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<title>Choosing an API</title>
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<h1>Choosing an API</h1>
<p class="para">
PHP offers three different APIs to connect to MySQL. Below we show
the APIs provided by the mysql, mysqli, and PDO extensions. Each code snippet
creates a connection to a MySQL server running on "example.com" using
the username "user" and the password "password". And a query is run to
greet the user.
</p>
<p class="para">
<div class="example" id="example-1554">
<p><strong>Example #1 Comparing the three MySQL APIs</strong></p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000">
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// mysqli<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$mysqli </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">mysqli</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"example.com"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"user"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"password"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"database"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$result </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$mysqli</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">query</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"SELECT 'Hello, dear MySQL user!' AS _message FROM DUAL"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$result</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">fetch_assoc</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">htmlentities</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'_message'</span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// PDO<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$pdo </span><span style="color: #007700">= new </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PDO</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'mysql:host=example.com;dbname=database'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'user'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'password'</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$statement </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$pdo</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">query</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"SELECT 'Hello, dear MySQL user!' AS _message FROM DUAL"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$statement</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">fetch</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">PDO</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">FETCH_ASSOC</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">htmlentities</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'_message'</span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// mysql<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$c </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">mysql_connect</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"example.com"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"user"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"password"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">mysql_select_db</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"database"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$result </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">mysql_query</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"SELECT 'Hello, dear MySQL user!' AS _message FROM DUAL"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">mysql_fetch_assoc</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$result</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">htmlentities</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$row</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'_message'</span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
</span>
</code></div>
</div>
</div>
</p>
<p class="para">
<em class="emphasis">Recommended API</em>
</p>
<p class="para">
It is recommended to use either the <a href="book.mysqli.html" class="link">mysqli</a>
or <a href="ref.pdo-mysql.html" class="link">PDO_MySQL</a> extensions.
It is not recommended to use the old <a href="ref.mysql.html" class="link">mysql</a>
extension for new development, as it has been deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0
and will be removed in the future. A detailed feature comparison matrix is
provided below. The overall performance of all three extensions is
considered to be about the same. Although the performance of the extension
contributes only a fraction of the total run time of a PHP web request.
Often, the impact is as low as 0.1%.
</p>
<p class="para">
<em class="emphasis">Feature comparison</em>
</p>
<table class="doctable informaltable">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="empty"> </th>
<th>ext/mysqli</th>
<th>PDO_MySQL</th>
<th>ext/mysql</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="tbody">
<tr>
<td>PHP version introduced</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Included with PHP 5.x</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Development status</td>
<td>Active</td>
<td>Active</td>
<td>Maintenance only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lifecycle</td>
<td>Active</td>
<td>Active</td>
<td>Deprecated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Recommended for new projects</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OOP Interface</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Procedural Interface</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports non-blocking, asynchronous queries with mysqlnd</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Persistent Connections</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports Charsets</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports server-side Prepared Statements</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports client-side Prepared Statements</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports Stored Procedures</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports Multiple Statements</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Most</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>API supports Transactions</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Transactions can be controlled with SQL</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Supports all MySQL 5.1+ functionality</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Most</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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