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<div class="section" id="base-event-loop">
<span id="asyncio-event-loop"></span><h1>18.5.1. Base Event Loop<a class="headerlink" href="#base-event-loop" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The event loop is the central execution device provided by <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a>.
It provides multiple facilities, including:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Registering, executing and cancelling delayed calls (timeouts).</li>
<li>Creating client and server <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-transport"><span>transports</span></a> for various
kinds of communication.</li>
<li>Launching subprocesses and the associated <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-transport"><span>transports</span></a> for communication with an external program.</li>
<li>Delegating costly function calls to a pool of threads.</li>
</ul>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="asyncio.BaseEventLoop">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">asyncio.</code><code class="descname">BaseEventLoop</code><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.BaseEventLoop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class is an implementation detail. It is a subclass of
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop</span></code></a> and may be a base class of concrete
event loop implementations found in <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a>. It should not
be used directly; use <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop</span></code></a> instead.
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseEventLoop</span></code> should not be subclassed by third-party code; the
internal interface is not stable.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">asyncio.</code><code class="descname">AbstractEventLoop</code><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Abstract base class of event loops.</p>
<p>This class is <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#asyncio-multithreading"><span>not thread safe</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="section" id="run-an-event-loop">
<h2>18.5.1.1. Run an event loop<a class="headerlink" href="#run-an-event-loop" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">run_forever</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Run until <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop()</span></code></a> is called. If <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop()</span></code></a> is called before
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_forever()</span></code></a> is called, this polls the I/O selector once
with a timeout of zero, runs all callbacks scheduled in response to
I/O events (and those that were already scheduled), and then exits.
If <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop()</span></code></a> is called while <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_forever()</span></code></a> is running,
this will run the current batch of callbacks and then exit. Note
that callbacks scheduled by callbacks will not run in that case;
they will run the next time <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_forever()</span></code></a> is called.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_until_complete">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">run_until_complete</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>future</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_until_complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Run until the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Future" title="asyncio.Future"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Future</span></code></a> is done.</p>
<p>If the argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine object</span></a>, it is wrapped by
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.ensure_future" title="asyncio.ensure_future"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">ensure_future()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Return the Future’s result, or raise its exception.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.is_running">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">is_running</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.is_running" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns running status of event loop.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">stop</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.stop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Stop running the event loop.</p>
<p>This causes <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_forever"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_forever()</span></code></a> to exit at the next suitable
opportunity (see there for more details).</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.is_closed">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">is_closed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.is_closed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the event loop was closed.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.close">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Close the event loop. The loop must not be running. Pending
callbacks will be lost.</p>
<p>This clears the queues and shuts down the executor, but does not wait for
the executor to finish.</p>
<p>This is idempotent and irreversible. No other methods should be called after
this one.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="calls">
<span id="asyncio-pass-keywords"></span><h2>18.5.1.2. Calls<a class="headerlink" href="#calls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Most <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a> functions don’t accept keywords. If you want to pass
keywords to your callback, use <a class="reference internal" href="functools.html#functools.partial" title="functools.partial"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">functools.partial()</span></code></a>. For example,
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">loop.call_soon(functools.partial(print,</span> <span class="pre">"Hello",</span> <span class="pre">flush=True))</span></code> will call
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">print("Hello",</span> <span class="pre">flush=True)</span></code>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="functools.html#functools.partial" title="functools.partial"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">functools.partial()</span></code></a> is better than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lambda</span></code> functions, because
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio.html#module-asyncio" title="asyncio: Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code></a> can inspect <a class="reference internal" href="functools.html#functools.partial" title="functools.partial"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">functools.partial()</span></code></a> object to display
parameters in debug mode, whereas <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lambda</span></code> functions have a poor
representation.</p>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">call_soon</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible. The callback is
called after <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_soon()</span></code></a> returns, when control returns to the event
loop.</p>
<p>This operates as a FIFO queue, callbacks are called in the order in
which they are registered. Each callback will be called exactly once.</p>
<p>Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to the
callback when it is called.</p>
<p>An instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Handle" title="asyncio.Handle"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Handle</span></code></a> is returned, which can be
used to cancel the callback.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">call_soon_threadsafe</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_soon()</span></code></a>, but thread safe.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#asyncio-multithreading"><span>concurrency and multithreading</span></a>
section of the documentation.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="delayed-calls">
<span id="asyncio-delayed-calls"></span><h2>18.5.1.3. Delayed calls<a class="headerlink" href="#delayed-calls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The event loop has its own internal clock for computing timeouts.
Which clock is used depends on the (platform-specific) event loop
implementation; ideally it is a monotonic clock. This will generally be
a different clock than <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.time()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Timeouts (relative <em>delay</em> or absolute <em>when</em>) should not exceed one day.</p>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">call_later</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>delay</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Arrange for the <em>callback</em> to be called after the given <em>delay</em>
seconds (either an int or float).</p>
<p>An instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Handle" title="asyncio.Handle"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Handle</span></code></a> is returned, which can be
used to cancel the callback.</p>
<p><em>callback</em> will be called exactly once per call to <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_later()</span></code></a>.
If two callbacks are scheduled for exactly the same time, it is
undefined which will be called first.</p>
<p>The optional positional <em>args</em> will be passed to the callback when it
is called. If you want the callback to be called with some named
arguments, use a closure or <a class="reference internal" href="functools.html#functools.partial" title="functools.partial"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">functools.partial()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_at">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">call_at</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>when</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_at" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Arrange for the <em>callback</em> to be called at the given absolute timestamp
<em>when</em> (an int or float), using the same time reference as
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.time" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.time"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.time()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>This method’s behavior is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_later()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>An instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Handle" title="asyncio.Handle"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Handle</span></code></a> is returned, which can be
used to cancel the callback.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.time">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">time</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the current time, as a <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a> value, according to the
event loop’s internal clock.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.sleep" title="asyncio.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.sleep()</span></code></a> function.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="futures">
<h2>18.5.1.4. Futures<a class="headerlink" href="#futures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_future">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_future</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_future" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create an <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Future" title="asyncio.Future"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Future</span></code></a> object attached to the loop.</p>
<p>This is a preferred way to create futures in asyncio, as event
loop implementations can provide alternative implementations
of the Future class (with better performance or instrumentation).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tasks">
<h2>18.5.1.5. Tasks<a class="headerlink" href="#tasks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_task">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_task</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>coro</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_task" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Schedule the execution of a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine object</span></a>: wrap it in
a future. Return a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a> object.</p>
<p>Third-party event loops can use their own subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a> for
interoperability. In this case, the result type is a subclass of
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>This method was added in Python 3.4.2. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.async" title="asyncio.async"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">async()</span></code></a> function to
support also older Python versions.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_task_factory">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">set_task_factory</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>factory</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_task_factory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set a task factory that will be used by
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_task" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_task"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_task()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>If <em>factory</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> the default task factory will be set.</p>
<p>If <em>factory</em> is a <em>callable</em>, it should have a signature matching
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(loop,</span> <span class="pre">coro)</span></code>, where <em>loop</em> will be a reference to the active
event loop, <em>coro</em> will be a coroutine object. The callable
must return an <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Future" title="asyncio.Future"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Future</span></code></a> compatible object.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_task_factory">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">get_task_factory</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_task_factory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a task factory, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the default one is in use.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="creating-connections">
<h2>18.5.1.6. Creating connections<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-connections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_connection</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>host=None</em>, <em>port=None</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>ssl=None</em>, <em>family=0</em>, <em>proto=0</em>, <em>flags=0</em>, <em>sock=None</em>, <em>local_addr=None</em>, <em>server_hostname=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet <em>host</em> and
<em>port</em>: socket family <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET" title="socket.AF_INET"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_INET</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET6" title="socket.AF_INET6"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_INET6</span></code></a> depending on <em>host</em> (or <em>family</em> if specified),
socket type <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_STREAM" title="socket.SOCK_STREAM"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOCK_STREAM</span></code></a>. <em>protocol_factory</em> must be a
callable returning a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-protocol"><span>protocol</span></a> instance.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a> which will try to
establish the connection in the background. When successful, the
coroutine returns a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</p>
<p>The chronological synopsis of the underlying operation is as follows:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>The connection is established, and a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-transport"><span>transport</span></a>
is created to represent it.</li>
<li><em>protocol_factory</em> is called without arguments and must return a
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-protocol"><span>protocol</span></a> instance.</li>
<li>The protocol instance is tied to the transport, and its
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">connection_made()</span></code> method is called.</li>
<li>The coroutine returns successfully with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code>
pair.</li>
</ol>
<p>The created transport is an implementation-dependent bidirectional stream.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><em>protocol_factory</em> can be any kind of callable, not necessarily
a class. For example, if you want to use a pre-created
protocol instance, you can pass <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lambda:</span> <span class="pre">my_protocol</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<p>Options that change how the connection is created:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><em>ssl</em>: if given and not false, a SSL/TLS transport is created
(by default a plain TCP transport is created). If <em>ssl</em> is
a <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object, this context is used to create
the transport; if <em>ssl</em> is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a>, a context with some
unspecified default settings is used.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span>SSL/TLS security considerations</span></a></p>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><em>server_hostname</em>, is only for use together with <em>ssl</em>,
and sets or overrides the hostname that the target server’s certificate
will be matched against. By default the value of the <em>host</em> argument
is used. If <em>host</em> is empty, there is no default and you must pass a
value for <em>server_hostname</em>. If <em>server_hostname</em> is an empty
string, hostname matching is disabled (which is a serious security
risk, allowing for man-in-the-middle-attacks).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><em>family</em>, <em>proto</em>, <em>flags</em> are the optional address family, protocol
and flags to be passed through to getaddrinfo() for <em>host</em> resolution.
If given, these should all be integers from the corresponding
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#module-socket" title="socket: Low-level networking interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a> module constants.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><em>sock</em>, if given, should be an existing, already connected
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket</span></code></a> object to be used by the transport.
If <em>sock</em> is given, none of <em>host</em>, <em>port</em>, <em>family</em>, <em>proto</em>, <em>flags</em>
and <em>local_addr</em> should be specified.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><em>local_addr</em>, if given, is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(local_host,</span> <span class="pre">local_port)</span></code> tuple used
to bind the socket to locally. The <em>local_host</em> and <em>local_port</em>
are looked up using getaddrinfo(), similarly to <em>host</em> and <em>port</em>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.ProactorEventLoop" title="asyncio.ProactorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ProactorEventLoop</span></code></a>, SSL/TLS is now supported.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_connection" title="asyncio.open_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open_connection()</span></code></a> function can be used to get a pair of
(<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamReader" title="asyncio.StreamReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">StreamReader</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamWriter" title="asyncio.StreamWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">StreamWriter</span></code></a>) instead of a protocol.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_datagram_endpoint">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_datagram_endpoint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>local_addr=None</em>, <em>remote_addr=None</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>family=0</em>, <em>proto=0</em>, <em>flags=0</em>, <em>reuse_address=None</em>, <em>reuse_port=None</em>, <em>allow_broadcast=None</em>, <em>sock=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_datagram_endpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create datagram connection: socket family <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET" title="socket.AF_INET"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_INET</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET6" title="socket.AF_INET6"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_INET6</span></code></a> depending on <em>host</em> (or <em>family</em> if specified),
socket type <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_DGRAM" title="socket.SOCK_DGRAM"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOCK_DGRAM</span></code></a>. <em>protocol_factory</em> must be a
callable returning a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-protocol"><span>protocol</span></a> instance.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a> which will try to
establish the connection in the background. When successful, the
coroutine returns a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</p>
<p>Options changing how the connection is created:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><em>local_addr</em>, if given, is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(local_host,</span> <span class="pre">local_port)</span></code> tuple used
to bind the socket to locally. The <em>local_host</em> and <em>local_port</em>
are looked up using <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getaddrinfo()</span></code></a>.</li>
<li><em>remote_addr</em>, if given, is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(remote_host,</span> <span class="pre">remote_port)</span></code> tuple used
to connect the socket to a remote address. The <em>remote_host</em> and
<em>remote_port</em> are looked up using <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getaddrinfo()</span></code></a>.</li>
<li><em>family</em>, <em>proto</em>, <em>flags</em> are the optional address family, protocol
and flags to be passed through to <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getaddrinfo()</span></code></a> for <em>host</em>
resolution. If given, these should all be integers from the
corresponding <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#module-socket" title="socket: Low-level networking interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a> module constants.</li>
<li><em>reuse_address</em> tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in
TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to
expire. If not specified will automatically be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> on
UNIX.</li>
<li><em>reuse_port</em> tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the
same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all
set this flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows
and some UNIX’s. If the <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SO_REUSEPORT</span></code> constant is not
defined then this capability is unsupported.</li>
<li><em>allow_broadcast</em> tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send
messages to the broadcast address.</li>
<li><em>sock</em> can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting,
already connected, <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket</span></code></a> object to be used by the
transport. If specified, <em>local_addr</em> and <em>remote_addr</em> should be omitted
(must be <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>).</li>
</ul>
<p>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.ProactorEventLoop" title="asyncio.ProactorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ProactorEventLoop</span></code></a>, this method is not supported.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-udp-echo-client-protocol"><span>UDP echo client protocol</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-udp-echo-server-protocol"><span>UDP echo server protocol</span></a> examples.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_unix_connection">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_unix_connection</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>path</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>ssl=None</em>, <em>sock=None</em>, <em>server_hostname=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_unix_connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create UNIX connection: socket family <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_UNIX" title="socket.AF_UNIX"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_UNIX</span></code></a>, socket
type <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_STREAM" title="socket.SOCK_STREAM"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOCK_STREAM</span></code></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_UNIX" title="socket.AF_UNIX"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_UNIX</span></code></a> socket
family is used to communicate between processes on the same machine
efficiently.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a> which will try to
establish the connection in the background. When successful, the
coroutine returns a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</p>
<p><em>path</em> is the name of a UNIX domain socket, and is required unless a <em>sock</em>
parameter is specified. Abstract UNIX sockets, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> paths are supported.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()</span></code></a> method for parameters.</p>
<p>Availability: UNIX.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="creating-listening-connections">
<h2>18.5.1.7. Creating listening connections<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-listening-connections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_server</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>host=None</em>, <em>port=None</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>family=socket.AF_UNSPEC</em>, <em>flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE</em>, <em>sock=None</em>, <em>backlog=100</em>, <em>ssl=None</em>, <em>reuse_address=None</em>, <em>reuse_port=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a TCP server (socket type <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_STREAM" title="socket.SOCK_STREAM"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOCK_STREAM</span></code></a>) bound to
<em>host</em> and <em>port</em>.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server" title="asyncio.Server"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Server</span></code></a> object, its <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server.sockets" title="asyncio.Server.sockets"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">sockets</span></code></a> attribute
contains created sockets. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server.close" title="asyncio.Server.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Server.close()</span></code></a> method to stop the
server: close listening sockets.</p>
<p>Parameters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <em>host</em> parameter can be a string, in that case the TCP server is
bound to <em>host</em> and <em>port</em>. The <em>host</em> parameter can also be a sequence
of strings and in that case the TCP server is bound to all hosts of the
sequence. If <em>host</em> is an empty string or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, all interfaces are
assumed and a list of multiple sockets will be returned (most likely one
for IPv4 and another one for IPv6).</li>
<li><em>family</em> can be set to either <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET" title="socket.AF_INET"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.AF_INET</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET6" title="socket.AF_INET6"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_INET6</span></code></a> to force the socket to use IPv4 or IPv6. If not set
it will be determined from host (defaults to <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.AF_UNSPEC</span></code>).</li>
<li><em>flags</em> is a bitmask for <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getaddrinfo()</span></code></a>.</li>
<li><em>sock</em> can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
socket object. If specified, <em>host</em> and <em>port</em> should be omitted (must be
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>).</li>
<li><em>backlog</em> is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket.listen" title="socket.socket.listen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen()</span></code></a> (defaults to 100).</li>
<li><em>ssl</em> can be set to an <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SSLContext</span></code></a> to enable SSL over the
accepted connections.</li>
<li><em>reuse_address</em> tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in
TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to
expire. If not specified will automatically be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> on
UNIX.</li>
<li><em>reuse_port</em> tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the
same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all
set this flag when being created. This option is not supported on
Windows.</li>
</ul>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.ProactorEventLoop" title="asyncio.ProactorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ProactorEventLoop</span></code></a>, SSL/TLS is now supported.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The function <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_server" title="asyncio.start_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_server()</span></code></a> creates a (<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamReader" title="asyncio.StreamReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">StreamReader</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.StreamWriter" title="asyncio.StreamWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">StreamWriter</span></code></a>) pair and calls back a function with this pair.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5.1: </span>The <em>host</em> parameter can now be a sequence of strings.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_unix_server">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">create_unix_server</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>path=None</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>sock=None</em>, <em>backlog=100</em>, <em>ssl=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_unix_server" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_server()</span></code></a>, but specific to the
socket family <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_UNIX" title="socket.AF_UNIX"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">AF_UNIX</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
<p>Availability: UNIX.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.BaseEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">BaseEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">connect_accepted_socket</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>sock</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>ssl=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.BaseEventLoop.connect_accepted_socket" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Handle an accepted connection.</p>
<p>This is used by servers that accept connections outside of
asyncio but that use asyncio to handle them.</p>
<p>Parameters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><em>sock</em> is a preexisting socket object returned from an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">accept</span></code>
call.</li>
<li><em>ssl</em> can be set to an <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SSLContext</span></code></a> to enable SSL over the
accepted connections.</li>
</ul>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>. When completed, the
coroutine returns a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="watch-file-descriptors">
<h2>18.5.1.8. Watch file descriptors<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-file-descriptors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a>, only socket handles are supported
(ex: pipe file descriptors are not supported).</p>
<p>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.ProactorEventLoop" title="asyncio.ProactorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ProactorEventLoop</span></code></a>, these methods are not supported.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">add_reader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Start watching the file descriptor for read availability and then call the
<em>callback</em> with specified arguments.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_reader">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">remove_reader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_reader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Stop watching the file descriptor for read availability.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_writer">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">add_writer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_writer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Start watching the file descriptor for write availability and then call the
<em>callback</em> with specified arguments.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_writer">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">remove_writer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_writer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Stop watching the file descriptor for write availability.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-watch-read-event"><span>watch a file descriptor for read events</span></a>
example uses the low-level <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.add_reader()</span></code></a> method to register
the file descriptor of a socket.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="low-level-socket-operations">
<h2>18.5.1.9. Low-level socket operations<a class="headerlink" href="#low-level-socket-operations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_recv">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">sock_recv</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sock</em>, <em>nbytes</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_recv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Receive data from the socket. Modeled after blocking
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket.recv" title="socket.socket.recv"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket.recv()</span></code></a> method.</p>
<p>The return value is a bytes object
representing the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received
at once is specified by <em>nbytes</em>.</p>
<p>With <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> event loop, the socket <em>sock</em> must be
non-blocking.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_sendall">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">sock_sendall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sock</em>, <em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_sendall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Send data to the socket. Modeled after blocking
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket.sendall" title="socket.socket.sendall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket.sendall()</span></code></a> method.</p>
<p>The socket must be connected to a remote socket.
This method continues to send data from <em>data</em> until either all data has
been sent or an error occurs. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> is returned on success. On error,
an exception is raised, and there is no way to determine how much data, if
any, was successfully processed by the receiving end of the connection.</p>
<p>With <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> event loop, the socket <em>sock</em> must be
non-blocking.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_connect">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">sock_connect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sock</em>, <em>address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Connect to a remote socket at <em>address</em>. Modeled after
blocking <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket.connect" title="socket.socket.connect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket.connect()</span></code></a> method.</p>
<p>With <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> event loop, the socket <em>sock</em> must be
non-blocking.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5.2: </span><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">address</span></code> no longer needs to be resolved. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sock_connect</span></code>
will try to check if the <em>address</em> is already resolved by calling
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.inet_pton" title="socket.inet_pton"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.inet_pton()</span></code></a>. If not,
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo()</span></code></a> will be used to resolve the
<em>address</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()</span></code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_connection" title="asyncio.open_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.open_connection()</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_accept">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">sock_accept</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sock</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.sock_accept" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Accept a connection. Modeled after blocking
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket.accept" title="socket.socket.accept"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket.accept()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>The socket must be bound to an address and listening
for connections. The return value is a pair <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(conn,</span> <span class="pre">address)</span></code> where <em>conn</em>
is a <em>new</em> socket object usable to send and receive data on the connection,
and <em>address</em> is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the
connection.</p>
<p>The socket <em>sock</em> must be non-blocking.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_server()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_server" title="asyncio.start_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_server()</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="resolve-host-name">
<h2>18.5.1.10. Resolve host name<a class="headerlink" href="#resolve-host-name" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">getaddrinfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host</em>, <em>port</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>family=0</em>, <em>type=0</em>, <em>proto=0</em>, <em>flags=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>, similar to
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.getaddrinfo" title="socket.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.getaddrinfo()</span></code></a> function but non-blocking.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getnameinfo">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">getnameinfo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sockaddr</em>, <em>flags=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.getnameinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>, similar to
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.getnameinfo" title="socket.getnameinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.getnameinfo()</span></code></a> function but non-blocking.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="connect-pipes">
<h2>18.5.1.11. Connect pipes<a class="headerlink" href="#connect-pipes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>On Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a>, these methods are not supported.
Use <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.ProactorEventLoop" title="asyncio.ProactorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ProactorEventLoop</span></code></a> to support pipes on Windows.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.connect_read_pipe">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">connect_read_pipe</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>pipe</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.connect_read_pipe" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Register read pipe in eventloop.</p>
<p><em>protocol_factory</em> should instantiate object with <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.Protocol" title="asyncio.Protocol"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Protocol</span></code></a>
interface. <em>pipe</em> is a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file-like object</span></a>.
Return pair <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code>, where <em>transport</em> supports the
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.ReadTransport" title="asyncio.ReadTransport"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ReadTransport</span></code></a> interface.</p>
<p>With <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> event loop, the <em>pipe</em> is set to
non-blocking mode.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.connect_write_pipe">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">connect_write_pipe</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>protocol_factory</em>, <em>pipe</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.connect_write_pipe" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Register write pipe in eventloop.</p>
<p><em>protocol_factory</em> should instantiate object with <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseProtocol</span></code>
interface. <em>pipe</em> is <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file-like object</span></a>.
Return pair <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code>, where <em>transport</em> supports
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport" title="asyncio.WriteTransport"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">WriteTransport</span></code></a> interface.</p>
<p>With <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#asyncio.SelectorEventLoop" title="asyncio.SelectorEventLoop"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectorEventLoop</span></code></a> event loop, the <em>pipe</em> is set to
non-blocking mode.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_exec()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_shell" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_shell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_shell()</span></code></a> methods.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unix-signals">
<h2>18.5.1.12. UNIX signals<a class="headerlink" href="#unix-signals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Availability: UNIX only.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">add_signal_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>signum</em>, <em>callback</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a handler for a signal.</p>
<p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if the signal number is invalid or uncatchable.
Raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> if there is a problem setting up the handler.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_signal_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">remove_signal_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sig</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.remove_signal_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Remove a handler for a signal.</p>
<p>Return <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if a signal handler was removed, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code> if not.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a> module.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="executor">
<h2>18.5.1.13. Executor<a class="headerlink" href="#executor" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Call a function in an <a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.Executor" title="concurrent.futures.Executor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Executor</span></code></a> (pool of threads or
pool of processes). By default, an event loop uses a thread pool executor
(<a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor" title="concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ThreadPoolExecutor</span></code></a>).</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_in_executor">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">run_in_executor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>executor</em>, <em>func</em>, <em>*args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_in_executor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Arrange for a <em>func</em> to be called in the specified executor.</p>
<p>The <em>executor</em> argument should be an <a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.Executor" title="concurrent.futures.Executor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Executor</span></code></a>
instance. The default executor is used if <em>executor</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio-pass-keywords"><span>Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the *func*</span></a>.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5.3: </span><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseEventLoop.run_in_executor()</span></code> no longer configures the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_workers</span></code> of the thread pool executor it creates, instead
leaving it up to the thread pool executor
(<a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor" title="concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ThreadPoolExecutor</span></code></a>) to set the
default.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_default_executor">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">set_default_executor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>executor</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_default_executor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the default executor used by <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_in_executor" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.run_in_executor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_in_executor()</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="error-handling-api">
<h2>18.5.1.14. Error Handling API<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Allows customizing how exceptions are handled in the event loop.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_exception_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">set_exception_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>handler</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_exception_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set <em>handler</em> as the new event loop exception handler.</p>
<p>If <em>handler</em> is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the default exception handler will
be set.</p>
<p>If <em>handler</em> is a callable object, it should have a
matching signature to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(loop,</span> <span class="pre">context)</span></code>, where <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">loop</span></code>
will be a reference to the active event loop, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">context</span></code>
will be a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></code> object (see <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_exception_handler()</span></code></a>
documentation for details about context).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_exception_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">get_exception_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_exception_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the exception handler, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the default one
is in use.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.default_exception_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">default_exception_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>context</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.default_exception_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Default exception handler.</p>
<p>This is called when an exception occurs and no exception
handler is set, and can be called by a custom exception
handler that wants to defer to the default behavior.</p>
<p><em>context</em> parameter has the same meaning as in
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">call_exception_handler()</span></code></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">call_exception_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>context</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_exception_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Call the current event loop exception handler.</p>
<p><em>context</em> is a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></code> object containing the following keys
(new keys may be introduced later):</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>‘message’: Error message;</li>
<li>‘exception’ (optional): Exception object;</li>
<li>‘future’ (optional): <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Future" title="asyncio.Future"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Future</span></code></a> instance;</li>
<li>‘handle’ (optional): <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Handle" title="asyncio.Handle"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">asyncio.Handle</span></code></a> instance;</li>
<li>‘protocol’ (optional): <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-protocol"><span>Protocol</span></a> instance;</li>
<li>‘transport’ (optional): <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-transport"><span>Transport</span></a> instance;</li>
<li>‘socket’ (optional): <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket</span></code></a> instance.</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Note: this method should not be overloaded in subclassed
event loops. For any custom exception handling, use
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_exception_handler" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_exception_handler()</span></code></a> method.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="debug-mode">
<h2>18.5.1.15. Debug mode<a class="headerlink" href="#debug-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_debug">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">get_debug</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.get_debug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get the debug mode (<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bool" title="bool"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></a>) of the event loop.</p>
<p>The default value is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the environment variable
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG</span></code></a> is set to a non-empty string, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></code>
otherwise.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_debug">
<code class="descclassname">AbstractEventLoop.</code><code class="descname">set_debug</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>enabled: bool</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.set_debug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the debug mode of the event loop.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#asyncio-debug-mode"><span>debug mode of asyncio</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="server">
<h2>18.5.1.16. Server<a class="headerlink" href="#server" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="asyncio.Server">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">asyncio.</code><code class="descname">Server</code><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Server" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Server listening on sockets.</p>
<p>Object created by the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_server()</span></code></a> method and the
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.start_server" title="asyncio.start_server"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_server()</span></code></a> function. Don’t instantiate the class directly.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.Server.close">
<code class="descname">close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Server.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Stop serving: close listening sockets and set the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server.sockets" title="asyncio.Server.sockets"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">sockets</span></code></a>
attribute to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<p>The sockets that represent existing incoming client connections are left
open.</p>
<p>The server is closed asynchronously, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server.wait_closed" title="asyncio.Server.wait_closed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">wait_closed()</span></code></a>
coroutine to wait until the server is closed.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.Server.wait_closed">
<em class="property">coroutine </em><code class="descname">wait_closed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Server.wait_closed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Wait until the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.Server.close" title="asyncio.Server.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> method completes.</p>
<p>This method is a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="asyncio.Server.sockets">
<code class="descname">sockets</code><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Server.sockets" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>List of <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.socket</span></code></a> objects the server is listening to, or
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the server is closed.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="handle">
<h2>18.5.1.17. Handle<a class="headerlink" href="#handle" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="asyncio.Handle">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">asyncio.</code><code class="descname">Handle</code><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Handle" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A callback wrapper object returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_soon()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_later()</span></code></a>,
and <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_at" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_at"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_at()</span></code></a>.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="asyncio.Handle.cancel">
<code class="descname">cancel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#asyncio.Handle.cancel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Cancel the call. If the callback is already canceled or executed,
this method has no effect.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="event-loop-examples">
<h2>18.5.1.18. Event loop examples<a class="headerlink" href="#event-loop-examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="hello-world-with-call-soon">
<span id="asyncio-hello-world-callback"></span><h3>18.5.1.18.1. Hello World with call_soon()<a class="headerlink" href="#hello-world-with-call-soon" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Example using the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_soon()</span></code></a> method to schedule a
callback. The callback displays <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"Hello</span> <span class="pre">World"</span></code> and then stops the event
loop:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">hello_world</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Hello World'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_event_loop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Schedule a call to hello_world()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">call_soon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hello_world</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run_forever</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-hello-world-coroutine"><span>Hello World coroutine</span></a> example
uses a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="display-the-current-date-with-call-later">
<span id="asyncio-date-callback"></span><h3>18.5.1.18.2. Display the current date with call_later()<a class="headerlink" href="#display-the-current-date-with-call-later" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Example of callback displaying the current date every second. The callback uses
the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.call_later"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.call_later()</span></code></a> method to reschedule itself during 5
seconds, and then stops the event loop:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">display_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">end_time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">end_time</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">call_later</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">display_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end_time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_event_loop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Schedule the first call to display_date()</span>
<span class="n">end_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">call_soon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end_time</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run_forever</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio-date-coroutine"><span>coroutine displaying the current date</span></a> example uses a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutine"><span>coroutine</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="watch-a-file-descriptor-for-read-events">
<span id="asyncio-watch-read-event"></span><h3>18.5.1.18.3. Watch a file descriptor for read events<a class="headerlink" href="#watch-a-file-descriptor-for-read-events" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Wait until a file descriptor received some data using the
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_reader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.add_reader()</span></code></a> method and then close the event loop:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">socket</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">socketpair</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">asyncio.windows_utils</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">socketpair</span>
<span class="c1"># Create a pair of connected file descriptors</span>
<span class="n">rsock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wsock</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">socketpair</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_event_loop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">reader</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rsock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">recv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Received:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># We are done: unregister the file descriptor</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove_reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rsock</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Stop the event loop</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Register the file descriptor for read event</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rsock</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Simulate the reception of data from the network</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">call_soon</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wsock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'abc'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encode</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="c1"># Run the event loop</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run_forever</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># We are done, close sockets and the event loop</span>
<span class="n">rsock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">wsock</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-register-socket"><span>register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol</span></a> example uses a low-level protocol created by the
<a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()</span></code></a> method.</p>
<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio-register-socket-streams"><span>register an open socket to wait for data using streams</span></a> example uses high-level streams
created by the <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#asyncio.open_connection" title="asyncio.open_connection"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open_connection()</span></code></a> function in a coroutine.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="set-signal-handlers-for-sigint-and-sigterm">
<h3>18.5.1.18.4. Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM<a class="headerlink" href="#set-signal-handlers-for-sigint-and-sigterm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Register handlers for signals <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SIGINT</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">SIGTERM</span></code> using
the <a class="reference internal" href="#asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler()</span></code></a> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">functools</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">signal</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ask_exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">signame</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"got signal </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: exit"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">signame</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_event_loop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">signame</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SIGINT'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'SIGTERM'</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_signal_handler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">signal</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">signame</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">functools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">partial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ask_exit</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">signame</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Event loop running forever, press Ctrl+C to interrupt."</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"pid </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: send SIGINT or SIGTERM to exit."</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpid</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run_forever</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">loop</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This example only works on UNIX.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">18.5.1. Base Event Loop</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#run-an-event-loop">18.5.1.1. Run an event loop</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#calls">18.5.1.2. Calls</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#delayed-calls">18.5.1.3. Delayed calls</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#futures">18.5.1.4. Futures</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tasks">18.5.1.5. Tasks</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-connections">18.5.1.6. Creating connections</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-listening-connections">18.5.1.7. Creating listening connections</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#watch-file-descriptors">18.5.1.8. Watch file descriptors</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#low-level-socket-operations">18.5.1.9. Low-level socket operations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#resolve-host-name">18.5.1.10. Resolve host name</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connect-pipes">18.5.1.11. Connect pipes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unix-signals">18.5.1.12. UNIX signals</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#executor">18.5.1.13. Executor</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#error-handling-api">18.5.1.14. Error Handling API</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debug-mode">18.5.1.15. Debug mode</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#server">18.5.1.16. Server</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handle">18.5.1.17. Handle</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#event-loop-examples">18.5.1.18. Event loop examples</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hello-world-with-call-soon">18.5.1.18.1. Hello World with call_soon()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#display-the-current-date-with-call-later">18.5.1.18.2. Display the current date with call_later()</a></li>
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