<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Language Reference</title> </head> <body><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="configuration.changes.html">How to change configuration settings</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.basic-syntax.html">Basic syntax</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div><hr /><div id="langref" class="book"> <h1 class="title">Language Reference</h1> <ul class="chunklist chunklist_book"><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.html">Basic syntax</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.phptags.html">PHP tags</a></li><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.phpmode.html">Escaping from HTML</a></li><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.instruction-separation.html">Instruction separation</a></li><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.comments.html">Comments</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.types.html">Types</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.types.intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="language.types.boolean.html">Booleans</a></li><li><a href="language.types.integer.html">Integers</a></li><li><a href="language.types.float.html">Floating point numbers</a></li><li><a href="language.types.string.html">Strings</a></li><li><a href="language.types.array.html">Arrays</a></li><li><a href="language.types.object.html">Objects</a></li><li><a href="language.types.resource.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="language.types.null.html">NULL</a></li><li><a href="language.types.callable.html">Callbacks</a></li><li><a href="language.pseudo-types.html">Pseudo-types and variables used in this documentation</a></li><li><a href="language.types.type-juggling.html">Type Juggling</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.variables.html">Variables</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.variables.basics.html">Basics</a></li><li><a href="language.variables.predefined.html">Predefined Variables</a></li><li><a href="language.variables.scope.html">Variable scope</a></li><li><a href="language.variables.variable.html">Variable variables</a></li><li><a href="language.variables.external.html">Variables From External Sources</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.constants.html">Constants</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.constants.syntax.html">Syntax</a></li><li><a href="language.constants.predefined.html">Magic constants</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.expressions.html">Expressions</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.html">Operators</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.operators.precedence.html">Operator Precedence</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.arithmetic.html">Arithmetic Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.assignment.html">Assignment Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.bitwise.html">Bitwise Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.comparison.html">Comparison Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.errorcontrol.html">Error Control Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.execution.html">Execution Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.increment.html">Incrementing/Decrementing Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.logical.html">Logical Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.string.html">String Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.array.html">Array Operators</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.type.html">Type Operators</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.control-structures.html">Control Structures</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="control-structures.intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.if.html">if</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.else.html">else</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.elseif.html">elseif/else if</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.alternative-syntax.html">Alternative syntax for control structures</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.while.html">while</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.do.while.html">do-while</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.for.html">for</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.foreach.html">foreach</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.break.html">break</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.continue.html">continue</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.switch.html">switch</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.declare.html">declare</a></li><li><a href="function.return.html">return</a></li><li><a href="function.require.html">require</a></li><li><a href="function.include.html">include</a></li><li><a href="function.require-once.html">require_once</a></li><li><a href="function.include-once.html">include_once</a></li><li><a href="control-structures.goto.html">goto</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.functions.html">Functions</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="functions.user-defined.html">User-defined functions</a></li><li><a href="functions.arguments.html">Function arguments</a></li><li><a href="functions.returning-values.html">Returning values</a></li><li><a href="functions.variable-functions.html">Variable functions</a></li><li><a href="functions.internal.html">Internal (built-in) functions</a></li><li><a href="functions.anonymous.html">Anonymous functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.oop5.html">Classes and Objects</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="oop5.intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.basic.html">The Basics</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.properties.html">Properties</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.constants.html">Class Constants</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.autoload.html">Autoloading Classes</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.decon.html">Constructors and Destructors</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.visibility.html">Visibility</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.inheritance.html">Object Inheritance</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.paamayim-nekudotayim.html">Scope Resolution Operator (::)</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.static.html">Static Keyword</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.abstract.html">Class Abstraction</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.interfaces.html">Object Interfaces</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.traits.html">Traits</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.overloading.html">Overloading</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.iterations.html">Object Iteration</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.magic.html">Magic Methods</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.final.html">Final Keyword</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.cloning.html">Object Cloning</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.object-comparison.html">Comparing Objects</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.typehinting.html">Type Hinting</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.late-static-bindings.html">Late Static Bindings</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.references.html">Objects and references</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.serialization.html">Object Serialization</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.changelog.html">OOP Changelog</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.html">Namespaces</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.namespaces.rationale.html">Namespaces overview</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.definition.html">Defining namespaces</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.nested.html">Declaring sub-namespaces</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.definitionmultiple.html">Defining multiple namespaces in the same file</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.basics.html">Using namespaces: Basics</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.dynamic.html">Namespaces and dynamic language features</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.nsconstants.html">namespace keyword and __NAMESPACE__ constant</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.importing.html">Using namespaces: Aliasing/Importing</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.global.html">Global space</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.fallback.html">Using namespaces: fallback to global function/constant</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.rules.html">Name resolution rules</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.faq.html">FAQ: things you need to know about namespaces</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.exceptions.html">Exceptions</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.exceptions.extending.html">Extending Exceptions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.generators.html">Generators</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.generators.overview.html">Generators overview</a></li><li><a href="language.generators.syntax.html">Generator syntax</a></li><li><a href="language.generators.comparison.html">Comparing generators with Iterator objects</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="language.references.html">References Explained</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.references.whatare.html">What References Are</a></li><li><a href="language.references.whatdo.html">What References Do</a></li><li><a href="language.references.arent.html">What References Are Not</a></li><li><a href="language.references.pass.html">Passing by Reference</a></li><li><a href="language.references.return.html">Returning References</a></li><li><a href="language.references.unset.html">Unsetting References</a></li><li><a href="language.references.spot.html">Spotting References</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="reserved.variables.html">Predefined Variables</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.variables.superglobals.html">Superglobals</a> — Superglobals are built-in variables that are always available in all scopes</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.globals.html">$GLOBALS</a> — References all variables available in global scope</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.server.html">$_SERVER</a> — Server and execution environment information</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.get.html">$_GET</a> — HTTP GET variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.post.html">$_POST</a> — HTTP POST variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.files.html">$_FILES</a> — HTTP File Upload variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.request.html">$_REQUEST</a> — HTTP Request variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.session.html">$_SESSION</a> — Session variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.environment.html">$_ENV</a> — Environment variables</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.cookies.html">$_COOKIE</a> — HTTP Cookies</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.phperrormsg.html">$php_errormsg</a> — The previous error message</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.httprawpostdata.html">$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA</a> — Raw POST data</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.httpresponseheader.html">$http_response_header</a> — HTTP response headers</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.argc.html">$argc</a> — The number of arguments passed to script</li><li><a href="reserved.variables.argv.html">$argv</a> — Array of arguments passed to script</li></ul></li><li><a href="reserved.exceptions.html">Predefined Exceptions</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="class.exception.html">Exception</a></li><li><a href="class.errorexception.html">ErrorException</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="reserved.interfaces.html">Predefined Interfaces and Classes</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="class.traversable.html">Traversable</a> — The Traversable interface</li><li><a href="class.iterator.html">Iterator</a> — The Iterator interface</li><li><a href="class.iteratoraggregate.html">IteratorAggregate</a> — The IteratorAggregate interface</li><li><a href="class.arrayaccess.html">ArrayAccess</a> — The ArrayAccess interface</li><li><a href="class.serializable.html">Serializable</a> — The Serializable interface</li><li><a href="class.closure.html">Closure</a> — The Closure class</li><li><a href="class.generator.html">Generator</a> — The Generator class</li></ul></li><li><a href="context.html">Context options and parameters</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="context.socket.html">Socket context options</a> — Socket context option listing</li><li><a href="context.http.html">HTTP context options</a> — HTTP context option listing</li><li><a href="context.ftp.html">FTP context options</a> — FTP context option listing</li><li><a href="context.ssl.html">SSL context options</a> — SSL context option listing</li><li><a href="context.curl.html">CURL context options</a> — CURL context option listing</li><li><a href="context.phar.html">Phar context options</a> — Phar context option listing</li><li><a href="context.params.html">Context parameters</a> — Context parameter listing</li></ul></li><li><a href="wrappers.html">Supported Protocols and Wrappers</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_book chunklist_children"><li><a href="wrappers.file.html">file://</a> — Accessing local filesystem</li><li><a href="wrappers.http.html">http://</a> — Accessing HTTP(s) URLs</li><li><a href="wrappers.ftp.html">ftp://</a> — Accessing FTP(s) URLs</li><li><a href="wrappers.php.html">php://</a> — Accessing various I/O streams</li><li><a href="wrappers.compression.html">zlib://</a> — Compression Streams</li><li><a href="wrappers.data.html">data://</a> — Data (RFC 2397)</li><li><a href="wrappers.glob.html">glob://</a> — Find pathnames matching pattern</li><li><a href="wrappers.phar.html">phar://</a> — PHP Archive</li><li><a href="wrappers.ssh2.html">ssh2://</a> — Secure Shell 2</li><li><a href="wrappers.rar.html">rar://</a> — RAR</li><li><a href="wrappers.audio.html">ogg://</a> — Audio streams</li><li><a href="wrappers.expect.html">expect://</a> — Process Interaction Streams</li></ul></li></ul></div><hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="configuration.changes.html">How to change configuration settings</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.basic-syntax.html">Basic syntax</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div></body></html>
