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<div class="section" id="graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk">
<span id="tkinter"></span><h1>25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk<a class="headerlink" href="#graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">Tk/Tcl has long been an integral part of Python. It provides a robust and
platform independent windowing toolkit, that is available to Python programmers
using the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> package, and its extension, the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#module-tkinter.tix" title="tkinter.tix: Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code></a> and
the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#module-tkinter.ttk" title="tkinter.ttk: Tk themed widget set"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code></a> modules.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> package is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk. To
use <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a>, you don’t need to write Tcl code, but you will need to
consult the Tk documentation, and occasionally the Tcl documentation.
<a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> is a set of wrappers that implement the Tk widgets as Python
classes. In addition, the internal module <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">_tkinter</span></code> provides a threadsafe
mechanism which allows Python and Tcl to interact.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a>‘s chief virtues are that it is fast, and that it usually comes
bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is weak, good
material is available, which includes: references, tutorials, a book and
others. <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> is also famous for having an outdated look and feel,
which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5. Nevertheless, there are many other
GUI libraries that you could be interested in. For more information about
alternatives, see the <a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html#other-gui-packages"><span>Other Graphical User Interface Packages</span></a> section.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html">25.1. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code> — Python interface to Tcl/Tk</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-modules">25.1.1. Tkinter Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-life-preserver">25.1.2. Tkinter Life Preserver</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-to-use-this-section">25.1.2.1. How To Use This Section</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-simple-hello-world-program">25.1.2.2. A Simple Hello World Program</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-very-quick-look-at-tcl-tk">25.1.3. A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#mapping-basic-tk-into-tkinter">25.1.4. Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-tk-and-tkinter-are-related">25.1.5. How Tk and Tkinter are Related</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#handy-reference">25.1.6. Handy Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#setting-options">25.1.6.1. Setting Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-packer">25.1.6.2. The Packer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#packer-options">25.1.6.3. Packer Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#coupling-widget-variables">25.1.6.4. Coupling Widget Variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-window-manager">25.1.6.5. The Window Manager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tk-option-data-types">25.1.6.6. Tk Option Data Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#bindings-and-events">25.1.6.7. Bindings and Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-index-parameter">25.1.6.8. The index Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#images">25.1.6.9. Images</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#file-handlers">25.1.7. File Handlers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html">25.2. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code> — Tk themed widgets</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#using-ttk">25.2.1. Using Ttk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widgets">25.2.2. Ttk Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#widget">25.2.3. Widget</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#standard-options">25.2.3.1. Standard Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#scrollable-widget-options">25.2.3.2. Scrollable Widget Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#label-options">25.2.3.3. Label Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#compatibility-options">25.2.3.4. Compatibility Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#widget-states">25.2.3.5. Widget States</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widget">25.2.3.6. ttk.Widget</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#combobox">25.2.4. Combobox</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#options">25.2.4.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#virtual-events">25.2.4.2. Virtual events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-combobox">25.2.4.3. ttk.Combobox</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#notebook">25.2.5. Notebook</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id1">25.2.5.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tab-options">25.2.5.2. Tab Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tab-identifiers">25.2.5.3. Tab Identifiers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id2">25.2.5.4. Virtual Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-notebook">25.2.5.5. ttk.Notebook</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#progressbar">25.2.6. Progressbar</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id3">25.2.6.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-progressbar">25.2.6.2. ttk.Progressbar</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#separator">25.2.7. Separator</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id4">25.2.7.1. Options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#sizegrip">25.2.8. Sizegrip</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#platform-specific-notes">25.2.8.1. Platform-specific notes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#bugs">25.2.8.2. Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#treeview">25.2.9. Treeview</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id5">25.2.9.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#item-options">25.2.9.2. Item Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tag-options">25.2.9.3. Tag Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#column-identifiers">25.2.9.4. Column Identifiers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id6">25.2.9.5. Virtual Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-treeview">25.2.9.6. ttk.Treeview</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-styling">25.2.10. Ttk Styling</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#layouts">25.2.10.1. Layouts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html">25.3. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code> — Extension widgets for Tk</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#using-tix">25.3.1. Using Tix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tix-widgets">25.3.2. Tix Widgets</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#basic-widgets">25.3.2.1. Basic Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#file-selectors">25.3.2.2. File Selectors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#hierarchical-listbox">25.3.2.3. Hierarchical ListBox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tabular-listbox">25.3.2.4. Tabular ListBox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#manager-widgets">25.3.2.5. Manager Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#image-types">25.3.2.6. Image Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#miscellaneous-widgets">25.3.2.7. Miscellaneous Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#form-geometry-manager">25.3.2.8. Form Geometry Manager</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tix-commands">25.3.3. Tix Commands</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.scrolledtext.html">25.4. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tkinter.scrolledtext</span></code> — Scrolled Text Widget</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html">25.5. IDLE</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#menus">25.5.1. Menus</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#file-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.1. File menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#edit-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.2. Edit menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#format-menu-editor-window-only">25.5.1.3. Format menu (Editor window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#run-menu-editor-window-only">25.5.1.4. Run menu (Editor window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#shell-menu-shell-window-only">25.5.1.5. Shell menu (Shell window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#debug-menu-shell-window-only">25.5.1.6. Debug menu (Shell window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#options-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.7. Options menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#window-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.8. Window menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#help-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.9. Help menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#context-menus">25.5.1.10. Context Menus</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#editing-and-navigation">25.5.2. Editing and navigation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#automatic-indentation">25.5.2.1. Automatic indentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#completions">25.5.2.2. Completions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#calltips">25.5.2.3. Calltips</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#text-colors">25.5.2.5. Text colors</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#startup-and-code-execution">25.5.3. Startup and code execution</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#command-line-usage">25.5.3.1. Command line usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#idle-console-differences">25.5.3.2. IDLE-console differences</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#running-without-a-subprocess">25.5.3.3. Running without a subprocess</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#additional-help-sources">25.5.4.1. Additional help sources</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#setting-preferences">25.5.4.2. Setting preferences</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#extensions">25.5.4.3. Extensions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html">25.6. Other Graphical User Interface Packages</a></li>
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