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  <div class="section" id="text-processing-services">
<span id="textservices"></span><span id="stringservices"></span><h1>6. Text Processing Services<a class="headerlink" href="#text-processing-services" title="Permalink to this headline">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of string
manipulation operations and other text processing services.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="codecs.html#module-codecs" title="codecs: Encode and decode data and streams."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">codecs</span></code></a> module described under <a class="reference internal" href="binary.html#binaryservices"><span>Binary Data Services</span></a> is also
highly relevant to text processing. In addition, see the documentation for
Python&#8217;s built-in string type in <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#textseq"><span>Text Sequence Type &#8212; str</span></a>.</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html">6.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></code> &#8212; Common string operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#string-constants">6.1.1. String constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#custom-string-formatting">6.1.2. Custom String Formatting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#format-string-syntax">6.1.3. Format String Syntax</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#format-specification-mini-language">6.1.3.1. Format Specification Mini-Language</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#format-examples">6.1.3.2. Format examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#template-strings">6.1.4. Template strings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string.html#helper-functions">6.1.5. Helper functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html">6.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">re</span></code> &#8212; Regular expression operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#regular-expression-syntax">6.2.1. Regular Expression Syntax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#module-contents">6.2.2. Module Contents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#regular-expression-objects">6.2.3. Regular Expression Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#match-objects">6.2.4. Match Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#regular-expression-examples">6.2.5. Regular Expression Examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#checking-for-a-pair">6.2.5.1. Checking for a Pair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#simulating-scanf">6.2.5.2. Simulating scanf()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#search-vs-match">6.2.5.3. search() vs. match()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#making-a-phonebook">6.2.5.4. Making a Phonebook</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#text-munging">6.2.5.5. Text Munging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#finding-all-adverbs">6.2.5.6. Finding all Adverbs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#finding-all-adverbs-and-their-positions">6.2.5.7. Finding all Adverbs and their Positions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#raw-string-notation">6.2.5.8. Raw String Notation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="re.html#writing-a-tokenizer">6.2.5.9. Writing a Tokenizer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="difflib.html">6.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">difflib</span></code> &#8212; Helpers for computing deltas</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="difflib.html#sequencematcher-objects">6.3.1. SequenceMatcher Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="difflib.html#differ-objects">6.3.3. Differ Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="difflib.html#differ-example">6.3.4. Differ Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="difflib.html#a-command-line-interface-to-difflib">6.3.5. A command-line interface to difflib</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="textwrap.html">6.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">textwrap</span></code> &#8212; Text wrapping and filling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="unicodedata.html">6.5. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicodedata</span></code> &#8212; Unicode Database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="stringprep.html">6.6. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stringprep</span></code> &#8212; Internet String Preparation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html">6.7. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline</span></code> &#8212; GNU readline interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#init-file">6.7.1. Init file</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#line-buffer">6.7.2. Line buffer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#history-file">6.7.3. History file</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#history-list">6.7.4. History list</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#startup-hooks">6.7.5. Startup hooks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#completion">6.7.6. Completion</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#example">6.7.7. Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html">6.8. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rlcompleter</span></code> &#8212; Completion function for GNU readline</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="rlcompleter.html#completer-objects">6.8.1. Completer Objects</a></li>
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