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>Appendix E. Release Notes</TD
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="RELEASE-9-3"
>E.10. Release 9.3</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Release Date: </B
>2013-09-09</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN116099"
>E.10.1. Overview</A
></H2
><P
> Major enhancements in <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> 9.3 include:
</P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-creatematerializedview.html"
>materialized
views</A
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make simple views <A
HREF="sql-createview.html#SQL-CREATEVIEW-UPDATABLE-VIEWS"
>auto-updatable</A
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add many features for the <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
> data type,
including <A
HREF="functions-json.html"
>operators and functions</A
>
to extract elements from <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
> values
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Implement <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
>-standard <A
HREF="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATERAL</TT
></A
> option for
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FROM</TT
>-clause subqueries and function calls
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html"
>foreign data
wrappers</A
> to support writes (inserts/updates/deletes) on foreign
tables
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add a <A
HREF="postgres-fdw.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Postgres</SPAN
> foreign
data wrapper</A
> to allow access to
other <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Postgres</SPAN
> servers
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for <A
HREF="event-triggers.html"
>event triggers</A
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add optional ability to <A
HREF="app-initdb.html#APP-INITDB-DATA-CHECKSUMS"
>checksum</A
> data pages and
report corruption
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Prevent non-key-field row updates from blocking foreign key checks
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Greatly reduce System V <A
HREF="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC"
>shared
memory</A
> requirements
</P
></LI
></UL
><P
> The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN116141"
>E.10.2. Migration to Version 9.3</A
></H2
><P
> A dump/restore using <A
HREF="app-pg-dumpall.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dumpall</SPAN
></A
>, or use
of <A
HREF="pgupgrade.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
></A
>, is
required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release.
</P
><P
> Version 9.3 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities:
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116149"
>E.10.2.1. Server Settings</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Rename <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>replication_timeout</TT
> to <A
HREF="runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-WAL-SENDER-TIMEOUT"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>wal_sender_timeout</TT
></A
>
(Amit Kapila)
</P
><P
> This setting controls the <A
HREF="wal.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
></A
> sender timeout.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Require superuser privileges to set <A
HREF="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-COMMIT-DELAY"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>commit_delay</TT
></A
>
because it can now potentially delay other sessions (Simon Riggs)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow in-memory sorts to use their full memory allocation (Jeff Janes)
</P
><P
> Users who have set <A
HREF="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-WORK-MEM"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>work_mem</TT
></A
> based on the
previous behavior may need to revisit that setting.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116169"
>E.10.2.2. Other</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Throw an error if a tuple to be updated or deleted has already been
updated or deleted by a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>BEFORE</TT
> trigger (Kevin Grittner)
</P
><P
> Formerly, the originally-intended update was silently skipped,
resulting in logical inconsistency since the trigger might have
propagated data to other places based on the intended update.
Now an error is thrown to prevent the inconsistent results from being
committed. If this change affects your application, the best solution
is usually to move the data-propagation actions to
an <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>AFTER</TT
> trigger.
</P
><P
> This error will also be thrown if a query invokes a volatile function
that modifies rows that are later modified by the query itself.
Such cases likewise previously resulted in silently skipping updates.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Change multicolumn <A
HREF="sql-createtable.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ON UPDATE
SET NULL/SET DEFAULT</TT
></A
> foreign key actions to affect
all columns of the constraint, not just those changed in the
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
> (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously, we would set only those referencing columns that
correspond to referenced columns that were changed by
the <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
>. This was what was required by SQL-92,
but more recent editions of the SQL standard specify the new behavior.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Force cached plans to be replanned if the <A
HREF="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-SEARCH-PATH"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>search_path</TT
></A
> changes
(Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously, cached plans already generated in the current session were
not redone if the query was re-executed with a
new <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>search_path</TT
> setting, resulting in surprising behavior.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix <A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_number()</CODE
></A
>
to properly handle a period used as a thousands separator (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously, a period was considered to be a decimal point even when
the locale says it isn't and the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>D</TT
> format code is used to
specify use of the locale-specific decimal point. This resulted in
wrong answers if <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FM</TT
> format was also used.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>STRICT</TT
> non-set-returning functions that have
set-returning functions in their arguments to properly return null
rows (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> A null value passed to the strict function should result in a null
output, but instead, that output row was suppressed entirely.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Store <A
HREF="wal.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
></A
> in a continuous
stream, rather than skipping the last 16MB segment every 4GB
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> Previously, <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
> files with names ending in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FF</TT
>
were not used because of this skipping. If you have <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
>
backup or restore scripts that took this behavior into account, they
will need to be adjusted.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> In <A
HREF="catalog-pg-constraint.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint.confmatchtype</TT
></A
>,
store the default foreign key match type (non-<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FULL</TT
>,
non-<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PARTIAL</TT
>) as <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>s</TT
> for <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"simple"</SPAN
>
(Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously this case was represented by <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u</TT
>
for <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"unspecified"</SPAN
>.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN116221"
>E.10.3. Changes</A
></H2
><P
> Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> 9.3 and the previous major
release.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116225"
>E.10.3.1. Server</A
></H3
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116227"
>E.10.3.1.1. Locking</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Prevent non-key-field row updates from blocking foreign key checks
(Álvaro Herrera, Noah Misch, Andres Freund, Alexander
Shulgin, Marti Raudsepp, Alexander Shulgin)
</P
><P
> This change improves concurrency and reduces the probability of
deadlocks when updating tables involved in a foreign-key constraint.
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
>s that do not change any columns referenced in a
foreign key now take the new <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NO KEY UPDATE</TT
> lock mode on
the row, while foreign key checks use the new <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>KEY SHARE</TT
>
lock mode, which does not conflict with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NO KEY UPDATE</TT
>.
So there is no blocking unless a foreign-key column is changed.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add configuration variable <A
HREF="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-LOCK-TIMEOUT"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>lock_timeout</TT
></A
> to
allow limiting how long a session will wait to acquire any one lock
(Zoltán Böszörményi)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116241"
>E.10.3.1.2. Indexes</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="rangetypes.html#RANGETYPES-INDEXING"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SP-GiST</ACRONYM
></A
>
support for range data types (Alexander Korotkov)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="gist.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>GiST</ACRONYM
></A
> indexes to be
unlogged (Jeevan Chalke)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>GiST</ACRONYM
> index insertion by randomizing
the choice of which page to descend to when there are multiple equally
good alternatives (Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve concurrency of hash index operations (Robert Haas)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116257"
>E.10.3.1.3. Optimizer</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Collect and use histograms of upper and lower bounds, as well as range
lengths, for <A
HREF="rangetypes.html"
>range types</A
>
(Alexander Korotkov)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve optimizer's cost estimation for index access (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve optimizer's hash table size estimate for
doing <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DISTINCT</TT
> via hash aggregation (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Suppress no-op Result and Limit plan nodes
(Kyotaro Horiguchi, Amit Kapila, Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Reduce optimizer overhead by not keeping plans on the basis of cheap
startup cost when the optimizer only cares about total cost overall
(Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116272"
>E.10.3.1.4. General Performance</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY FREEZE</TT
></A
>
option to avoid the overhead of marking tuples as frozen later
(Simon Riggs, Jeff Davis)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of <A
HREF="datatype-numeric.html"
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>NUMERIC</TT
></A
> calculations
(Kyotaro Horiguchi)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve synchronization of sessions waiting for <A
HREF="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-COMMIT-DELAY"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>commit_delay</TT
></A
>
(Peter Geoghegan)
</P
><P
> This greatly improves the usefulness of <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>commit_delay</TT
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of the <A
HREF="sql-createtable.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ... ON
COMMIT DELETE ROWS</TT
></A
> option by not truncating such temporary
tables in transactions that haven't touched any temporary tables
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make vacuum recheck visibility after it has removed expired tuples
(Pavan Deolasee)
</P
><P
> This increases the chance of a page being marked as all-visible.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add per-resource-owner lock caches (Jeff Janes)
</P
><P
> This speeds up lock bookkeeping at statement completion in
multi-statement transactions that hold many locks; it is particularly
useful for <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Avoid scanning the entire relation cache at commit of a transaction
that creates a new relation (Jeff Janes)
</P
><P
> This speeds up sessions that create many tables in successive
small transactions, such as a <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
> run.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of transactions that drop many relations
(Tomas Vondra)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116306"
>E.10.3.1.5. Monitoring</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add optional ability to <A
HREF="app-initdb.html#APP-INITDB-DATA-CHECKSUMS"
>checksum</A
> data pages and
report corruption (Simon Riggs, Jeff Davis, Greg Smith, Ants Aasma)
</P
><P
> The checksum option can be set during <A
HREF="app-initdb.html"
>initdb</A
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Split the <A
HREF="monitoring-stats.html"
>statistics collector's</A
>
data file into separate global and per-database files (Tomas Vondra)
</P
><P
> This reduces the I/O required for statistics tracking.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix the statistics collector to operate properly in cases where the
system clock goes backwards (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously, statistics collection would stop until the time again
reached the latest time previously recorded.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Emit an informative message to postmaster standard error when we
are about to stop logging there
(Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> This should help reduce user confusion about where to look for log
output in common configurations that log to standard error only during
postmaster startup.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116324"
>E.10.3.1.6. Authentication</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> When an authentication failure occurs, log the relevant
<A
HREF="auth-pg-hba-conf.html"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_hba.conf</TT
></A
>
line, to ease debugging of unintended failures
(Magnus Hagander)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#AUTH-LDAP"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>LDAP</ACRONYM
></A
> error
reporting and documentation (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for specifying <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>LDAP</ACRONYM
> authentication parameters
in <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>URL</ACRONYM
> format, per RFC 4516 (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Change the <A
HREF="runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-SSL-CIPHERS"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>ssl_ciphers</TT
></A
> parameter
to start with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEFAULT</TT
>, rather than <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ALL</TT
>,
then remove insecure ciphers (Magnus Hagander)
</P
><P
> This should yield a more appropriate SSL cipher set.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Parse and load <A
HREF="auth-username-maps.html"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_ident.conf</TT
></A
>
once, not during each connection (Amit Kapila)
</P
><P
> This is similar to how <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pg_hba.conf</TT
> is processed.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116352"
>E.10.3.1.7. Server Settings</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Greatly reduce System V <A
HREF="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC"
>shared
memory</A
> requirements (Robert Haas)
</P
><P
> On Unix-like systems, <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>mmap()</CODE
> is now used for most
of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>'s shared memory. For most users, this
will eliminate any need to adjust kernel parameters for shared memory.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow the postmaster to listen on multiple Unix-domain sockets
(Honza Horák)
</P
><P
> The configuration parameter
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_directory</TT
> is replaced by <A
HREF="runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-UNIX-SOCKET-DIRECTORIES"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_directories</TT
></A
>,
which accepts a list of directories.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow a directory of configuration files to be processed (Magnus
Hagander, Greg Smith, Selena Deckelmann)
</P
><P
> Such a directory is specified with <A
HREF="config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>include_dir</TT
></A
> in the server
configuration file.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Increase the maximum <A
HREF="app-initdb.html"
>initdb</A
>-configured value for <A
HREF="runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-SHARED-BUFFERS"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>shared_buffers</TT
></A
>
to 128MB (Robert Haas)
</P
><P
> This is the maximum value that initdb will attempt to set in <A
HREF="config-setting.html#CONFIG-SETTING-CONFIGURATION-FILE"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
></A
>;
the previous maximum was 32MB.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Remove the <A
HREF="runtime-config-file-locations.html#GUC-EXTERNAL-PID-FILE"
>external
<ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>PID</ACRONYM
> file</A
>, if any, on postmaster exit
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116384"
>E.10.3.2. Replication and Recovery</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Allow a streaming replication standby to <A
HREF="protocol-replication.html"
>follow a timeline switch</A
>
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> This allows streaming standby servers to receive WAL data from a slave
newly promoted to master status. Previously, other standbys would
require a resync to begin following the new master.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> functions <A
HREF="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_is_in_backup()</CODE
></A
>
and <A
HREF="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_backup_start_time()</CODE
></A
>
(Gilles Darold)
</P
><P
> These functions report the status of base backups.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of streaming log shipping with <A
HREF="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-SYNCHRONOUS-COMMIT"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>synchronous_commit</TT
></A
>
disabled (Andres Freund)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow much faster promotion of a streaming standby to primary (Simon
Riggs, Kyotaro Horiguchi)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add the last checkpoint's redo location to <A
HREF="app-pgcontroldata.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_controldata</SPAN
></A
>'s
output (Fujii Masao)
</P
><P
> This information is useful for determining which <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
>
files are needed for restore.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow tools like <A
HREF="app-pgreceivexlog.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_receivexlog</SPAN
></A
>
to run on computers with different architectures (Heikki
Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> WAL files can still only be replayed on servers with the same
architecture as the primary; but they can now be transmitted to and
stored on machines of any architecture, since the
streaming replication protocol is now machine-independent.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="app-pgbasebackup.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_basebackup</SPAN
></A
>
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--write-recovery-conf</TT
> output a
minimal <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>recovery.conf</TT
> file (Zoltán
Böszörményi, Magnus Hagander)
</P
><P
> This simplifies setting up a standby server.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="app-pgreceivexlog.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_receivexlog</SPAN
></A
>
and <A
HREF="app-pgbasebackup.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_basebackup</SPAN
></A
>
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--xlog-method</TT
> to handle streaming timeline switches
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-WAL-RECEIVER-TIMEOUT"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>wal_receiver_timeout</TT
></A
>
parameter to control the <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
> receiver's timeout
(Amit Kapila)
</P
><P
> This allows more rapid detection of connection failure.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Change the <A
HREF="wal.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
></A
> record format to
allow splitting the record header across pages (Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> The new format is slightly more compact, and is more efficient to
write.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116441"
>E.10.3.3. Queries</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Implement <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
>-standard <A
HREF="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATERAL</TT
></A
> option for
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FROM</TT
>-clause subqueries and function calls (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> This feature allows subqueries and functions in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FROM</TT
> to
reference columns from other tables in the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FROM</TT
>
clause. The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LATERAL</TT
> keyword is optional for functions.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for piping <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
></A
> and <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
> <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\copy</TT
>
data to/from an external program (Etsuro Fujita)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow a multirow <A
HREF="sql-values.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>VALUES</TT
></A
> clause in a rule
to reference <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>OLD</TT
>/<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NEW</TT
> (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116467"
>E.10.3.4. Object Manipulation</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add support for <A
HREF="event-triggers.html"
>event triggers</A
>
(Dimitri Fontaine, Robert Haas, Álvaro Herrera)
</P
><P
> This allows server-side functions written in event-enabled
languages to be called when DDL commands are run.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html"
>foreign data
wrappers</A
> to support writes (inserts/updates/deletes) on foreign
tables (KaiGai Kohei)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-createschema.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE SCHEMA ... IF
NOT EXISTS</TT
></A
> clause (Fabrízio de Royes Mello)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="sql-reassign-owned.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REASSIGN
OWNED</TT
></A
> also change ownership of shared objects
(Álvaro Herrera)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="sql-createaggregate.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE
AGGREGATE</TT
></A
> complain if the given initial value string is not
valid input for the transition datatype (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Suppress <A
HREF="sql-createtable.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE
TABLE</TT
></A
>'s messages about implicit index and sequence creation
(Robert Haas)
</P
><P
> These messages now appear at <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DEBUG1</TT
> verbosity, so that
they will not be shown by default.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="sql-droptable.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DROP TABLE IF
EXISTS</TT
></A
> to succeed when a non-existent schema is specified
in the table name (Bruce Momjian)
</P
><P
> Previously, it threw an error if the schema did not exist.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Provide clients with <A
HREF="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-PQRESULTERRORFIELD"
>constraint violation details</A
>
as separate fields (Pavel Stehule)
</P
><P
> This allows clients to retrieve table, column, data type, or
constraint name error details. Previously such information had to be
extracted from error strings. Client library support is required to
access these fields.
</P
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116504"
>E.10.3.4.1. <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER</TT
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Support <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>IF NOT EXISTS</TT
> option in <A
HREF="sql-altertype.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER TYPE ... ADD VALUE</TT
></A
>
(Andrew Dunstan)
</P
><P
> This is useful for conditionally adding values to enumerated types.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-alterrole.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER ROLE ALL
SET</TT
></A
> to establish settings for all users (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
><P
> This allows settings to apply to all users in all databases. <A
HREF="sql-alterdatabase.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER DATABASE SET</TT
></A
>
already allowed addition of settings for all users in a single
database. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
> has a similar effect.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for <A
HREF="sql-alterrule.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER RULE
... RENAME</TT
></A
> (Ali Dar)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116526"
>E.10.3.4.2. <A
HREF="rules-views.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>VIEWs</TT
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-creatematerializedview.html"
>materialized
views</A
> (Kevin Grittner)
</P
><P
> Unlike ordinary views, where the base tables are read on every access,
materialized views create physical tables at creation or refresh time.
Access to the materialized view then reads from its physical
table. There is not yet any facility for incrementally refreshing
materialized views or auto-accessing them via base table access.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make simple views <A
HREF="sql-createview.html#SQL-CREATEVIEW-UPDATABLE-VIEWS"
>auto-updatable</A
>
(Dean Rasheed)
</P
><P
> Simple views that reference some or all columns from a
single base table are now updatable by default. More
complex views can be made updatable using <A
HREF="sql-createtrigger.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INSTEAD OF</TT
></A
> triggers
or <A
HREF="sql-createrule.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INSTEAD</TT
></A
> rules.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="sql-createview.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE RECURSIVE
VIEW</TT
></A
> syntax (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
><P
> Internally this is translated into <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE VIEW ... WITH
RECURSIVE ...</TT
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve view/rule printing code to handle cases where referenced
tables are renamed, or columns are renamed, added, or dropped
(Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Table and column renamings can produce cases where, if we merely
substitute the new name into the original text of a rule or view, the
result is ambiguous. This change fixes the rule-dumping code to insert
manufactured table and column aliases when needed to preserve the
original semantics.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116552"
>E.10.3.5. Data Types</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Increase the maximum size of <A
HREF="largeobjects.html"
>large
objects</A
> from 2GB to 4TB (Nozomi Anzai, Yugo Nagata)
</P
><P
> This change includes adding 64-bit-capable large object access
functions, both in the server and in libpq.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow text <A
HREF="datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-TIMEZONES"
>timezone
designations</A
>, e.g. <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"America/Chicago"</SPAN
>, in the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"T"</SPAN
> field of <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ISO</ACRONYM
>-format <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>timestamptz</TT
>
input (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116566"
>E.10.3.5.1. <A
HREF="datatype-json.html"
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="functions-json.html"
>operators and functions</A
>
to extract elements from <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
> values (Andrew Dunstan)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
> values to be <A
HREF="functions-json.html"
>converted into records</A
>
(Andrew Dunstan)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="functions-json.html"
>functions</A
> to convert
scalars, records, and <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>hstore</TT
> values to <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>JSON</TT
> (Andrew
Dunstan)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116584"
>E.10.3.6. Functions</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="functions-array.html#ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_remove()</CODE
></A
>
and <A
HREF="functions-array.html#ARRAY-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>array_replace()</CODE
></A
>
functions (Marco Nenciarini, Gabriele Bartolini)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>concat()</CODE
></A
>
and <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-FORMAT"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>format()</CODE
></A
>
to properly expand <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>VARIADIC</TT
>-labeled arguments
(Pavel Stehule)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <A
HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-FORMAT"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>format()</CODE
></A
>
to provide field width and left/right alignment options (Pavel Stehule)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_char()</CODE
></A
>,
<A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_date()</CODE
></A
>,
and <A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_timestamp()</CODE
></A
>
handle negative (BC) century values properly
(Bruce Momjian)
</P
><P
> Previously the behavior was either wrong or inconsistent
with positive/<ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>AD</ACRONYM
> handling, e.g. with the format mask
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"IYYY-IW-DY"</SPAN
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_date()</CODE
></A
>
and <A
HREF="functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>to_timestamp()</CODE
></A
>
return proper results when mixing <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ISO</ACRONYM
> and Gregorian
week/day designations (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Cause <A
HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-CATALOG-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_get_viewdef()</CODE
></A
>
to start a new line by default after each <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> target
list entry and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FROM</TT
> entry (Marko Tiikkaja)
</P
><P
> This reduces line length in view printing, for instance in <A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
></A
> output.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>map_sql_value_to_xml_value()</CODE
> to print values of
domain types the same way their base type would be printed
(Pavel Stehule)
</P
><P
> There are special formatting rules for certain built-in types such as
<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>; these rules now also apply to domains over these
types.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116636"
>E.10.3.7. Server-Side Languages</A
></H3
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116638"
>E.10.3.7.1. <A
HREF="plpgsql.html"
>PL/pgSQL</A
> Server-Side Language</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Allow PL/pgSQL to use <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RETURN</TT
> with a composite-type
expression (Asif Rehman)
</P
><P
> Previously, in a function returning a composite type,
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RETURN</TT
> could only reference a variable of that type.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow PL/pgSQL to access <A
HREF="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-EXCEPTION-DIAGNOSTICS"
>constraint violation
details</A
> as separate fields (Pavel Stehule)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow PL/pgSQL to access the number of rows processed by
<A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
></A
> (Pavel Stehule)
</P
><P
> A <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> executed in a PL/pgSQL function now updates the
value retrieved by <A
HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-DIAGNOSTICS"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>GET DIAGNOSTICS
x = ROW_COUNT</TT
></A
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow unreserved keywords to be used as identifiers everywhere in
PL/pgSQL (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> In certain places in the PL/pgSQL grammar, keywords had to be quoted
to be used as identifiers, even if they were nominally unreserved.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116661"
>E.10.3.7.2. <A
HREF="plpython.html"
>PL/Python</A
> Server-Side Language</A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add PL/Python result object string handler (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
><P
> This allows <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>plpy.debug(rv)</TT
> to output something reasonable.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make PL/Python convert OID values to a proper Python numeric type
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Handle <A
HREF="spi.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SPI</ACRONYM
></A
> errors raised
explicitly (with PL/Python's <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RAISE</TT
>) the same as
internal <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SPI</ACRONYM
> errors (Oskari Saarenmaa and Jan Urbanski)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116677"
>E.10.3.8. Server Programming Interface (<A
HREF="spi.html"
>SPI</A
>)</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Prevent leakage of <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SPI</ACRONYM
> tuple tables during subtransaction
abort (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> At the end of any failed subtransaction, the core SPI code now
releases any SPI tuple tables that were created during that
subtransaction. This avoids the need for SPI-using code to keep track
of such tuple tables and release them manually in error-recovery code.
Failure to do so caused a number of transaction-lifespan memory leakage
issues in PL/pgSQL and perhaps other SPI clients. <A
HREF="spi-spi-freetupletable.html"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SPI_freetuptable()</CODE
></A
>
now protects itself against multiple freeing requests, so any existing
code that did take care to clean up shouldn't be broken by this change.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SPI</ACRONYM
> functions to access the number of rows processed
by <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
></A
> (Pavel Stehule)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116692"
>E.10.3.9. Client Applications</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add command-line utility <A
HREF="app-pg-isready.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_isready</SPAN
></A
> to
check if the server is ready to accept connections (Phil Sorber)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Support multiple <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--table</TT
> arguments for <A
HREF="app-pgrestore.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_restore</SPAN
></A
>,
<A
HREF="app-clusterdb.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>clusterdb</SPAN
></A
>,
<A
HREF="app-reindexdb.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>reindexdb</SPAN
></A
>,
and <A
HREF="app-vacuumdb.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vacuumdb</SPAN
></A
>
(Josh Kupershmidt)
</P
><P
> This is similar to the way <A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
></A
>'s
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--table</TT
> option works.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--dbname</TT
> option to <A
HREF="app-pg-dumpall.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dumpall</SPAN
></A
>, <A
HREF="app-pgbasebackup.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_basebackup</SPAN
></A
>, and
<A
HREF="app-pgreceivexlog.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_receivexlog</SPAN
></A
>
to allow specifying a connection string (Amit Kapila)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add libpq function <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PQCONNINFO"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>PQconninfo()</CODE
></A
>
to return connection information (Zoltán
Böszörményi, Magnus Hagander)
</P
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116727"
>E.10.3.9.1. <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Adjust function cost settings so <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> tab
completion and pattern searching are more efficient (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s tab completion coverage (Jeff Janes,
Dean Rasheed, Peter Eisentraut, Magnus Hagander)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--single-transaction</TT
>
mode to work when reading from standard input (Fabien Coelho,
Robert Haas)
</P
><P
> Previously this option only worked when reading from a file.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Remove <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> warning when connecting to an older
server (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
><P
> A warning is still issued when connecting to a server of a newer major
version than <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s.
</P
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="SECT5"
><H5
CLASS="SECT5"
><A
NAME="AEN116748"
>E.10.3.9.1.1. <A
HREF="app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS"
>Backslash Commands</A
></A
></H5
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> command <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\watch</TT
> to repeatedly
execute a SQL command (Will Leinweber)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> command <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\gset</TT
> to store query
results in <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> variables (Pavel Stehule)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SSL</ACRONYM
> information to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\conninfo</TT
> command (Alastair Turner)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Security"</SPAN
> column to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\df+</TT
> output (Jon Erdman)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> command <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\l</TT
> to accept a database
name pattern (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> In <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>, do not allow <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\connect</TT
> to
use defaults if there is no active connection (Bruce Momjian)
</P
><P
> This might be the case if the server had crashed.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Properly reset state after failure of a SQL command executed with
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>\g</TT
> <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>file</I
></TT
>
(Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Previously, the output from subsequent SQL commands would unexpectedly
continue to go to the same file.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT5"
><H5
CLASS="SECT5"
><A
NAME="AEN116786"
>E.10.3.9.1.2. Output</A
></H5
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>latex-longtable</TT
> output format to
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
> (Bruce Momjian)
</P
><P
> This format allows tables to span multiple pages.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>border=3</TT
> output mode to the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>latex</TT
> format (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> In <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s tuples-only and expanded output modes, no
longer emit <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"(No rows)"</SPAN
> for zero rows (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> In <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
>'s unaligned, expanded output mode, no longer
print an empty line for zero rows (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116806"
>E.10.3.9.2. <A
HREF="app-pgdump.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
> <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--jobs</TT
> option to dump tables in
parallel (Joachim Wieland)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
> output functions in a more predictable
order (Joel Jacobson)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix tar files emitted by <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>
to be <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>POSIX</ACRONYM
> conformant (Brian Weaver, Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--dbname</TT
> option to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_dump</SPAN
>, for
consistency with other client commands (Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> The database name could already be supplied last without a flag.
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN116827"
>E.10.3.9.3. <A
HREF="app-initdb.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>initdb</SPAN
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Make initdb fsync the newly created data directory (Jeff Davis)
</P
><P
> This insures data integrity in event of a system crash shortly after
initdb. This can be disabled by using <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--nosync</TT
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add initdb <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--sync-only</TT
> option to sync the data directory to durable
storage (Bruce Momjian)
</P
><P
> This is used by <A
HREF="pgupgrade.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
></A
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make initdb issue a warning about placing the data directory at the
top of a file system mount point (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116844"
>E.10.3.10. Source Code</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add infrastructure to allow plug-in <A
HREF="bgworker.html"
>background worker processes</A
>
(Álvaro Herrera)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Create a centralized timeout <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>API</ACRONYM
> (Zoltán
Böszörményi)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Create libpgcommon and move <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_malloc()</CODE
> and other
functions there (Álvaro Herrera, Andres Freund)
</P
><P
> This allows libpgport to be used solely for portability-related code.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for list links embedded in larger structs (Andres Freund)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Use <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SA_RESTART</TT
> for all signals,
including <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SIGALRM</TT
> (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Ensure that the correct text domain is used when
translating <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>errcontext()</CODE
> messages
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Standardize naming of client-side memory allocation functions (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Provide support for <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"static assertions"</SPAN
> that will fail at
compile time if some compile-time-constant condition is not met
(Andres Freund, Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Support <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>Assert()</CODE
> in client-side code (Andrew Dunstan)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add decoration to inform the C compiler that some <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>ereport()</CODE
>
and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>elog()</CODE
> calls do not return (Peter Eisentraut,
Andres Freund, Tom Lane, Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow options to be passed to the regression
test output comparison utility via <A
HREF="regress-evaluation.html"
><TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PG_REGRESS_DIFF_OPTS</TT
></A
>
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add isolation tests for <A
HREF="sql-createindex.html"
><TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE INDEX
CONCURRENTLY</TT
></A
> (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Remove typedefs for <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int2</TT
>/<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int4</TT
> as they are better
represented as <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int16</TT
>/<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int32</TT
> (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fix <A
HREF="install-procedure.html#INSTALL"
>install-strip</A
> on Mac <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>OS
X</SPAN
> (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Remove <A
HREF="install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE"
>configure</A
> flag
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--disable-shared</TT
>, as it is no longer supported
(Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Rewrite pgindent in <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Perl</SPAN
> (Andrew Dunstan)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Provide Emacs macro to set Perl formatting to
match <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>'s perltidy settings (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Run tool to check the keyword list whenever the backend grammar is
changed (Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Change the way <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UESCAPE</TT
> is lexed, to significantly reduce
the size of the lexer tables (Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Centralize <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>flex</SPAN
> and <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>bison</SPAN
>
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>make</SPAN
> rules (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
><P
> This is useful for <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgxs</SPAN
> authors.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Change many internal backend functions to return object <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>OID</TT
>s
rather than void (Dimitri Fontaine)
</P
><P
> This is useful for event triggers.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Invent pre-commit/pre-prepare/pre-subcommit events for transaction
callbacks (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> Loadable modules that use transaction callbacks might need modification
to handle these new event types.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add function <A
HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-CATALOG-TABLE"
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_identify_object()</CODE
></A
>
to produce a machine-readable description of a database object
(Álvaro Herrera)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add post-<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ALTER</TT
>-object server hooks (KaiGai Kohei)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Implement a generic binary heap and use it for Merge-Append
operations (Abhijit Menon-Sen)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Provide a tool to help detect timezone abbreviation changes when
updating the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>src/timezone/data</TT
> files
(Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pkg-config</SPAN
> support for <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
>
and <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ecpg</SPAN
> libraries (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Remove <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>src/tool/backend</TT
>, now that the content is on
the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> wiki (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Split out <A
HREF="wal.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
></A
> reading as
an independent facility (Heikki Linnakangas, Andres Freund)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Use a 64-bit integer to represent <A
HREF="wal.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
></A
> positions
(<TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>XLogRecPtr</TT
>) instead of two 32-bit integers
(Heikki Linnakangas)
</P
><P
> Generally, tools that need to read the <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>WAL</ACRONYM
> format
will need to be adjusted.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="plpython.html"
>PL/Python</A
> to support
platform-specific include directories (Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <A
HREF="plpython.html"
>PL/Python</A
> on <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>OS
X</SPAN
> to build against custom versions of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>Python</SPAN
>
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN116965"
>E.10.3.11. Additional Modules</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add a <A
HREF="postgres-fdw.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Postgres</SPAN
> foreign
data wrapper</A
> contrib module to allow access to
other <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Postgres</SPAN
> servers (Shigeru Hanada)
</P
><P
> This foreign data wrapper supports writes.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="pgxlogdump.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_xlogdump</SPAN
></A
>
contrib program (Andres Freund)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add support for indexing of regular-expression searches in
<A
HREF="pgtrgm.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>pg_trgm</SPAN
></A
>
(Alexander Korotkov)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <A
HREF="pgtrgm.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>pg_trgm</SPAN
></A
>'s
handling of multibyte characters (Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> On a platform that does not have the wcstombs() or towlower() library
functions, this could result in an incompatible change in the contents
of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>pg_trgm</SPAN
> indexes for non-ASCII data. In such cases,
<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REINDEX</TT
> those indexes to ensure correct search results.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add a <A
HREF="pgstattuple.html"
>pgstattuple</A
> function to report
the size of the pending-insertions list of a <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>GIN</ACRONYM
> index
(Fujii Masao)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <A
HREF="oid2name.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>oid2name</SPAN
></A
>,
<A
HREF="pgbench.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
></A
>, and
<A
HREF="vacuumlo.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vacuumlo</SPAN
></A
> set
<TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>fallback_application_name</TT
> (Amit Kapila)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve output of <A
HREF="pgtesttiming.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_test_timing</SPAN
></A
>
(Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve output of <A
HREF="pgtestfsync.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_test_fsync</SPAN
></A
>
(Peter Geoghegan)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Create a dedicated foreign data wrapper, with its own option validator
function, for <A
HREF="dblink.html"
>dblink</A
> (Shigeru Hanada)
</P
><P
> When using this FDW to define the target of a <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>dblink</SPAN
>
connection, instead of using a hard-wired list of connection options,
the underlying <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> library is consulted to see what
connection options it supports.
</P
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN117016"
>E.10.3.11.1. <A
HREF="pgupgrade.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Allow <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
> to do dumps and restores in
parallel (Bruce Momjian, Andrew Dunstan)
</P
><P
> This allows parallel schema dump/restore of databases, as well as
parallel copy/link of data files per tablespace. Use the
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--jobs</TT
> option to specify the level of parallelism.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
> create Unix-domain sockets in
the current directory (Bruce Momjian, Tom Lane)
</P
><P
> This reduces the possibility that someone will accidentally connect
during the upgrade.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Make <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
> <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--check</TT
> mode properly
detect the location of non-default socket directories (Bruce
Momjian, Tom Lane)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve performance of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
> for databases
with many tables (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
>'s logs by showing
executed commands (Álvaro Herrera)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pg_upgrade</SPAN
>'s status display during
copy/link (Bruce Momjian)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT4"
><H4
CLASS="SECT4"
><A
NAME="AEN117043"
>E.10.3.11.2. <A
HREF="pgbench.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
></A
></A
></H4
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Add <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--foreign-keys</TT
> option to <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
>
(Jeff Janes)
</P
><P
> This adds foreign key constraints to the standard tables created by
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
>, for use in foreign key performance testing.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
> to aggregate performance statistics
and produce output every <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--aggregate-interval</TT
>
seconds (Tomas Vondra)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
> <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>--sampling-rate</TT
> option
to control the percentage of transactions logged (Tomas Vondra)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Reduce and improve the status message output of
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
>'s initialization mode (Robert Haas,
Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
> <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-q</TT
> mode to print one output
line every five seconds (Tomas Vondra)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Output <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
> elapsed and estimated remaining
time during initialization (Tomas Vondra)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Allow <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>pgbench</SPAN
> to use much larger scale factors,
by changing relevant columns from <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bigint</TT
>
when the requested scale factor exceeds 20000
(Greg Smith)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN117077"
>E.10.3.12. Documentation</A
></H3
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> Allow <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>EPUB</SPAN
>-format documentation to be created
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Update <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeBSD</SPAN
> kernel configuration documentation
(Brad Davis)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <A
HREF="tutorial-window.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WINDOW</TT
>
function</A
> documentation (Bruce Momjian, Florian Pflug)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Add <A
HREF="docguide-toolsets.html"
>instructions</A
> for setting
up the documentation tool chain on Mac <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>OS X</SPAN
>
(Peter Eisentraut)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Improve <A
HREF="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-COMMIT-DELAY"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>commit_delay</TT
></A
>
documentation (Peter Geoghegan)
</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
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