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<div class="section" id="python-runtime-services">
<span id="python"></span><h1>29. Python Runtime Services<a class="headerlink" href="#python-runtime-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related
to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an
overview:</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sys.html">29.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> — System-specific parameters and functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html">29.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> — Provide access to Python’s configuration information</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#configuration-variables">29.2.1. Configuration variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#installation-paths">29.2.2. Installation paths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#other-functions">29.2.3. Other functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#using-sysconfig-as-a-script">29.2.4. Using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> as a script</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="builtins.html">29.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code> — Built-in objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__main__.html">29.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> — Top-level script environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html">29.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code> — Warning control</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warning-categories">29.5.1. Warning Categories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#the-warnings-filter">29.5.2. The Warnings Filter</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#default-warning-filters">29.5.2.1. Default Warning Filters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings">29.5.3. Temporarily Suppressing Warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#testing-warnings">29.5.4. Testing Warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-python">29.5.5. Updating Code For New Versions of Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-functions">29.5.6. Available Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-context-managers">29.5.7. Available Context Managers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html">29.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">contextlib</span></code> — Utilities for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></code>-statement contexts</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#utilities">29.6.1. Utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#examples-and-recipes">29.6.2. Examples and Recipes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#supporting-a-variable-number-of-context-managers">29.6.2.1. Supporting a variable number of context managers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#simplifying-support-for-single-optional-context-managers">29.6.2.2. Simplifying support for single optional context managers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#catching-exceptions-from-enter-methods">29.6.2.3. Catching exceptions from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#cleaning-up-in-an-enter-implementation">29.6.2.4. Cleaning up in an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></code> implementation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#replacing-any-use-of-try-finally-and-flag-variables">29.6.2.5. Replacing any use of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">try-finally</span></code> and flag variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#using-a-context-manager-as-a-function-decorator">29.6.2.6. Using a context manager as a function decorator</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#single-use-reusable-and-reentrant-context-managers">29.6.3. Single use, reusable and reentrant context managers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#reentrant-context-managers">29.6.3.1. Reentrant context managers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html#reusable-context-managers">29.6.3.2. Reusable context managers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="abc.html">29.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">abc</span></code> — Abstract Base Classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html">29.8. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> — Exit handlers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html#atexit-example">29.8.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html">29.9. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code> — Print or retrieve a stack traceback</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#tracebackexception-objects">29.9.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TracebackException</span></code> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#stacksummary-objects">29.9.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">StackSummary</span></code> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#framesummary-objects">29.9.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FrameSummary</span></code> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#traceback-examples">29.9.4. Traceback Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html">29.10. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> — Future statement definitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gc.html">29.11. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> — Garbage Collector interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html">29.12. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> — Inspect live objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#types-and-members">29.12.1. Types and members</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#retrieving-source-code">29.12.2. Retrieving source code</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object">29.12.3. Introspecting callables with the Signature object</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#classes-and-functions">29.12.4. Classes and functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack">29.12.5. The interpreter stack</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#fetching-attributes-statically">29.12.6. Fetching attributes statically</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#current-state-of-generators-and-coroutines">29.12.7. Current State of Generators and Coroutines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#code-objects-bit-flags">29.12.8. Code Objects Bit Flags</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#command-line-interface">29.12.9. Command Line Interface</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html">29.13. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">site</span></code> — Site-specific configuration hook</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html#readline-configuration">29.13.1. Readline configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html#module-contents">29.13.2. Module contents</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html">29.14. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fpectl</span></code> — Floating point exception control</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#example">29.14.1. Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#limitations-and-other-considerations">29.14.2. Limitations and other considerations</a></li>
</ul>
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