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>Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</TD
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="PGSTATSTATEMENTS"
>F.28. pg_stat_statements</A
></H1
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> module provides a means for
tracking execution statistics of all SQL statements executed by a server.
</P
><P
> The module must be loaded by adding <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> to
<A
HREF="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-SHARED-PRELOAD-LIBRARIES"
>shared_preload_libraries</A
> in
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>, because it requires additional shared memory.
This means that a server restart is needed to add or remove the module.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN154968"
>F.28.1. The <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> View</A
></H2
><P
> The statistics gathered by the module are made available via a system view
named <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
>. This view contains one row for
each distinct query, database ID, and user ID (up to the maximum
number of distinct statements that the module can track). The columns
of the view are shown in <A
HREF="pgstatstatements.html#PGSTATSTATEMENTS-COLUMNS"
>Table F-20</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="PGSTATSTATEMENTS-COLUMNS"
></A
><P
><B
>Table F-20. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> Columns</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>References</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>userid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-authid.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_authid</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of user who executed the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>dbid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-database.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_database</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>OID of database in which the statement was executed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>query</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Text of a representative statement (up to <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITY-QUERY-SIZE"
>track_activity_query_size</A
> bytes)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>calls</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Number of times executed</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>total_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total time spent in the statement, in milliseconds</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>rows</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of rows retrieved or affected by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>shared_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of shared block cache hits by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>shared_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of shared blocks read by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>shared_blks_dirtied</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of shared blocks dirtied by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>shared_blks_written</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of shared blocks written by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>local_blks_hit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of local block cache hits by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>local_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of local blocks read by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>local_blks_dirtied</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of local blocks dirtied by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>local_blks_written</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of local blocks written by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>temp_blks_read</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of temp blocks read by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>temp_blks_written</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
>Total number of temp blocks written by the statement</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blk_read_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> Total time the statement spent reading blocks, in milliseconds
(if <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING"
>track_io_timing</A
> is enabled, otherwise zero)
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>blk_write_time</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>double precision</TT
></TD
><TD
> </TD
><TD
> Total time the statement spent writing blocks, in milliseconds
(if <A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING"
>track_io_timing</A
> is enabled, otherwise zero)
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> This view, and the function <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_statements_reset</CODE
>,
are available only in databases they have been specifically installed into
by installing the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> extension.
However, statistics are tracked across all databases of the server
whenever the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> module is loaded
into the server, regardless of presence of the view.
</P
><P
> For security reasons, non-superusers are not allowed to see the text of
queries executed by other users. They can see the statistics, however,
if the view has been installed in their database.
</P
><P
> Plannable queries (that is, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SELECT</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>INSERT</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DELETE</TT
>) are combined into a single
<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> entry whenever they have identical query
structures according to an internal hash calculation. Typically, two
queries will be considered the same for this purpose if they are
semantically equivalent except for the values of literal constants
appearing in the query. Utility commands (that is, all other commands)
are compared strictly on the basis of their textual query strings, however.
</P
><P
> When a constant's value has been ignored for purposes of matching the
query to other queries, the constant is replaced by <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>?</TT
>
in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> display. The rest of the query
text is that of the first query that had the particular hash value
associated with the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> entry.
</P
><P
> In some cases, queries with visibly different texts might get merged into a
single <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> entry. Normally this will happen
only for semantically equivalent queries, but there is a small chance of
hash collisions causing unrelated queries to be merged into one entry.
(This cannot happen for queries belonging to different users or databases,
however.)
</P
><P
> Since the hash value is computed on the post-parse-analysis representation
of the queries, the opposite is also possible: queries with identical texts
might appear as separate entries, if they have different meanings as a
result of factors such as different <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>search_path</TT
> settings.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN155139"
>F.28.2. Functions</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_statements_reset() returns void</CODE
></DT
><DD
><P
> <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_stat_statements_reset</CODE
> discards all statistics
gathered so far by <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
>.
By default, this function can only be executed by superusers.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN155151"
>F.28.3. Configuration Parameters</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.max</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.max</TT
> is the maximum number of
statements tracked by the module (i.e., the maximum number of rows
in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_stat_statements</TT
> view). If more distinct
statements than that are observed, information about the least-executed
statements is discarded.
The default value is 1000.
This parameter can only be set at server start.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.track</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>enum</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.track</TT
> controls which statements
are counted by the module.
Specify <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>top</TT
> to track top-level statements (those issued
directly by clients), <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>all</TT
> to also track nested statements
(such as statements invoked within functions), or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>none</TT
> to
disable statement statistics collection.
The default value is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>top</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.track_utility</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.track_utility</TT
> controls whether
utility commands are tracked by the module. Utility commands are
all those other than <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SELECT</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>INSERT</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DELETE</TT
>.
The default value is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
>.
Only superusers can change this setting.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.save</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.save</TT
> specifies whether to
save statement statistics across server shutdowns.
If it is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>off</TT
> then statistics are not saved at
shutdown nor reloaded at server start.
The default value is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
>.
This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
file or on the server command line.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> The module requires additional shared memory amounting to about
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.max</TT
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>*</TT
>
<A
HREF="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITY-QUERY-SIZE"
>track_activity_query_size</A
> bytes. Note that this
memory is consumed whenever the module is loaded, even if
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_stat_statements.track</TT
> is set to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>none</TT
>.
</P
><P
> These parameters must be set in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>.
Typical usage might be:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
># postgresql.conf
shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'
pg_stat_statements.max = 10000
pg_stat_statements.track = all</PRE
><P>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN155204"
>F.28.4. Sample Output</A
></H2
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>bench=# SELECT pg_stat_statements_reset();
$ pgbench -i bench
$ pgbench -c10 -t300 bench
bench=# \x
bench=# SELECT query, calls, total_time, rows, 100.0 * shared_blks_hit /
nullif(shared_blks_hit + shared_blks_read, 0) AS hit_percent
FROM pg_stat_statements ORDER BY total_time DESC LIMIT 5;
-[ RECORD 1 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query | UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + ? WHERE bid = ?;
calls | 3000
total_time | 9609.00100000002
rows | 2836
hit_percent | 99.9778970000200936
-[ RECORD 2 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query | UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + ? WHERE tid = ?;
calls | 3000
total_time | 8015.156
rows | 2990
hit_percent | 99.9731126579631345
-[ RECORD 3 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query | copy pgbench_accounts from stdin
calls | 1
total_time | 310.624
rows | 100000
hit_percent | 0.30395136778115501520
-[ RECORD 4 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query | UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + ? WHERE aid = ?;
calls | 3000
total_time | 271.741999999997
rows | 3000
hit_percent | 93.7968855088209426
-[ RECORD 5 ]---------------------------------------------------------------------
query | alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)
calls | 1
total_time | 81.42
rows | 0
hit_percent | 34.4947735191637631</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN155207"
>F.28.5. Authors</A
></H2
><P
> Takahiro Itagaki <CODE
CLASS="EMAIL"
><<A
HREF="mailto:itagaki.takahiro@oss.ntt.co.jp"
>itagaki.takahiro@oss.ntt.co.jp</A
>></CODE
>.
Query normalization added by Peter Geoghegan <CODE
CLASS="EMAIL"
><<A
HREF="mailto:peter@2ndquadrant.com"
>peter@2ndquadrant.com</A
>></CODE
>.
</P
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