAME="Unicode">Unicode</A> </H2> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/">Unicode consortium</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CORPCHAR.TXT">Apple's corporate use extensions</A> (0xF850-0xF8FE) <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/type/corporateuse.txt">Adobe's corporate use extensions</A> (0xF634-0F7FF) (also includes some of Apple's codes above) <LI> <A HREF="corpchar.html">FontForge's corporate use extensions </A>(0xF500-0xF580) <LI> <A HREF="http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/">A registry of code points in the private area </A>(does not include any of Adobe's or Apple's codepoints) <LI> <A HREF="http://www.ams.org/STIX/bnb/stix-tbl.asc-2003-10-10">American Mathematical Society's corporate use extensions</A> (0xE000-0xF7D7) <LI> MicroSoft uses 0xF000-0xF0FF in their "Symbol" encoding (3,0) when they want to an uninterpretted encoding vector (ie. a mapping from byte to glyph with no meaning attached to the mapping) </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://hapax.qc.ca/">Unicode en français<IMG SRC="Tricolor.png" WIDTH="39" HEIGHT="26"></A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/charts/">Pictures of the characters</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt">Unicode script assignments</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/iso15924-en.html">ISO 15924 script list</A> </UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Unicode/Bloopers.html">Unicode Bloopers</A> <LI> <A HREF=" http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html">PostScript Unicode names</A> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/opentype/aglfn13.txt">Glyph names for new fonts</A> (these are the names FontForge automatically assigns to glyphs) <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/opentype/glyphlist.txt">Adobe Glyph Names</A> provides further synonyms <LI> <A HREF="http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph2.html">Glyph name limitations</A> </UL> <LI> Linux issues <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html">FAQ</A> <LI> <A HREF="ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html">HOWTO</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://bobo.fuw.edu.pl/cgi-bin/man2html/usr/share/man/man7/unicode.7.gz">Linux Unicode man page</A> </UL> </UL> <H3> Other <A NAME="Encodings">Encodings</A> </H3> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/wincp.asp">Microsoft's Codepages</A>, and at the <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/">unicode site</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/">Mac Encodings</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://devworld.apple.com/techpubs/mac/Text/Text-516.html">MacRoman</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/fullchart.html">IPA</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/unicode/library/u-china.html?dwzone=unicode">GB 18030</A> <LI> <A HREF="http://www.tug.org/fontname/html/Encodings.html">TeX latin encodings</A> (possibly also on your local machine in <CODE>/usr/share/texmf/dvips/base</CODE>) <LI> <A HREF="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/t2/enc-maps/encfiles/">TeX cyrillic encodings</A> </UL> <P> <HR> <H2> <A NAME="Books">Books</A> </H2> <H3> <A NAME="FontForge">FontForge</A> </H3> <UL> <LI> <IMG src="http://images-eu.amazon.com/images/P/284177273X.08.MZZZZZZZ.jpg" width=102 height=140 vspace=3 hspace=5 align=left border=0 alt="Fontes et Codages"> <A HREF="http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/284177273X/qid%3D1096481415/402-5423443-8577732">Haralambous, Yannis, 2004, <I>Fontes & Codages</I></A><BR Clear=All> <LI> <IMG src="http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0596102429.01._AA240_SCLZZZZZZZ_V40077239_.jpg" width=140 height=140 vspace=3 hspace=5 align=left border=0 alt="Fontes et Codages"> <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/Fonts-Encodings-Yannis-Haralambous/dp/0596102429/sr=1-1/qid=1158862933/ref=sr_1_1/103-9032945-8593416?ie=UTF8&s=books">Haralambous, Yannis (translated: P Scott Horne), 2006, <I>Fonts & Encodings</I></A><BR Clear=All> </UL> <H3> <A NAME="Typography">Typography</A> </H3> <H3> Font <A NAME="editor">editor</A> concepts </H3> <P> Karow, Peter, 1994, <I>Font Technology, Description and Tools</I> <P> Karow, Peter, 1987, <I>Digital Formats for Typefaces</I> <H3> <A NAME="TeX">TeX</A> </H3> <P> Hoenig, Alan <I>TeX Unbound: LaTeX and TeX Strategies for Fonts, Graphics & More</I> <P> Knuth, Donald, 1979, <I>TeX and METAFONT, New Directions in Typesetting</I> <H2> Interview </H2> <P> I was interviewed by the Open Source Publishing people at <A HREF="http://www.libregraphicsmeeting.org/">LGM2</A>. There's an <A HREF="http://ospublish.constantvzw.org/?p=221">mp3 file of the interview available on their site.</A> <P> <P ALIGN=Center> -- <A HREF="nvd.html">Prev</A> -- <A HREF="overview.html" TARGET="_top">TOC</A> -- </DIV> </BODY></HTML>