<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Introduction</title>
</head>
<body><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="language.types.html">Types</a></div>
<div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.types.boolean.html">Booleans</a></div>
<div class="up"><a href="language.types.html">Types</a></div>
<div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div>
</div><hr /><div id="language.types.intro" class="sect1">
<h2 class="title">Introduction</h2>
<p class="simpara">
PHP supports eight primitive types.
</p>
<p class="para">
Four scalar types:
</p>
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.boolean.html" class="type boolean">boolean</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.float.html" class="type float">float</a></span> (floating-point number, aka <span class="type"><a href="language.types.float.html" class="type double">double</a></span>)
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="para">
Two compound types:
</p>
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.object.html" class="type object">object</a></span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="para">
And finally two special types:
</p>
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.resource.html" class="type resource">resource</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.types.null.html" class="type NULL">NULL</a></span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="para">
This manual also introduces some
<a href="language.pseudo-types.html" class="link">pseudo-types</a> for readability
reasons:
</p>
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.mixed" class="type mixed">mixed</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.number" class="type number">number</a></span>
</span>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="simpara">
<span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.callback" class="type callback">callback</a></span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="para">
And the pseudo-variable <em><code class="parameter">$...</code></em>.
</p>
<p class="simpara">
Some references to the type "double" may remain in the manual. Consider
double the same as float; the two names exist only for historic reasons.
</p>
<p class="simpara">
The type of a variable is not usually set by the programmer; rather, it is
decided at runtime by PHP depending on the context in which that variable is
used.
</p>
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
<span class="simpara">
To check the type and value of an
<a href="language.expressions.html" class="link">expression</a>, use the
<span class="function"><a href="function.var-dump.html" class="function">var_dump()</a></span> function.
</span>
<p class="para">
To get a human-readable representation of a type for debugging, use the
<span class="function"><a href="function.gettype.html" class="function">gettype()</a></span> function. To check for a certain type, do
<em class="emphasis">not</em> use <span class="function"><a href="function.gettype.html" class="function">gettype()</a></span>, but rather the
<em>is_<span class="replaceable">type</span></em> functions. Some
examples:
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$a_bool </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">TRUE</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// a boolean<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_str </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"foo"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// a string<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_str2 </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'foo'</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// a string<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$an_int </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">12</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// an integer<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">gettype</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_bool</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// prints out: boolean<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">gettype</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_str</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// prints out: string<br /><br />// If this is an integer, increment it by four<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">is_int</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$an_int</span><span style="color: #007700">)) {<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$an_int </span><span style="color: #007700">+= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">4</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// If $a_bool is a string, print it out<br />// (does not print out anything)<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">is_string</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_bool</span><span style="color: #007700">)) {<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"String: </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a_bool</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p></blockquote>
<p class="simpara">
To forcibly convert a variable to a certain type, either
<a href="language.types.type-juggling.html#language.types.typecasting" class="link">cast</a> the variable or use
the <span class="function"><a href="function.settype.html" class="function">settype()</a></span> function on it.
</p>
<p class="simpara">
Note that a variable may be evaluated with different values in certain
situations, depending on what type it is at the time. For more information,
see the section on <a href="language.types.type-juggling.html" class="link">Type
Juggling</a>. <a href="types.comparisons.html" class="link">The type comparison
tables</a> may also be useful, as they show examples of various
type-related comparisons.
</p>
</div><hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="language.types.html">Types</a></div>
<div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.types.boolean.html">Booleans</a></div>
<div class="up"><a href="language.types.html">Types</a></div>
<div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div>
</div></body></html>
