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<div class="document" id="unix-cygwin-mingw-compilation">
<h1 class="title">UNIX/Cygwin/MinGW Compilation</h1>
<!-- -*- mode: rst -*- -->
<!-- This text is in reStucturedText format, so it may look a bit odd. -->
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<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#archive-formats" id="id1">Archive Formats</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-configuration" id="id2">Build Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#optional-features" id="id3">Optional Features</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#optional-packages-options" id="id4">Optional Packages/Options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-under-cygwin" id="id5">Building under Cygwin</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-under-mingw-msys" id="id6">Building under MinGW & MSYS</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-compilation-on-unix-linux-host" id="id7">Cross-compilation On Unix/Linux Host</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dealing-with-configuration-failures" id="id8">Dealing with configuration failures</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#makefile-build-targets" id="id9">Makefile Build Targets</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-install" id="id10">Build & Install</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#verifying-the-build" id="id11">Verifying The Build</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="archive-formats">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Archive Formats</a></h1>
<p>GraphicsMagick is distributed in a number of different archive formats.
The source code must be extracted prior to compilation as follows:</p>
<p>7z</p>
<blockquote>
<p>7-Zip archive format. The Z-Zip format may be extracted under Unix
using '7za' from the P7ZIP package (<a class="reference external" href="http://p7zip.sourceforge.net/">http://p7zip.sourceforge.net/</a>).
Extract similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
7za x GraphicsMagick-1.3.7z
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>.tar.bz2</p>
<blockquote>
<p>BZip2 compressed tar archive format. Requires that both the bzip2
(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bzip.org/">http://www.bzip.org/</a>) and tar programs to be available. Extract
similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bzip2 -d GraphicsMagick-1.3.tar.bz | tar -xvf -
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>.tar.gz</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Gzip compressed tar archive format. Requires that both the gzip
(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.gzip.org/">http://www.gzip.org/</a>) and tar programs to be available. Extract
similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gzip -d GraphicsMagick-1.3.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>.tar.lz</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Lzip compressed tar archive format. Requires that both the lzip
(<a class="reference external" href="http://lzip.nongnu.org/lzip.html">http://lzip.nongnu.org/lzip.html</a>) and tar programs to be
available. Extract similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
lzip -d -c GraphicsMagick-1.3.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>.tar.xz</p>
<blockquote>
<p>LZMA compressed tar archive format. Requires that LZMA utils
(<a class="reference external" href="http://tukaani.org/lzma/">http://tukaani.org/lzma/</a>) and tar programs to be available. Extract
similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
xz -d GraphicsMagick-1.3.tar.xz | tar -xvf -
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>zip</p>
<blockquote>
<p>PK-ZIP archive format. Requires that the unzip program from Info-Zip
(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.info-zip.org/UnZip.html">http://www.info-zip.org/UnZip.html</a>) be available. Extract similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
unzip GraphicsMagick-1.3.zip
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>The GraphicsMagick source code is extracted into a subdirectory
similar to 'GraphicsMagick-1.3'. After the source code extracted,
change to the new directory (using the actual directory name) using
a command similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cd GraphicsMagick-1.3
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="build-configuration">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Build Configuration</a></h1>
<p>Use 'configure' to automatically configure, build, and install
GraphicsMagick. The configure script may be executed from the
GraphicsMagick source directory (e.g ./configure) or from a separate
build directory by specifying the full path to configure (e.g.
/src/GraphicsMagick-1.3/configure). The advantage of using a separate
build directory is that multiple GraphicsMagick builds may share the
same GraphicsMagick source directory while allowing each build to use a
unique set of options. Using a separate directory also makes it easier
to keep track of any files you may have edited.</p>
<p>If you are willing to accept configure's default options (static
build, 8 bits/sample), and build from within the source directory,
type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
./configure
</pre>
<p>and watch the configure script output to verify that it finds everything
that you think it should. If it does not, then adjust your environment
so that it does.</p>
<p>By default, 'make install' will install the package's files
in '/usr/local/bin', '/usr/local/man', etc. You can specify an
installation prefix other than '/usr/local' by giving 'configure'
the option '--prefix=PATH'. This is valuable in case you don't have
privileges to install under the default paths or if you want to install
in the system directories instead.</p>
<p>If you are not happy with configure's choice of compiler, compilation
flags, or libraries, you can give 'configure' initial values for
variables by specifying them on the configure command line, e.g.:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix
</pre>
<p>Options which should be common to packages installed under the same
directory heirarchy may be supplied via a 'config.site' file located
under the installation prefix via the path ${prefix}/share/config.site
where ${prefix} is the installation prefix. This file is used for all
packages installed under that prefix. As an alternative, the CONFIG_SITE
environment variable may be used to specify the path of a site
configuration file to load. This is an example config.site file:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# Configuration values for all packages installed under this prefix
CC=gcc
CXX=c++
CPPFLAGS='-I/usr/local/include'
LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/lib -R/usr/local/lib'
</pre>
<p>When the 'config.site' file is being used to supply configuration
options, configure will issue a message similar to:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
configure: loading site script /usr/local/share/config.site
</pre>
<p>The configure variables you should be aware of are:</p>
<p>CC</p>
<blockquote>
Name of C compiler (e.g. 'cc -Xa') to use</blockquote>
<p>CXX</p>
<blockquote>
Name of C++ compiler to use (e.g. 'CC')</blockquote>
<p>CFLAGS</p>
<blockquote>
Compiler flags (e.g. '-g -O2') to compile C code</blockquote>
<p>CXXFLAGS</p>
<blockquote>
Compiler flags (e.g. '-g -O2') to compile C++ code</blockquote>
<p>CPPFLAGS</p>
<blockquote>
Include paths (-I/somedir) to look for header files</blockquote>
<p>LDFLAGS</p>
<blockquote>
Library paths (-L/somedir) to look for libraries Systems that
support the notion of a library run-path may require an additional
argument in order to find shared libraries at run time. For
example, the Solaris linker requires an argument of the form
'-R/somedir', some Linux systems will work with '-rpath /somedir',
while some other Linux systems who's gcc does not pass -rpath to
the linker require an argument of the form '-Wl,-rpath,/somedir'.</blockquote>
<p>LIBS</p>
<blockquote>
Extra libraries (-lsomelib) required to link</blockquote>
<p>Any variable (e.g. CPPFLAGS or LDFLAGS) which requires a directory
path must specify an absolute path rather than a relative path.</p>
<p>The build now supports a Linux-style "silent" build (default
disabled). To enable this, add the configure option
--enable-silent-rules or invoke make like 'make V=0'. If the build
has been configured for silent mode and it is necessary to see a
verbose build, then invoke make like 'make V=1'.</p>
<p>Configure can usually find the X include and library files
automatically, but if it doesn't, you can use the 'configure' options
'--x-includes=DIR' and '--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.</p>
<p>The configure script provides a number of GraphicsMagick specific
options. When disabling an option --disable-something is equivalent
to specifying --enable-something=no and --without-something is
equivalent to --with-something=no. The configure options are as
follows (execute 'configure --help' to see all options).</p>
<div class="section" id="optional-features">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Optional Features</a></h2>
<table class="docutils option-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="option" />
<col class="description" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-prof</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable 'prof' profiling support (default disabled)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-gprof</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable 'gprof' profiling support (default disabled)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-gcov</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable 'gcov' profiling support (default disabled)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-installed</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable building an installed GraphicsMagick (default enabled)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-broken-coders</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>enable broken/dangerous file formats support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-largefile</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable support for large (64 bit) file offsets</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-openmp</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable use of OpenMP (automatic multi-threaded loops) at all</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-openmp-slow</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>enable OpenMP for algorithms which sometimes run slower</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-symbol-prefix</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>enable prefixing library symbols with "Gm"</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-magick-compat</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>install ImageMagick utility shortcuts (default disabled)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-maintainer-mode</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>enable additional Makefile rules which update generated files
included in the distribution. Requires GNU make as well as a
number of utilities and tools.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-quantum-library-names</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>shared library name includes quantum depth to allow shared
libraries with different quantum depths to co-exist in same
directory (only one can be used for development)</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="optional-packages-options">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Optional Packages/Options</a></h2>
<table class="docutils option-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="option" />
<col class="description" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-quantum-depth</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>number of bits in a pixel quantum (default 8). Also see
'--enable-quantum-library-names.'</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-modules</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable building dynamically loadable modules</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-threads</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable POSIX threads API support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-frozenpaths</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>enable frozen delegate paths</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-magick-plus-plus</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable build/install of Magick++</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-perl</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable build/install of PerlMagick</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-perl=<var>PERL</var></span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>use specified Perl binary to configure PerlMagick</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-perl-options=<var>OPTIONS</var></span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>options to pass on command-line when generating PerlMagick's Makefile from Makefile.PL</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-bzlib</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable BZLIB support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-dps</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable Display Postscript support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-fpx</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable FlashPIX support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-gslib</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable Ghostscript library support (not recommended)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-jbig</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable JBIG support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-jp2</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable JPEG v2 support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-jpeg</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable JPEG support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-jp2</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable JPEG v2 support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-lcms2</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>disable lcms (v2.X) support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-lzma</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable LZMA support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-png</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable PNG support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-tiff</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable TIFF support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-trio</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable TRIO library support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-ttf</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable TrueType support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-umem</span></kbd></td>
<td>enable libumem memory allocation library support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-wmf</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable WMF support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-fontpath</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>prepend to default font search path</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-gs-font-dir</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>directory containing Ghostscript fonts</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-windows-font-dir</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>directory containing MS-Windows fonts</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-xml</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable XML support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-zlib</span></kbd></td>
<td>disable ZLIB support</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-x</span></kbd></td>
<td>use the X Window System</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-share-path=<var>DIR</var></span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Alternate path to share directory (default share/GraphicsMagick)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-libstdc=<var>DIR</var></span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>use libstdc++ in DIR (for GNU C++)</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>GraphicsMagick options represent either features to be enabled, disabled,
or packages to be included in the build. When a feature is enabled (via
--enable-something), it enables code already present in GraphicsMagick.
When a package is enabled (via --with-something), the configure script
will search for it, and if is is properly installed and ready to use
(headers and built libraries are found by compiler) it will be included
in the build. The configure script is delivered with all features
disabled and all packages enabled. In general, the only reason to
disable a package is if a package exists but it is unsuitable for
the build (perhaps an old version or not compiled with the right
compilation flags).</p>
<p>Several configure options require special note:</p>
<table class="docutils option-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="option" />
<col class="description" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-shared</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><p class="first">The shared libraries are built and support for loading coder and
process modules is enabled. Shared libraries are preferred because
they allow programs to share common code, making the individual
programs much smaller. In addition shared libraries are required in
order for PerlMagick to be dynamically loaded by an installed PERL
(otherwise an additional PERL (PerlMagick) must be installed. This
option is not the default because all libraries used by
GraphicsMagick must also be dynamic libraries if GraphicsMagick
itself is to be dynamically loaded (such as for PerlMagick).</p>
<p>GraphicsMagick built with delegates (see MAGICK PLUG-INS below)
can pose additional challenges. If GraphicsMagick is built using
static libraries (the default without --enable-shared) then
delegate libraries may be built as either static libraries or
shared libraries. However, if GraphicsMagick is built using shared
libraries, then all delegate libraries must also be built as
shared libraries. Static libraries usually have the extension .a,
while shared libraries typically have extensions like .so, .sa,
or .dll. Code in shared libraries normally must compiled using
a special compiler option to produce Position Independent Code
(PIC). The only time this is not necessary is if the platform
compiles code as PIC by default.</p>
<p>PIC compilation flags differ from vendor to vendor (gcc's is
-fPIC). However, you must compile all shared library source with
the same flag (for gcc use -fPIC rather than -fpic). While static
libraries are normally created using an archive tool like 'ar',
shared libraries are built using special linker or compiler options
(e.g. -shared for gcc).</p>
<p>Building shared libraries often requires subtantial hand-editing
of Makefiles and is only recommended for those who know what they
are doing.</p>
<p class="last">If --enable-shared is not specified, a new PERL interpreter
(PerlMagick) is built which is statically linked against the
PerlMagick extension. This new interpreter is installed into the
same directory as the GraphicsMagick utilities. If --enable-shared
is specified, the PerlMagick extension is built as a dynamically
loadable object which is loaded into your current PERL interpreter
at run-time. Use of dynamically-loaded extensions is preferable over
statically linked extensions so --enable-shared should be specified
if possible (note that all libraries used with GraphicsMagick must
be shared libraries!).</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-static</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>static archive libraries (with extension .a) are not built. If you
are building shared libraries, there is little value to building
static libraries. Reasons to build static libraries include: 1) they
can be easier to debug; 2) the clients do not have external
dependencies (i.e. libMagick.so); 3) building PIC versions of the
delegate libraries may take additional expertise and effort; 4) you
are unable to build shared libraries.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-installed</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>By default the GraphicsMagick build is configured to formally install
into a directory tree. This is the most secure and reliable way to
install GraphicsMagick. Specifying --disable-installed configures
GraphicsMagick so that it doesn't use hard-coded paths and locates
support files by computing an offset path from the executable (or
from the location specified by the MAGICK_HOME environment variable.
The uninstalled configuration is ideal for binary distributions which
are expected to extract and run in any location.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-broken-coders</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>The implementation of file format support for some formats is
incomplete or imperfectly implemented such that file corruption or a
security exploit might occur. These formats are not included in the
build by default but may be enabled using
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--enable-broken-coders</span></tt>. The existing implementation may still
have value in controlled circumstances so it remains but needs to be
enabled. One of the formats currently controlled by this is Adobe
Photoshop bitmap format (PSD).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-modules</span></kbd></td>
<td>Image coders and process modules are built as loadable modules which
are installed under the directory
[prefix]/lib/GraphicsMagick-X.X.X/modules-QN (where 'N' equals 8, 16,
or 32 depending on the quantum depth) in the subdirectories 'coders'
and 'filters' respectively. The modules build option is only
available in conjunction with --enable-shared. If --enable-shared is
not also specified, then support for building modules is disabled.
Note that if --enable-shared is specified, the module loader is
active (allowing extending an installed GraphicsMagick by simply
copying a module into place) but GraphicsMagick itself is not built
using modules.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-symbol-prefix</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>The GraphicsMagick libraries may contain symbols which conflict with
other libraries. Specifify this option to prefix "Gm" to all library
symbols, and use the C pre-processor to allow dependent code to still
compile as before.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-magick-compat</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Normally GraphicsMagick installs only the 'gm' utility from which all
commands may be accessed. Existing packages may be designed to invoke
ImageMagick utilities (e.g. "convert"). Specify this option to
install ImageMagick utility compatibility links to allow
GraphicsMagick to substitute directly for ImageMagick. Take care when
selecting this option since if there is an existing ImageMagick
installation installed in the same directory, its utilities will be
replaced when GraphicsMagick is installed.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-quantum-depth</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><p class="first">This option allows the user to specify the number of bits to use per
pixel quantum (the size of the red, green, blue, and alpha pixel
components. When an image file with less depth is read, smaller
values are scaled up to this size for processing, and are scaled
down from this size when a file with lower depth is written. For
example, "--with-quantum-depth=8" builds GraphicsMagick using 8-bit
quantums. Most computer display adaptors use 8-bit
quantums. Currently supported arguments are 8, 16, or 32. The
default is 8. This option is the most important option in
determining the overall run-time performance of GraphicsMagick.</p>
<p>The number of bits in a quantum determines how many values it may
contain. Each quantum level supports 256 times as many values as
the previous level. The following table shows the range available
for various quantum sizes.</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="24%" />
<col width="42%" />
<col width="34%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">QuantumDepth</th>
<th class="head">Valid Range (Decimal)</th>
<th class="head">Valid Range (Hex)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>8</td>
<td>0-255</td>
<td>00-FF</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>16</td>
<td>0-65535</td>
<td>0000-FFFF</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>32</td>
<td>0-4294967295</td>
<td>00000000-FFFFFFFF</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>Larger pixel quantums cause GraphicsMagick to run more slowly and to
require more memory. For example, using sixteen-bit pixel quantums
causes GraphicsMagick to run 15% to 50% slower (and take twice as
much memory) than when it is built to support eight-bit pixel
quantums. Regardless, the GraphicsMagick authors prefer to use
sixteen-bit pixel quantums since they support all common image
formats and assure that there is no loss of color precision.</p>
<p>The amount of virtual memory consumed by an image can be computed
by the equation (QuantumDepth*Rows*Columns*5)/8. This is an
important consideration when resources are limited, particularly
since processing an image may require several images to be in
memory at one time. The following table shows memory consumption
values for a 1024x768 image:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="46%" />
<col width="54%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">QuantumDepth</th>
<th class="head">Virtual Memory</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>8</td>
<td>3MB</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>16</td>
<td>8MB</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>32</td>
<td>15MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>GraphicsMagick performs all image processing computations using
floating point or non-lossy integer arithmetic, so results are very
accurate. Increasing the quantum storage size decreases the amount
of quantization noise (usually not visible at 8 bits) and helps
prevent countouring and posterization in the image.</p>
<p class="last">Consider also using the --enable-quantum-library-names configure
option so that installed shared libraries include the quantum depth
as part of their names so that shared libraries using different
quantum depth options may co-exist in the same directory.</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-magick-plus-plus</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Disable building Magick++, the C++ application programming interface
to GraphicsMagick. A suitable C++ compiler is required in order to
build Magick++. Specify the CXX configure variable to select the C++
compiler to use (default "g++"), and CXXFLAGS to select the desired
compiler opimization and debug flags (default "-g -O2"). Antique C++
compilers will normally be rejected by configure tests so specifying
this option should only be necessary if Magick++ fails to compile.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-frozenpaths</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Normally external program names are substituted into the
delegates.mgk file without full paths. Specify this option to enable
saving full paths to programs using locations determined by
configure. This is useful for environments where programs are stored
under multiple paths, and users may use different PATH settings than
the person who builds GraphicsMagick.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-threads</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>By default, the GraphicsMagick library is compiled to be fully
thread safe by using thread APIs to implement required locking.
This is intended to allow the GraphicsMagick library to be used by
multi-threaded programs using native POSIX threads. If the locking
or dependence on thread APIs is undesireable, then specify
--without-threads. Testing shows that the overhead from thread
safety is virtually unmeasurable so usually there is no reason to
disable multi-thread support. While previous versions disabled
OpenMP support when this option was supplied, that is no longer the
case.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-largefile</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>By default, GraphicsMagick is compiled with support for large (> 2GB
on a 32-bit CPU) files if the operating system supports large files.
Applications which use the GraphicsMagick library might then also
need to be compiled to support for large files (operating system
dependent). Normally support for large files is a good thing. Only
disable this option if there is a need to do so.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--disable-openmp</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><p class="first">By default, GraphicsMagick is compiled with support for OpenMP
(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.openmp.org/">http://www.openmp.org/</a>) if the compilation environment supports it.
OpenMP automatically parallizes loops across concurrent threads
based on instructions in pragmas. OpenMP was introduced in GCC
4.2. OpenMP is a well-established standard and was implemented in
some other compilers in the late '90s, long before its appearance in
GCC. OpenMP adds additional build and linkage requirements.</p>
<p class="last">By default, GraphicsMagick enables as many threads as there are CPU
cores (or CPU threads). According to the OpenMP standard, the
OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable specifies how many threads
should be used and GraphicsMagick also honors this request. In order
to obtain the best single-user performance, set OMP_NUM_THREADS
equal to the number of available CPU cores. On a server with many
cores and many programs running at once, there may be benefit to
setting OMP_NUM_THREADS to a much smaller value than the number of
cores, and sometimes values as low as two (or even one, to disable
threading) will offer the best overall system performance. Tuning a
large system with OpenMP programs running in parallel (competing for
resources) is a complex topic and some research and experimentation
may be required in order to find the best parameters.</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--enable-openmp-slow</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>On some systems, memory-bound algorithms run slower (rather than
faster) as threads are added via OpenMP. This may be due to CPU
cache and memory architecture implementation, or OS thread API
implementation. Since it is not known how a system will behave
without testing and pre-built binaries need to work well on all
systems, these algorithms are now disabled for OpenMP by default.
If you are using a well-threaded OS on a CPU with a good
high-performance memory architecture, you might consider enabling
this option based on experimentation.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-perl</span></kbd></td>
<td><p class="first">Use this option to include PerlMagick in the GraphicsMagick build
and test suite. While PerlMagick is always configured by default
(PerlMagick/Makefile.PL is generated by the configure script),
PerlMagick is no longer installed by GraphicsMagick's ''make
install''. The procedure to configure, build, install, and check
PerlMagick is described in PerlMagick/README.txt. When using a
shared library build of GraphicsMagick, it is necessary to formally
install GraphicsMagick prior to building PerlMagick in order to
achieve a working PerlMagick since otherwise the wrong
GraphicsMagick libraries may be used.</p>
<p class="last">If the argument ''--with-perl=/path/to/perl'' is supplied, then
/path/to/perl will be taken as the PERL interpreter to use. This is
important in case the 'perl' executable in your PATH is not PERL5,
or is not the PERL you want to use. Experience suggests that static
PerlMagick builds may not be fully successful for Perl versions
newer than 5.8.8.</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-perl-options</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>The PerlMagick module is normally installed using the Perl
interpreter's installation PREFIX, rather than GraphicsMagick's. If
GraphicsMagick's installation prefix is not the same as PERL's
PREFIX, then you may find that PerlMagick's 'make install' step tries
to install into a directory tree that you don't have write
permissions to. This is common when PERL is delivered with the
operating system or on Internet Service Provider (ISP) web servers.
If you want PerlMagick to install elsewhere, then provide a PREFIX
option to PERL's configuration step via
"--with-perl-options=PREFIX=/some/place". Other options accepted by
MakeMaker are 'LIB', 'LIBPERL_A', 'LINKTYPE', and 'OPTIMIZE'. See the
ExtUtils::MakeMaker(3) manual page for more information on
configuring PERL extensions.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group">
<kbd><span class="option">--without-x</span></kbd></td>
<td>By default, GraphicsMagick will use X11 libraries if they are
available. When --without-x is specified, use of X11 is disabled. The
display, animate, and import sub-commands are not included. The
remaining sub-commands have reduced functionality such as no access
to X11 fonts (consider using Postscript or TrueType fonts instead).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-gs-font-dir</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Specify the directory containing the Ghostscript Postscript Type 1
font files (e.g. "n022003l.pfb") so that they can be rendered using
the FreeType library. If the font files are installed using the
default Ghostscript installation paths
(${prefix}/share/ghostscript/fonts), they should be discovered
automatically by configure and specifying this option is not
necessary. Specify this option if the Ghostscript fonts fail to be
located automatically, or the location needs to be overridden.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="option-group" colspan="2">
<kbd><span class="option">--with-windows-font-dir</span></kbd></td>
</tr>
<tr><td> </td><td>Specify the directory containing MS-Windows-compatible fonts. This is
not necessary when GraphicsMagick is running under MS-Windows.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="building-under-cygwin">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Building under Cygwin</a></h1>
<p>GraphicsMagick may be built under the Windows '95-XP Cygwin
Unix-emulation environment available for free from</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.cygwin.com/">http://www.cygwin.com/</a></blockquote>
<p>It is suggested that the X11R6 package be installed since this enables
GraphicsMagick's X11 support (animate, display, and import
sub-commands will work) and it includes the Freetype v2 DLL required
to support TrueType and Postscript Type 1 fonts. Make sure that
/usr/X11R6/bin is in your PATH prior to running configure.</p>
<p>If you are using Cygwin version 1.3.9 or later, you may specify the
configure option '--enable-shared' to build Cygwin DLLs. Specifying
'--enable-shared' is required if you want to build PerlMagick under
Cygwin because Cygwin does not provide the libperl.a static library
required to create a static PerlMagick. Note that older Cygwin
compilers may not generate code which supports reliably catching C++
exceptions thrown by DLL code. The Magick++ library requires that it
be possible to catch C++ exceptions thrown from DLLs. The test suite
<tt class="docutils literal">make check</tt> includes several tests to verify that C++ exceptions
are working properly.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="building-under-mingw-msys">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Building under MinGW & MSYS</a></h1>
<p>GraphicsMagick may be built using the free MinGW ("Minimalistic GNU for
Windows") package, available from</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.mingw.org/">http://www.mingw.org/</a></blockquote>
<p>or from</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/">http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/</a></blockquote>
<p>which consist of GNU-based (GCC) compilation toolsets plus headers and
libraries required to build programs which are entirely based on
standard Microsoft Windows DLLs so that they may be used for
proprietary applications. MSYS provides a Unix-style console shell
window with sufficient functionality to run the GraphicsMagick
configure script and execute 'make', 'make check', and 'make install'.
GraphicsMagick may be executed from the MSYS shell, but since it is a
normal Windows application, it will work just as well from the Windows
command line.</p>
<p>Unlike the Cygwin build which creates programs based on a
Unix-emulation DLL, and which uses Unix-style paths to access Windows
files, the MinGW build creates native Windows console applications
similar to the Visual C++ build. Run-time performance is similar to the
Microsoft compilers.</p>
<p>The base MinGW (or MinGW-w64) package and the MSYS package should be
installed. Other MinGW packages are entirely optional. Once MSYS is
installed a MSYS icon (blue capital 'M') is added to the
desktop. Double clicking on this icon starts an instance of the MSYS
shell.</p>
<p>Start the MSYS console and follow the Unix configure and build
instructions. The configure and build for MinGW is the same as for
Unix. Any additional delegate libraries (e.g. libpng) will need to be
built under MinGW in order to be used. These libraries should be built
and installed prior to configuring GraphicsMagick. While some delegate
libraries are easy to configure and build under MinGW, others may be
quite a challenge.</p>
<p>Lucky for us, the most common delegate libraries are available
pre-built, as part of the GnuWin32 project, from</p>
<blockquote>
<a class="reference external" href="http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages.html">http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages.html</a></blockquote>
<p>The relevant packages are bzip2, freetype, jbigkit, libintl, jpeg,
libpng, libtiff, libwmf and zlib. However, note that for freetype
to be detected by configure, you must move the <tt class="docutils literal">freetype</tt> directory
out of <tt class="docutils literal">GnuWin32\include\freetype2</tt> and into <tt class="docutils literal">GnuWin32\include</tt>.</p>
<p>Note that older MinGW compilers may not generate code which supports
reliably catching C++ exceptions thrown by DLL code. The Magick++
library requires that it be possible to catch C++ exceptions thrown
from DLLs. The test suite (<tt class="docutils literal">make check</tt>) includes several tests to
verify that C++ exceptions are working properly. If the MinGW you are
using fails the C++ exception tests, then the solution is to either
find a MinGW with working C++ exceptions, configure a static build
with --disable-shared, or disable building Magick++ with
--without-magick-plus-plus.</p>
<p>Note that the default installation prefix is MSYS's notion of
<tt class="docutils literal">/usr/local</tt> which installs the package into a MSYS directory. To
install outside of the MSYS directory tree, you may specify an
installation prefix like <tt class="docutils literal">/c/GraphicsMagick</tt> which causes the package
to be installed under the Windows directory <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\GraphicsMagick</span></tt>. The
installation directory structure will look very much like the Unix
installation layout (e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\GraphicsMagick\bin</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\GraphicsMagick\lib</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\GraphicsMagick\share</span></tt>, etc.). Paths
which may be embedded in libraries and configuration files are
transformed into Windows paths so they don't depend on MSYS.</p>
<div class="section" id="cross-compilation-on-unix-linux-host">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Cross-compilation On Unix/Linux Host</a></h2>
<p>Given a modern and working MinGW32 or mingw-w64 installation, it is
easy to cross-compile GraphicsMagick from a Unix-type host to produce
Microsoft Windows executables.</p>
<p>This incantation produces a static WIN32 <cite>gm.exe</cite> executable on an
Ubuntu Linux host with the i686-w64 cross-compiler installed:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
./configure '--host=i686-w64-mingw32' '--disable-shared'
</pre>
<p>and this incantation produces a static WIN64 <cite>gm.exe</cite> executable on an
Ubuntu Linux host with the x86_64-w64 cross-compiler installed:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
./configure '--host=x86_64-w64-mingw32' '--disable-shared'
</pre>
<p>For a full-fledged GraphicsMagick program, normally one will want to
pre-install or cross-compile the optional libraries that
GraphicsMagick may depend on and install them where the cross-compiler
will find them, or add extra <cite>CPPFLAGS</cite> and <cite>LDFLAGS</cite> options so that
the compiler searches for header files and libraries in the correct
place.</p>
<p>Configuring for building with shared libraries (libGraphicsMagick,
libGraphicsMagickWand, and libGraphicsMagick++ DLLs) and modules
(coders as DLLs) is also supported by the cross-builds. A cross-built
libtool libltdl needs to be built in advance in order to use the
<cite>--with-modules</cite> modules option.</p>
<p>After configuring the software for cross-compilation, the software is
built using <cite>make</cite> as usual and everything should be as with native
compilation except that <cite>make check</cite> is likely not available (testing
might be possible on build system via WINE, not currently
tested/supported by GraphicsMagick authors).</p>
<p>Use of the <cite>DESTDIR</cite> approach as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="#build-install">Build & Install</a>
section is recommended in order to install the build products into a
formal directory tree before preparing to copy onto the Windows target
system (e.g. by packaging via an installer).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dealing-with-configuration-failures">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Dealing with configuration failures</a></h1>
<p>While configure is designed to ease installation of GraphicsMagick, it
often discovers problems that would otherwise be encountered later
when compiling GraphicsMagick. The configure script tests for headers
and libraries by executing the compiler (CC) with the specified
compilation flags (CFLAGS), pre-processor flags (CPPFLAGS), and linker
flags (LDFLAGS). Any errors are logged to the file 'config.log'. If
configure fails to discover a header or library please review this
log file to determine why, however, please be aware that <em>errors
in the config.log are normal</em> because configure works by trying
something and seeing if it fails. An error in config.log is only a
problem if the test should have passed on your system. After taking
corrective action, be sure to remove the 'config.cache' file before
running configure so that configure will re-inspect the environment
rather than using cached values.</p>
<p>Common causes of configure failures are:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>A delegate header is not in the header include path (CPPFLAGS -I
option).</li>
<li>A delegate library is not in the linker search/run path (LDFLAGS
-L/-R option).</li>
<li>A delegate library is missing a function (old version?).OB</li>
<li>The compilation environment is faulty.</li>
</ol>
<p>If all reasonable corrective actions have been tried and the problem
appears to be due to a flaw in the configure script, please send a
bug report to the configure script maintainer (currently
<a class="reference external" href="mailto:bfriesen%40graphicsmagick.org">bfriesen<span>@</span>graphicsmagick<span>.</span>org</a>). All bug reports should contain the
operating system type (as reported by 'uname -a') and the
compiler/compiler-version. A copy of the configure script output
and/or the config.log file may be valuable in order to find the
problem. If you send a config.log, please also send a script of the
configure output and a description of what you expected to see (and
why) so the failure you are observing can be identified and resolved.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="makefile-build-targets">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Makefile Build Targets</a></h1>
<p>Once GraphicsMagick is configured, these standard build targets are
available from the generated Makefiles:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>'make'</p>
<blockquote>
Build the package</blockquote>
<p>'make install'</p>
<blockquote>
Install the package</blockquote>
<p>'make check'</p>
<blockquote>
Run tests using the uninstalled software. On some systems, 'make
install' must be done before the test suite will work but usually
the software can be tested prior to installation.</blockquote>
<p>'make clean'</p>
<blockquote>
Remove everything in the build directory created by 'make'</blockquote>
<p>'make distclean'</p>
<blockquote>
Remove everything in the build directory created by 'configure'
and 'make'. This is useful if you want to start over from scratch.</blockquote>
<p>'make uninstall'</p>
<blockquote>
Remove all files from the system which are (or would be) installed
by 'make install' using the current configuration. Note that this
target does not work for PerlMagick since Perl no longer supports
an 'uninstall' target.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="build-install">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Build & Install</a></h1>
<p>Now that GraphicsMagick is configured, type</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make
</pre>
<p>to build the package and</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make install
</pre>
<p>to install it.</p>
<p>To install under a specified directory using the install directory
tree layout (e.g. as part of the process for packaging the built
software), specify DESTDIR like</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make DESTDIR=/my/dest/dir install
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="verifying-the-build">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Verifying The Build</a></h1>
<p>To confirm your installation of the GraphicsMagick distribution was
successful, ensure that the installation directory is in your executable
search path and type</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm display
</pre>
<p>The GraphicsMagick logo should be displayed on your X11 display.</p>
<p>Verify that the expected image formats are supported by executing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list formats
</pre>
<p>Verify that the expected fonts are available by executing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list fonts
</pre>
<p>Verify that delegates (external programs) are configured as expected
by executing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list delegates
</pre>
<p>Verify that color definitions may be loaded by executing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list colors
</pre>
<p>If GraphicsMagick is built to use loadable coder modules, then verify
that the modules load via</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list modules
</pre>
<p>Verify that GraphicsMagick is properly identifying the resources of
your machine via</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
gm convert -list resources
</pre>
<p>For a thorough test, you should run the GraphicsMagick test suite by
typing</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make check
</pre>
<p>Note that due to differences between the developer's environment and
your own, it is possible that some tests may be indicated as failed
even though the results are ok. Such failures should be rare, and if
they do occur, they should be reported as a bug. Differences between
the developer's environment environment and your own may include the
compiler, the CPU type, and the library versions used. The
GraphicsMagick developers use the current release of all dependent
libraries.</p>
<p>Copyright © GraphicsMagick Group 2002 - 2018</p>
</div>
</div>
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