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<ol class="chapter"><li class="affix"><a href="index.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="hello.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Hello World</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="hello/comment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Comments</a></li><li><a href="hello/print.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Formatted print</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="hello/print/print_debug.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.1.</strong> Debug</a></li><li><a href="hello/print/print_display.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.2.</strong> Display</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="hello/print/print_display/testcase_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.2.1.</strong> Testcase: List</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="hello/print/fmt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.3.</strong> Formatting</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="primitives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Primitives</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="primitives/literals.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Literals and operators</a></li><li><a href="primitives/tuples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Tuples</a></li><li><a href="primitives/array.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Arrays and Slices</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="custom_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Custom Types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="custom_types/structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Structures</a></li><li><a href="custom_types/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Enums</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="custom_types/enum/enum_use.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.1.</strong> use</a></li><li><a href="custom_types/enum/c_like.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.2.</strong> C-like</a></li><li><a href="custom_types/enum/testcase_linked_list.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.3.</strong> Testcase: linked-list</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="custom_types/constants.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> constants</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="variable_bindings.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Variable Bindings</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="variable_bindings/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Mutability</a></li><li><a href="variable_bindings/scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Scope and Shadowing</a></li><li><a href="variable_bindings/declare.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Declare first</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="types/cast.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Casting</a></li><li><a href="types/literals.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Literals</a></li><li><a href="types/inference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Inference</a></li><li><a href="types/alias.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Aliasing</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="conversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Conversion</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="conversion/from_into.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> From and Into</a></li><li><a href="conversion/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> To and from Strings</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Expressions</a></li><li><a href="flow_control.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Flow Control</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="flow_control/if_else.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> if/else</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/loop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> loop</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="flow_control/loop/nested.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.1.</strong> Nesting and labels</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/loop/return.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.2.</strong> Returning from loops</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="flow_control/while.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> while</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/for.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> for and range</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> match</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.</strong> Destructuring</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.1.</strong> tuples</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.2.</strong> enums</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_pointers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.3.</strong> pointers/ref</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/match/destructuring/destructure_structures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.1.4.</strong> structs</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="flow_control/match/guard.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.2.</strong> Guards</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/match/binding.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.3.</strong> Binding</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="flow_control/if_let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> if let</a></li><li><a href="flow_control/while_let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> while let</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="fn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Functions</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="fn/methods.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> Methods</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> Closures</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="fn/closures/capture.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.1.</strong> Capturing</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/input_parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.2.</strong> As input parameters</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/anonymity.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.3.</strong> Type anonymity</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/input_functions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.4.</strong> Input functions</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/output_parameters.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.5.</strong> As output parameters</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.</strong> Examples in std</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples/iter_any.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.1.</strong> Iterator::any</a></li><li><a href="fn/closures/closure_examples/iter_find.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.2.</strong> Iterator::find</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="fn/hof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> Higher Order Functions</a></li><li><a href="fn/diverging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> Diverging functions</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="mod.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Modules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="mod/visibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> Visibility</a></li><li><a href="mod/struct_visibility.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> Struct visibility</a></li><li><a href="mod/use.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> The use declaration</a></li><li><a href="mod/super.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> super and self</a></li><li><a href="mod/split.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> File hierarchy</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Crates</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="crates/lib.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> Library</a></li><li><a href="crates/link.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> extern crate</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Cargo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="cargo/deps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="cargo/conventions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> Conventions</a></li><li><a href="cargo/test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> Tests</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="attribute.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> Attributes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="attribute/unused.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> dead_code</a></li><li><a href="attribute/crate.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> Crates</a></li><li><a href="attribute/cfg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> cfg</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="attribute/cfg/custom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.1.</strong> Custom</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="generics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> Generics</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="generics/gen_fn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> Functions</a></li><li><a href="generics/impl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> Implementation</a></li><li><a href="generics/gen_trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.3.</strong> Traits</a></li><li><a href="generics/bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.</strong> Bounds</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="generics/bounds/testcase_empty.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.4.1.</strong> Testcase: empty bounds</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="generics/multi_bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.5.</strong> Multiple bounds</a></li><li><a href="generics/where.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.6.</strong> Where clauses</a></li><li><a href="generics/new_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.7.</strong> New Type Idiom</a></li><li><a href="generics/assoc_items.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.</strong> Associated items</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="generics/assoc_items/the_problem.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.1.</strong> The Problem</a></li><li><a href="generics/assoc_items/types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.8.2.</strong> Associated types</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="generics/phantom.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.9.</strong> Phantom type parameters</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="generics/phantom/testcase_units.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.9.1.</strong> Testcase: unit clarification</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> Scoping rules</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="scope/raii.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> RAII</a></li><li><a href="scope/move.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> Ownership and moves</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="scope/move/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.1.</strong> Mutability</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="scope/borrow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.</strong> Borrowing</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="scope/borrow/mut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.1.</strong> Mutability</a></li><li><a href="scope/borrow/freeze.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.2.</strong> Freezing</a></li><li><a href="scope/borrow/alias.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.3.</strong> Aliasing</a></li><li><a href="scope/borrow/ref.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.3.4.</strong> The ref pattern</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.</strong> Lifetimes</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="scope/lifetime/explicit.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.1.</strong> Explicit annotation</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/fn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.2.</strong> Functions</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/methods.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.3.</strong> Methods</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.4.</strong> Structs</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/lifetime_bounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.5.</strong> Bounds</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/lifetime_coercion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.6.</strong> Coercion</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/static_lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.7.</strong> Static</a></li><li><a href="scope/lifetime/elision.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.4.8.</strong> Elision</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li><a href="trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> Traits</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="trait/derive.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.1.</strong> Derive</a></li><li><a href="trait/ops.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.2.</strong> Operator Overloading</a></li><li><a href="trait/drop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.3.</strong> Drop</a></li><li><a href="trait/iter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.4.</strong> Iterators</a></li><li><a href="trait/clone.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.5.</strong> Clone</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="macros.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> macro_rules!</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="macros/syntax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.</strong> Syntax</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="macros/designators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.1.</strong> Designators</a></li><li><a href="macros/overload.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.2.</strong> Overload</a></li><li><a href="macros/repeat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.1.3.</strong> Repeat</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="macros/dry.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.2.</strong> DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)</a></li><li><a href="macros/dsl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.3.</strong> DSL (Domain Specific Languages)</a></li><li><a href="macros/variadics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.4.</strong> Variadics</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="error.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> Error handling</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="error/panic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.1.</strong> panic</a></li><li><a href="error/option_unwrap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.</strong> Option & unwrap</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="error/option_unwrap/map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.1.</strong> Combinators: map</a></li><li><a href="error/option_unwrap/and_then.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.2.2.</strong> Combinators: and_then</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="error/result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.</strong> Result</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="error/result/result_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.1.</strong> map for Result</a></li><li><a href="error/result/result_alias.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.2.</strong> aliases for Result</a></li><li><a href="error/result/early_returns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.3.</strong> Early returns</a></li><li><a href="error/result/enter_question_mark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.3.4.</strong> Introducing ?</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.</strong> Multiple error types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types/option_result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.1.</strong> Pulling Results out of Options</a></li><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types/define_error_type.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.2.</strong> Defining an error type</a></li><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types/boxing_errors.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.3.</strong> Boxing errors</a></li><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types/reenter_question_mark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.4.</strong> Other uses of ?</a></li><li><a href="error/multiple_error_types/wrap_error.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.4.5.</strong> Wrapping errors</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="error/iter_result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.5.</strong> Iterating over Results</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="std.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> Std library types</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="std/box.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.1.</strong> Box, stack and heap</a></li><li><a href="std/vec.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.2.</strong> Vectors</a></li><li><a href="std/str.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.3.</strong> Strings</a></li><li><a href="std/option.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.4.</strong> Option</a></li><li><a href="std/result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.</strong> Result</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="std/result/question_mark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.5.1.</strong> ?</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="std/panic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.6.</strong> panic!</a></li><li><a href="std/hash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.7.</strong> HashMap</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a 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<a class="header" href="primitives/array.html#arrays-and-slices" id="arrays-and-slices"><h1>Arrays and Slices</h1></a>
<p>An array is a collection of objects of the same type <code>T</code>, stored in contiguous
memory. Arrays are created using brackets <code>[]</code>, and their size, which is known
at compile time, is part of their type signature <code>[T; size]</code>.</p>
<p>Slices are similar to arrays, but their size is not known at compile time.
Instead, a slice is a two-word object, the first word is a pointer to the data,
and the second word is the length of the slice. The word size is the same as
usize, determined by the processor architecture eg 64 bits on an x86-64.
Slices can be used to borrow a section of an array, and have the type signature
<code>&[T]</code>.</p>
<pre><pre class="playpen"><code class="language-rust editable ignore mdbook-runnable">use std::mem;
// This function borrows a slice
fn analyze_slice(slice: &[i32]) {
println!("first element of the slice: {}", slice[0]);
println!("the slice has {} elements", slice.len());
}
fn main() {
// Fixed-size array (type signature is superfluous)
let xs: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// All elements can be initialized to the same value
let ys: [i32; 500] = [0; 500];
// Indexing starts at 0
println!("first element of the array: {}", xs[0]);
println!("second element of the array: {}", xs[1]);
// `len` returns the size of the array
println!("array size: {}", xs.len());
// Arrays are stack allocated
println!("array occupies {} bytes", mem::size_of_val(&xs));
// Arrays can be automatically borrowed as slices
println!("borrow the whole array as a slice");
analyze_slice(&xs);
// Slices can point to a section of an array
println!("borrow a section of the array as a slice");
analyze_slice(&ys[1 .. 4]);
// Out of bound indexing yields a panic
println!("{}", xs[5]);
}
</code></pre></pre>
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