<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source to the Rust file `libstd/ffi/c_str.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>c_str.rs.html -- source</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../dark.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script src="../../../storage.js"></script><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 8]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-menu">☰</div><a href='../../../std/index.html'><img src='https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk-v2.png' alt='logo' width='100'></a></nav><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!"><img src="../../../brush.svg" width="18" alt="Pick another theme!"></button><div id="theme-choices"></div></div><script src="../../../theme.js"></script><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form js-only"><div class="search-container"><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><a id="settings-menu" href="../../../settings.html"><img src="../../../wheel.svg" width="18" alt="Change settings"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main" class="content"><pre class="line-numbers"><span id="1"> 1</span>
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</pre><pre class="rust ">
<span class="comment">// Copyright 2012 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT</span>
<span class="comment">// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at</span>
<span class="comment">// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.</span>
<span class="comment">//</span>
<span class="comment">// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or</span>
<span class="comment">// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license</span>
<span class="comment">// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your</span>
<span class="comment">// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed</span>
<span class="comment">// except according to those terms.</span>
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ascii</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>::{<span class="ident">Cow</span>, <span class="ident">Borrow</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">cmp</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">error</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Write</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">io</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">mem</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">os</span>::<span class="ident">raw</span>::<span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">rc</span>::<span class="ident">Rc</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">slice</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Arc</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">sys</span>;
<span class="doccomment">/// A type representing an owned, C-compatible, nul-terminated string with no nul bytes in the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// middle.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This type serves the purpose of being able to safely generate a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// C-compatible string from a Rust byte slice or vector. An instance of this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// type is a static guarantee that the underlying bytes contain no interior 0</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// bytes ("nul characters") and that the final byte is 0 ("nul terminator").</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CString` is to [`CStr`] as [`String`] is to [`&str`]: the former</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// in each pair are owned strings; the latter are borrowed</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// references.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Creating a `CString`</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// A `CString` is created from either a byte slice or a byte vector,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// or anything that implements [`Into`]`<`[`Vec`]`<`[`u8`]`>>` (for</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// example, you can build a `CString` straight out of a [`String`] or</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// a [`&str`], since both implement that trait).</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The [`new`] method will actually check that the provided `&[u8]`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// does not have 0 bytes in the middle, and return an error if it</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// finds one.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Extracting a raw pointer to the whole C string</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CString` implements a [`as_ptr`] method through the [`Deref`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// trait. This method will give you a `*const c_char` which you can</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// feed directly to extern functions that expect a nul-terminated</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// string, like C's `strdup()`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Extracting a slice of the whole C string</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Alternatively, you can obtain a `&[`[`u8`]`]` slice from a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CString` with the [`as_bytes`] method. Slices produced in this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// way do *not* contain the trailing nul terminator. This is useful</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// when you will be calling an extern function that takes a `*const</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// u8` argument which is not necessarily nul-terminated, plus another</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// argument with the length of the string — like C's `strndup()`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// You can of course get the slice's length with its</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`len`][slice.len] method.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If you need a `&[`[`u8`]`]` slice *with* the nul terminator, you</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// can use [`as_bytes_with_nul`] instead.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Once you have the kind of slice you need (with or without a nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// terminator), you can call the slice's own</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_ptr`][slice.as_ptr] method to get a raw pointer to pass to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern functions. See the documentation for that function for a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// discussion on ensuring the lifetime of the raw pointer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Into`]: ../convert/trait.Into.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Vec`]: ../vec/struct.Vec.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`new`]: #method.new</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes`]: #method.as_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes_with_nul`]: #method.as_bytes_with_nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_ptr`]: #method.as_ptr</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [slice.as_ptr]: ../primitive.slice.html#method.as_ptr</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [slice.len]: ../primitive.slice.html#method.len</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Deref`]: ../ops/trait.Deref.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # fn main() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn my_printer(s: *const c_char);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // We are certain that our string doesn't have 0 bytes in the middle,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // so we can .unwrap()</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_to_print = CString::new("Hello, world!").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// my_printer(c_to_print.as_ptr());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CString` is intended for working with traditional C-style strings</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// (a sequence of non-nul bytes terminated by a single nul byte); the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// primary use case for these kinds of strings is interoperating with C-like</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// code. Often you will need to transfer ownership to/from that external</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// code. It is strongly recommended that you thoroughly read through the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// documentation of `CString` before use, as improper ownership management</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// of `CString` instances can lead to invalid memory accesses, memory leaks,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// and other memory errors.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">PartialOrd</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Ord</span>, <span class="ident">Hash</span>, <span class="ident">Clone</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="comment">// Invariant 1: the slice ends with a zero byte and has a length of at least one.</span>
<span class="comment">// Invariant 2: the slice contains only one zero byte.</span>
<span class="comment">// Improper usage of unsafe function can break Invariant 2, but not Invariant 1.</span>
<span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span>,
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Representation of a borrowed C string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This type represents a borrowed reference to a nul-terminated</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// array of bytes. It can be constructed safely from a `&[`[`u8`]`]`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// slice, or unsafely from a raw `*const c_char`. It can then be</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// converted to a Rust [`&str`] by performing UTF-8 validation, or</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// into an owned [`CString`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CStr` is to [`CString`] as [`&str`] is to [`String`]: the former</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// in each pair are borrowed references; the latter are owned</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// strings.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Note that this structure is **not** `repr(C)` and is not recommended to be</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// placed in the signatures of FFI functions. Instead, safe wrappers of FFI</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// functions may leverage the unsafe [`from_ptr`] constructor to provide a safe</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// interface to other consumers.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Inspecting a foreign C string:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("string buffer size without nul terminator: {}", slice.to_bytes().len());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Passing a Rust-originating C string:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn work(data: &CStr) {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn work_with(data: *const c_char); }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe { work_with(data.as_ptr()) }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let s = CString::new("data data data data").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// work(&s);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Converting a foreign C string into a Rust [`String`]:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn my_string_safe() -> String {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// CStr::from_ptr(my_string()).to_string_lossy().into_owned()</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("string: {}", my_string_safe());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../primitive.u8.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_ptr`]: #method.from_ptr</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Hash</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="comment">// FIXME: this should not be represented with a DST slice but rather with</span>
<span class="comment">// just a raw `c_char` along with some form of marker to make</span>
<span class="comment">// this an unsized type. Essentially `sizeof(&CStr)` should be the</span>
<span class="comment">// same as `sizeof(&c_char)` but `CStr` should be an unsized type.</span>
<span class="ident">inner</span>: [<span class="ident">c_char</span>]
}
<span class="doccomment">/// An error indicating that an interior nul byte was found.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// While Rust strings may contain nul bytes in the middle, C strings</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// can't, as that byte would effectively truncate the string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This error is created by the [`new`][`CString::new`] method on</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]. See its documentation for more.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`]: struct.CString.html#method.new</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString, NulError};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let _: NulError = CString::new(b"f\0oo".to_vec()).unwrap_err();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span>(<span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>);
<span class="doccomment">/// An error indicating that a nul byte was not in the expected position.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The slice used to create a [`CStr`] must have one and only one nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// byte at the end of the slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This error is created by the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_bytes_with_nul`][`CStr::from_bytes_with_nul`] method on</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]. See its documentation for more.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr::from_bytes_with_nul`]: struct.CStr.html#method.from_bytes_with_nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CStr, FromBytesWithNulError};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let _: FromBytesWithNulError = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"f\0oo").unwrap_err();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>,
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">enum</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span> {
<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">usize</span>),
<span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span>,
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">interior_nul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>),
}
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">not_nul_terminated</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span>,
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// An error indicating invalid UTF-8 when converting a [`CString`] into a [`String`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `CString` is just a wrapper over a buffer of bytes with a nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// terminator; [`into_string`][`CString::into_string`] performs UTF-8</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// validation on those bytes and may return this error.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This `struct` is created by the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`into_string`][`CString::into_string`] method on [`CString`]. See</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// its documentation for more.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::into_string`]: struct.CString.html#method.into_string</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> {
<span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>,
<span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>,
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new C-compatible string from a container of bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will consume the provided data and use the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// underlying bytes to construct a new string, ensuring that</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// there is a trailing 0 byte. This trailing 0 byte will be</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// appended by this function; the provided data should *not*</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// contain any 0 bytes in it.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn puts(s: *const c_char); }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let to_print = CString::new("Hello!").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// puts(to_print.as_ptr());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Errors</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will return an error if the supplied bytes contain an</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// internal 0 byte. The [`NulError`] returned will contain the bytes as well as</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the position of the nul byte.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`NulError`]: struct.NulError.html</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">Into</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">>></span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">t</span>: <span class="ident">T</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span>, <span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">Self</span>::<span class="ident">_new</span>(<span class="ident">t</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>())
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">_new</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span>, <span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>::<span class="ident">memchr</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">bytes</span>) {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">i</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">NulError</span>(<span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="ident">bytes</span>)),
<span class="prelude-val">None</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) }),
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a C-compatible string by consuming a byte vector,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// without checking for interior 0 bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This method is equivalent to [`new`] except that no runtime assertion</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// is made that `v` contains no 0 bytes, and it requires an actual</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// byte vector, not anything that can be converted to one with Into.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`new`]: #method.new</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let raw = b"foo".to_vec();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::from_vec_unchecked(raw);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">reserve_exact</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);
<span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);
<span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_slice</span>() }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Retakes ownership of a `CString` that was transferred to C via [`into_raw`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Additionally, the length of the string will be recalculated from the pointer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This should only ever be called with a pointer that was earlier</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// obtained by calling [`into_raw`] on a `CString`. Other usage (e.g. trying to take</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ownership of a string that was allocated by foreign code) is likely to lead</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to undefined behavior or allocator corruption.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note:** If you need to borrow a string that was allocated by</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > foreign code, use [`CStr`]. If you need to take ownership of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > a string that was allocated by foreign code, you will need to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > make your own provisions for freeing it appropriately, likely</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > with the foreign code's API to do that.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`into_raw`]: #method.into_raw</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Create a `CString`, pass ownership to an `extern` function (via raw pointer), then retake</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ownership with `from_raw`:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn some_extern_function(s: *mut c_char);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("Hello!").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let raw = c_string.into_raw();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// some_extern_function(raw);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::from_raw(raw);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_memory"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">sys</span>::<span class="ident">strlen</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>) <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>; <span class="comment">// Including the NUL byte</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">slice</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">slice</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts_mut</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>, <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>);
<span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">c_char</span>] <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>]) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Consumes the `CString` and transfers ownership of the string to a C caller.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The pointer which this function returns must be returned to Rust and reconstituted using</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_raw`] to be properly deallocated. Specifically, one</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// should *not* use the standard C `free()` function to deallocate</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// this string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Failure to call [`from_raw`] will lead to a memory leak.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`from_raw`]: #method.from_raw</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("foo").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = c_string.into_raw();</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(b'f', *ptr as u8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(b'o', *ptr.offset(1) as u8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(b'o', *ptr.offset(2) as u8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(b'\0', *ptr.offset(3) as u8);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // retake pointer to free memory</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let _ = CString::from_raw(ptr);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_memory"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span> {
<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts the `CString` into a [`String`] if it contains valid UTF-8 data.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// On failure, ownership of the original `CString` is returned.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let valid_utf8 = vec![b'f', b'o', b'o'];</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cstring = CString::new(valid_utf8).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(cstring.into_string().unwrap(), "foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let invalid_utf8 = vec![b'f', 0xff, b'o', b'o'];</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cstring = CString::new(invalid_utf8).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let err = cstring.into_string().err().unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(err.utf8_error().valid_up_to(), 1);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_string</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>())
.<span class="ident">map_err</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">e</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> {
<span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">e</span>.<span class="ident">utf8_error</span>(),
<span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">e</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>()) },
})
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Consumes the `CString` and returns the underlying byte buffer.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The returned buffer does **not** contain the trailing nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// terminator, and it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("foo").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = c_string.into_bytes();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(bytes, vec![b'f', b'o', b'o']);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">vec</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>().<span class="ident">into_vec</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">_nul</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">pop</span>();
<span class="macro">debug_assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">_nul</span>, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="number">0u8</span>));
<span class="ident">vec</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Equivalent to the [`into_bytes`] function except that the returned vector</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// includes the trailing nul terminator.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`into_bytes`]: #method.into_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("foo").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = c_string.into_bytes_with_nul();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(bytes, vec![b'f', b'o', b'o', b'\0']);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>().<span class="ident">into_vec</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the contents of this `CString` as a slice of bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The returned slice does **not** contain the trailing nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// terminator, and it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// bytes. If you need the nul terminator, use</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes_with_nul`] instead.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes_with_nul`]: #method.as_bytes_with_nul</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("foo").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = c_string.as_bytes();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(bytes, &[b'f', b'o', b'o']);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>[..<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>]
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Equivalent to the [`as_bytes`] function except that the returned slice</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// includes the trailing nul terminator.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes`]: #method.as_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new("foo").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let bytes = c_string.as_bytes_with_nul();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(bytes, &[b'f', b'o', b'o', b'\0']);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Extracts a [`CStr`] slice containing the entire string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new(b"foo".to_vec()).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = c_string.as_c_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(c_str, CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"as_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_c_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts this `CString` into a boxed [`CStr`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new(b"foo".to_vec()).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let boxed = c_string.into_boxed_c_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(&*boxed, CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"into_boxed_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
<span class="comment">// Bypass "move out of struct which implements [`Drop`] trait" restriction.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Drop`]: ../ops/trait.Drop.html</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_inner</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">read</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>);
<span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">forget</span>(<span class="self">self</span>);
<span class="ident">result</span>
}
}
}
<span class="comment">// Turns this `CString` into an empty string to prevent</span>
<span class="comment">// memory unsafe code from working by accident. Inline</span>
<span class="comment">// to prevent LLVM from optimizing it away in debug builds.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_drop"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.13.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked_mut</span>(<span class="number">0</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Deref</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">deref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>()) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_debug"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"\""</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">byte</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">iter</span>().<span class="ident">flat_map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">b</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">ascii</span>::<span class="ident">escape_default</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>)) {
<span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">write_char</span>(<span class="ident">byte</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">char</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
}
<span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"\""</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_default"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">SLICE</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'static</span> [<span class="ident">c_char</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="number">0</span>];
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">SLICE</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>()) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_default"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates an empty `CString`.</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Default</span>::<span class="ident">default</span>();
<span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_borrow"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Borrow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="self">self</span> }
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_from_cow_cstr"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.28.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="self">Self</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_from_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"c_string_from_box"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.18.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_c_string</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_from_c_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_from_cstr"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.28.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Owned</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_from_cstr"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.28.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cow_from_cstr"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.28.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span>, <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">Cow</span>::<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_c_str</span>())
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"shared_from_slice2"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.24.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">arc</span>: <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">arc</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"shared_from_slice2"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.24.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">arc</span>: <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">arc</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"shared_from_slice2"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.24.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">rc</span>: <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">rc</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"shared_from_slice2"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.24.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">rc</span>: <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>());
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">rc</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"default_box_extra"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>([<span class="number">0</span>]);
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) }
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the position of the nul byte in the slice that caused</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`] to fail.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`]: struct.CString.html#method.new</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 3);</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo bar\0").unwrap_err();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 7);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">nul_position</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">usize</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span> }
<span class="doccomment">/// Consumes this error, returning the underlying vector of bytes which</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// generated the error in the first place.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.into_vec(), b"foo\0bar");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_vec</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span> }
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> { <span class="string">"nul byte found in data"</span> }
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"nul byte found in provided data at position: {}"</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>: <span class="ident">NulError</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span> {
<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">ErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InvalidInput</span>,
<span class="string">"data provided contains a nul byte"</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"frombyteswithnulerror_impls"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="kw">match</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">kind</span> {
<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(..) <span class="op">=></span>
<span class="string">"data provided contains an interior nul byte"</span>,
<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span> <span class="op">=></span>
<span class="string">"data provided is not nul terminated"</span>,
}
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"frombyteswithnulerror_impls"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">write_str</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">description</span>())<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">kind</span> {
<span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">" at byte pos {}"</span>, <span class="ident">pos</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
}
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Consumes this error, returning original [`CString`] which generated the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// error.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_cstring</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Access the underlying UTF-8 error that was the cause of this error.</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">utf8_error</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> {
<span class="string">"C string contained non-utf8 bytes"</span>
}
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">cause</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span>)
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">description</span>().<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>)
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="doccomment">/// Wraps a raw C string with a safe C string wrapper.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will wrap the provided `ptr` with a `CStr` wrapper, which</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// allows inspection and interoperation of non-owned C strings. This method</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// is unsafe for a number of reasons:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * There is no guarantee to the validity of `ptr`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * The returned lifetime is not guaranteed to be the actual lifetime of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// `ptr`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * There is no guarantee that the memory pointed to by `ptr` contains a</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// valid nul terminator byte at the end of the string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// * It is not guaranteed that the memory pointed by `ptr` won't change</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// before the `CStr` has been destroyed.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This operation is intended to be a 0-cost cast but it is</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > currently implemented with an up-front calculation of the length of</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > the string. This is not guaranteed to always be the case.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```ignore (extern-declaration)</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # fn main() {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// extern {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// fn my_string() -> *const c_char;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// println!("string returned: {}", slice.to_str().unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_ptr</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">sys</span>::<span class="ident">strlen</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>;
<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>, <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>))
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// wrapper after ensuring that the byte slice is nul-terminated</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// and does not contain any interior nul bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"hello\0");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(cstr.is_ok());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Creating a `CStr` without a trailing nul terminator is an error:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"hello");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(c_str.is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Creating a `CStr` with an interior nul byte is an error:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"he\0llo\0");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert!(c_str.is_err());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>])
<span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>, <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>::<span class="ident">memchr</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">bytes</span>);
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">nul_pos</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> {
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() {
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span>::<span class="ident">interior_nul</span>(<span class="ident">nul_pos</span>));
}
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) })
} <span class="kw">else</span> {
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span>::<span class="ident">not_nul_terminated</span>())
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Unsafely creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr` wrapper without</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// performing any sanity checks. The provided slice **must** be nul-terminated</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// and not contain any interior nul bytes.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cstring = CString::new("hello").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(cstring.to_bytes_with_nul());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(cstr, &*cstring);</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>] <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns the inner pointer to this C string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The returned pointer will be valid for as long as `self` is, and points</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// to a contiguous region of memory terminated with a 0 byte to represent</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the end of the string.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// **WARNING**</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// It is your responsibility to make sure that the underlying memory is not</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// freed too early. For example, the following code will cause undefined</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// behavior when `ptr` is used inside the `unsafe` block:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # #![allow(unused_must_use)]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // `ptr` is dangling</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// *ptr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This happens because the pointer returned by `as_ptr` does not carry any</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// lifetime information and the [`CString`] is deallocated immediately after</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the `CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr()` expression is evaluated.</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// To fix the problem, bind the `CString` to a local variable:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # #![allow(unused_must_use)]</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString};</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let hello = CString::new("Hello").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = hello.as_ptr();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// // `ptr` is valid because `hello` is in scope</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// *ptr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// }</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This way, the lifetime of the `CString` in `hello` encompasses</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the lifetime of `ptr` and the `unsafe` block.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ptr</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts this C string to a byte slice.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// The returned slice will **not** contain the trailing nul terminator that this C</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// string has.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a constant-time</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the future to</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > perform the length calculation whenever this method is called.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(c_str.to_bytes(), b"foo");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>();
<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">bytes</span>[..<span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>]
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts this C string to a byte slice containing the trailing 0 byte.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// This function is the equivalent of [`to_bytes`] except that it will retain</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// the trailing nul terminator instead of chopping it off.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > length calculation whenever this method is called.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`to_bytes`]: #method.to_bytes</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(c_str.to_bytes_with_nul(), b"foo\0");</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> [<span class="ident">c_char</span>] <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>]) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Yields a [`&str`] slice if the `CStr` contains valid UTF-8.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If the contents of the `CStr` are valid UTF-8 data, this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// function will return the corresponding [`&str`] slice. Otherwise,</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// it will return an error with details of where UTF-8 validation failed.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > after a constant-time cast, but it is planned to alter its definition</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > in the future to perform the length calculation in addition to the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > UTF-8 check whenever this method is called.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"foo\0").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(c_str.to_str(), Ok("foo"));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_to_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>, <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">Utf8Error</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="comment">// NB: When CStr is changed to perform the length check in .to_bytes()</span>
<span class="comment">// instead of in from_ptr(), it may be worth considering if this should</span>
<span class="comment">// be rewritten to do the UTF-8 check inline with the length calculation</span>
<span class="comment">// instead of doing it afterwards.</span>
<span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>())
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a `CStr` into a [`Cow`]`<`[`str`]`>`.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// If the contents of the `CStr` are valid UTF-8 data, this</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// function will return a [`Cow`]`::`[`Borrowed`]`(`[`&str`]`)`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// with the the corresponding [`&str`] slice. Otherwise, it will</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// replace any invalid UTF-8 sequences with `U+FFFD REPLACEMENT</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// CHARACTER` and return a [`Cow`]`::`[`Owned`]`(`[`String`]`)`</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// with the result.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > after a constant-time cast, but it is planned to alter its definition</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > in the future to perform the length calculation in addition to the</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// > UTF-8 check whenever this method is called.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Cow`]: ../borrow/enum.Cow.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Borrowed`]: ../borrow/enum.Cow.html#variant.Borrowed</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Owned`]: ../borrow/enum.Cow.html#variant.Owned</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Calling `to_string_lossy` on a `CStr` containing valid UTF-8:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::borrow::Cow;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"Hello World\0").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(c_str.to_string_lossy(), Cow::Borrowed("Hello World"));</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Calling `to_string_lossy` on a `CStr` containing invalid UTF-8:</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::borrow::Cow;</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_str = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"Hello \xF0\x90\x80World\0").unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// c_str.to_string_lossy(),</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// Cow::Owned(String::from("Hello �World")) as Cow<str></span>
<span class="doccomment">/// );</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_to_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_lossy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>())
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Converts a [`Box`]`<CStr>` into a [`CString`] without copying or allocating.</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`Box`]: ../boxed/struct.Box.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span>
<span class="doccomment">///</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::new(b"foo".to_vec()).unwrap();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// let boxed = c_string.into_boxed_c_str();</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(boxed.into_c_string(), CString::new("foo").unwrap());</span>
<span class="doccomment">/// ```</span>
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"into_boxed_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.20.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_c_string</span>(<span class="self">self</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">raw</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> [<span class="ident">u8</span>];
<span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">raw</span>) } }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>())
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Eq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialOrd</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">partial_cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Ordering</span><span class="op">></span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">partial_cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>())
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Ord</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Ordering</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>())
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_borrow"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ToOwned</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>;
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_owned</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>().<span class="ident">into</span>() }
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">_index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> {
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> {
<span class="self">self</span>
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">tests</span> {
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">os</span>::<span class="ident">raw</span>::<span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>::<span class="ident">Cow</span>::{<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">hash</span>::{<span class="ident">Hash</span>, <span class="ident">Hasher</span>};
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">collections</span>::<span class="ident">hash_map</span>::<span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">rc</span>::<span class="ident">Rc</span>;
<span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">sync</span>::<span class="ident">Arc</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">c_to_rust</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"123"</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">simple</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"1234"</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"1234"</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"1234\0"</span>);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero1</span>() {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"\0"</span>[..]).<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero2</span>() {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]).<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero3</span>() {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"\0"</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">formatted</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"abc\x01\x02\n\xE2\x80\xA6\xFF"</span>[..]).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"{:?}"</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>), <span class="string">r#""abc\x01\x02\n\xe2\x80\xa6\xff""#</span>);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">borrowed</span>() {
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="string">b"12\0"</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="kw">_</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"12"</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"12\0"</span>);
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_str</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\x80\xA6\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_str</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="string">"123…"</span>));
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(), <span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="string">"123…"</span>));
}
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_str</span>().<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(), <span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"123\u{FFFD}"</span>)));
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_owned</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">owned</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_owned</span>() };
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">owned</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="ident">data</span>);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">equal_hash</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\xFA\xA6\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'static</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>) };
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">hash</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr_hash</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>();
<span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">data</span>[..<span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>]).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">hash</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstring_hash</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr_hash</span>, <span class="ident">cstring_hash</span>);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"123"</span>[..]));
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"123\0"</span>[..]));
<span class="kw">unsafe</span> {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr_unchecked</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>, <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">cstr_unchecked</span>));
}
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unterminated</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_interior</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"1\023\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>);
<span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">is_err</span>());
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">orig</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"Hello, world!\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">orig</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstring</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>().<span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>().<span class="ident">into_c_string</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">boxed</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">boxed</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">cstring</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">cstring</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">boxed_default</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span>::<span class="ident">default</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]);
}
<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span>
<span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_rc</span>() {
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">orig</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"Hello, world!\0"</span>;
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">orig</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">rc</span>: <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">arc</span>: <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">rc</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">arc</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">rc2</span>: <span class="ident">Rc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Rc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>());
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">arc2</span>: <span class="ident">Arc</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Arc</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>());
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">rc2</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>);
<span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">arc2</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>);
}
}
</pre>
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