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<ol class="chapter"><li class="affix"><a href="index.html">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="getting-started/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Getting Started</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="getting-started/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Installation</a></li><li><a href="getting-started/first-steps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> First Steps with Cargo</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="guide/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Cargo Guide</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="guide/why-cargo-exists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Why Cargo Exists</a></li><li><a href="guide/creating-a-new-project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Creating a New Project</a></li><li><a href="guide/working-on-an-existing-project.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Working on an Existing Project</a></li><li><a href="guide/dependencies.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="guide/project-layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Project Layout</a></li><li><a href="guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Cargo.toml vs Cargo.lock</a></li><li><a href="guide/tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Tests</a></li><li><a href="guide/continuous-integration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> Continuous Integration</a></li><li><a href="guide/build-cache.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.</strong> Build Cache</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="reference/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Cargo Reference</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li><a href="reference/specifying-dependencies.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Specifying Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="reference/manifest.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> The Manifest Format</a></li><li><a href="reference/config.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li><a href="reference/environment-variables.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Environment Variables</a></li><li><a href="reference/build-scripts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Build Scripts</a></li><li><a href="reference/publishing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> Publishing on crates.io</a></li><li><a href="reference/pkgid-spec.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> Package ID Specifications</a></li><li><a href="reference/source-replacement.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> Source Replacement</a></li><li><a href="reference/external-tools.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> External Tools</a></li><li><a href="reference/unstable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> Unstable Features</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="faq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> FAQ</a></li></ol>
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<a class="header" href="reference/pkgid-spec.html#package-id-specifications" id="package-id-specifications"><h2>Package ID Specifications</h2></a>
<a class="header" href="reference/pkgid-spec.html#package-id-specifications-1" id="package-id-specifications-1"><h3>Package ID specifications</h3></a>
<p>Subcommands of Cargo frequently need to refer to a particular package within a
dependency graph for various operations like updating, cleaning, building, etc.
To solve this problem, Cargo supports Package ID Specifications. A specification
is a string which is used to uniquely refer to one package within a graph of
packages.</p>
<a class="header" href="reference/pkgid-spec.html#specification-grammar" id="specification-grammar"><h4>Specification grammar</h4></a>
<p>The formal grammar for a Package Id Specification is:</p>
<pre><code class="language-notrust">pkgid := pkgname
| [ proto "://" ] hostname-and-path [ "#" ( pkgname | semver ) ]
pkgname := name [ ":" semver ]
proto := "http" | "git" | ...
</code></pre>
<p>Here, brackets indicate that the contents are optional.</p>
<a class="header" href="reference/pkgid-spec.html#example-specifications" id="example-specifications"><h4>Example specifications</h4></a>
<p>These could all be references to a package <code>foo</code> version <code>1.2.3</code> from the
registry at <code>crates.io</code></p>
<table><thead><tr><th align="left"> pkgid </th><th align="center"> name </th><th align="center"> version </th><th align="center"> url </th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>foo:1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>crates.io/foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*://crates.io/foo</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>crates.io/foo#1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*://crates.io/foo</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>crates.io/bar#foo:1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>*://crates.io/bar</code> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left"> <code>http://crates.io/foo#1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>foo</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>1.2.3</code> </td><td align="center"> <code>http://crates.io/foo</code> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a class="header" href="reference/pkgid-spec.html#brevity-of-specifications" id="brevity-of-specifications"><h4>Brevity of specifications</h4></a>
<p>The goal of this is to enable both succinct and exhaustive syntaxes for
referring to packages in a dependency graph. Ambiguous references may refer to
one or more packages. Most commands generate an error if more than one package
could be referred to with the same specification.</p>
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