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class="search-form js-only"> <div class="search-container"> <input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"> </div> </form> </nav> <section id='main' class="content"><pre class="line-numbers"><span id="1"> 1</span> <span id="2"> 2</span> <span id="3"> 3</span> <span id="4"> 4</span> <span id="5"> 5</span> <span id="6"> 6</span> <span id="7"> 7</span> <span id="8"> 8</span> <span id="9"> 9</span> <span id="10"> 10</span> <span id="11"> 11</span> <span id="12"> 12</span> <span id="13"> 13</span> <span id="14"> 14</span> <span id="15"> 15</span> <span id="16"> 16</span> <span id="17"> 17</span> <span id="18"> 18</span> <span id="19"> 19</span> <span id="20"> 20</span> <span id="21"> 21</span> <span id="22"> 22</span> <span id="23"> 23</span> <span id="24"> 24</span> <span id="25"> 25</span> <span id="26"> 26</span> <span id="27"> 27</span> <span id="28"> 28</span> <span id="29"> 29</span> <span 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id="849"> 849</span> <span id="850"> 850</span> <span id="851"> 851</span> <span id="852"> 852</span> <span id="853"> 853</span> <span id="854"> 854</span> <span id="855"> 855</span> <span id="856"> 856</span> <span id="857"> 857</span> <span id="858"> 858</span> <span id="859"> 859</span> <span id="860"> 860</span> <span id="861"> 861</span> <span id="862"> 862</span> <span id="863"> 863</span> <span id="864"> 864</span> <span id="865"> 865</span> <span id="866"> 866</span> <span id="867"> 867</span> <span id="868"> 868</span> <span id="869"> 869</span> <span id="870"> 870</span> <span id="871"> 871</span> <span id="872"> 872</span> <span id="873"> 873</span> <span id="874"> 874</span> <span id="875"> 875</span> <span id="876"> 876</span> <span id="877"> 877</span> <span id="878"> 878</span> <span id="879"> 879</span> <span id="880"> 880</span> <span id="881"> 881</span> <span id="882"> 882</span> <span id="883"> 883</span> <span id="884"> 884</span> <span id="885"> 885</span> <span id="886"> 886</span> <span id="887"> 887</span> <span id="888"> 888</span> <span id="889"> 889</span> <span id="890"> 890</span> <span id="891"> 891</span> <span id="892"> 892</span> <span id="893"> 893</span> <span id="894"> 894</span> <span id="895"> 895</span> <span id="896"> 896</span> <span id="897"> 897</span> <span id="898"> 898</span> <span id="899"> 899</span> <span id="900"> 900</span> <span id="901"> 901</span> <span id="902"> 902</span> <span id="903"> 903</span> <span id="904"> 904</span> <span id="905"> 905</span> <span id="906"> 906</span> <span id="907"> 907</span> <span id="908"> 908</span> <span id="909"> 909</span> <span id="910"> 910</span> <span id="911"> 911</span> <span id="912"> 912</span> <span id="913"> 913</span> <span id="914"> 914</span> <span id="915"> 915</span> <span id="916"> 916</span> <span id="917"> 917</span> <span id="918"> 918</span> <span id="919"> 919</span> <span id="920"> 920</span> <span id="921"> 921</span> <span id="922"> 922</span> <span id="923"> 923</span> <span id="924"> 924</span> <span id="925"> 925</span> <span id="926"> 926</span> <span id="927"> 927</span> <span id="928"> 928</span> <span id="929"> 929</span> <span id="930"> 930</span> <span id="931"> 931</span> <span id="932"> 932</span> <span id="933"> 933</span> <span id="934"> 934</span> <span id="935"> 935</span> <span id="936"> 936</span> <span id="937"> 937</span> <span id="938"> 938</span> <span id="939"> 939</span> <span id="940"> 940</span> <span id="941"> 941</span> <span id="942"> 942</span> <span id="943"> 943</span> <span id="944"> 944</span> <span id="945"> 945</span> <span id="946"> 946</span> <span id="947"> 947</span> <span id="948"> 948</span> <span id="949"> 949</span> <span id="950"> 950</span> <span id="951"> 951</span> <span id="952"> 952</span> <span id="953"> 953</span> <span id="954"> 954</span> <span id="955"> 955</span> <span id="956"> 956</span> <span id="957"> 957</span> <span id="958"> 958</span> <span id="959"> 959</span> <span id="960"> 960</span> <span id="961"> 961</span> <span id="962"> 962</span> <span id="963"> 963</span> <span id="964"> 964</span> <span id="965"> 965</span> <span id="966"> 966</span> <span id="967"> 967</span> <span id="968"> 968</span> <span id="969"> 969</span> <span id="970"> 970</span> <span id="971"> 971</span> <span id="972"> 972</span> <span id="973"> 973</span> <span id="974"> 974</span> <span id="975"> 975</span> <span id="976"> 976</span> <span id="977"> 977</span> <span id="978"> 978</span> <span id="979"> 979</span> <span id="980"> 980</span> <span id="981"> 981</span> <span id="982"> 982</span> <span id="983"> 983</span> <span id="984"> 984</span> <span id="985"> 985</span> <span id="986"> 986</span> <span id="987"> 987</span> <span id="988"> 988</span> <span id="989"> 989</span> <span id="990"> 990</span> <span id="991"> 991</span> <span id="992"> 992</span> <span id="993"> 993</span> <span id="994"> 994</span> <span id="995"> 995</span> <span id="996"> 996</span> <span id="997"> 997</span> <span id="998"> 998</span> <span id="999"> 999</span> <span id="1000">1000</span> <span id="1001">1001</span> <span id="1002">1002</span> <span id="1003">1003</span> <span id="1004">1004</span> <span id="1005">1005</span> <span id="1006">1006</span> </pre><pre class="rust "> <span class="comment">// Copyright 2012 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT</span> <span class="comment">// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at</span> <span class="comment">// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.</span> <span class="comment">//</span> <span class="comment">// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or</span> <span class="comment">// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license</span> <span class="comment">// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your</span> <span class="comment">// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed</span> <span class="comment">// except according to those terms.</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ascii</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>::{<span class="ident">Cow</span>, <span class="ident">Borrow</span>}; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">cmp</span>::<span class="ident">Ordering</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">error</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Write</span>}; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">io</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">libc</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">mem</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">os</span>::<span class="ident">raw</span>::<span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">slice</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">str</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>}; <span class="doccomment">/// A type representing an owned C-compatible string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This type serves the primary purpose of being able to safely generate a</span> <span class="doccomment">/// C-compatible string from a Rust byte slice or vector. An instance of this</span> <span class="doccomment">/// type is a static guarantee that the underlying bytes contain no interior 0</span> <span class="doccomment">/// bytes and the final byte is 0.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// A `CString` is created from either a byte slice or a byte vector. A [`u8`]</span> <span class="doccomment">/// slice can be obtained with the `as_bytes` method. Slices produced from a</span> <span class="doccomment">/// `CString` do *not* contain the trailing nul terminator unless otherwise</span> <span class="doccomment">/// specified.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`u8`]: ../primitive.u8.html</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # fn main() {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// fn my_printer(s: *const c_char);</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let c_to_print = CString::new("Hello, world!").unwrap();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// my_printer(c_to_print.as_ptr());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// `CString` is intended for working with traditional C-style strings</span> <span class="doccomment">/// (a sequence of non-null bytes terminated by a single null byte); the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// primary use case for these kinds of strings is interoperating with C-like</span> <span class="doccomment">/// code. Often you will need to transfer ownership to/from that external</span> <span class="doccomment">/// code. It is strongly recommended that you thoroughly read through the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// documentation of `CString` before use, as improper ownership management</span> <span class="doccomment">/// of `CString` instances can lead to invalid memory accesses, memory leaks,</span> <span class="doccomment">/// and other memory errors.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">PartialOrd</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Ord</span>, <span class="ident">Hash</span>, <span class="ident">Clone</span>)]</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="comment">// Invariant 1: the slice ends with a zero byte and has a length of at least one.</span> <span class="comment">// Invariant 2: the slice contains only one zero byte.</span> <span class="comment">// Improper usage of unsafe function can break Invariant 2, but not Invariant 1.</span> <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span>, } <span class="doccomment">/// Representation of a borrowed C string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This dynamically sized type is only safely constructed via a borrowed</span> <span class="doccomment">/// version of an instance of `CString`. This type can be constructed from a raw</span> <span class="doccomment">/// C string as well and represents a C string borrowed from another location.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Note that this structure is **not** `repr(C)` and is not recommended to be</span> <span class="doccomment">/// placed in the signatures of FFI functions. Instead safe wrappers of FFI</span> <span class="doccomment">/// functions may leverage the unsafe [`from_ptr`] constructor to provide a safe</span> <span class="doccomment">/// interface to other consumers.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`from_ptr`]: #method.from_ptr</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Inspecting a foreign C string:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// println!("string length: {}", slice.to_bytes().len());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Passing a Rust-originating C string:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// fn work(data: &CStr) {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn work_with(data: *const c_char); }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe { work_with(data.as_ptr()) }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let s = CString::new("data data data data").unwrap();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// work(&s);</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Converting a foreign C string into a Rust [`String`]:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn my_string() -> *const c_char; }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// fn my_string_safe() -> String {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// CStr::from_ptr(my_string()).to_string_lossy().into_owned()</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// println!("string: {}", my_string_safe());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Hash</span>)]</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="comment">// FIXME: this should not be represented with a DST slice but rather with</span> <span class="comment">// just a raw `c_char` along with some form of marker to make</span> <span class="comment">// this an unsized type. Essentially `sizeof(&CStr)` should be the</span> <span class="comment">// same as `sizeof(&c_char)` but `CStr` should be an unsized type.</span> <span class="ident">inner</span>: [<span class="ident">c_char</span>] } <span class="doccomment">/// An error returned from [`CString::new`] to indicate that a nul byte was found</span> <span class="doccomment">/// in the vector provided.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`]: struct.CString.html#method.new</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span>(<span class="ident">usize</span>, <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>); <span class="doccomment">/// An error returned from [`CStr::from_bytes_with_nul`] to indicate that a nul</span> <span class="doccomment">/// byte was found too early in the slice provided or one wasn't found at all.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr::from_bytes_with_nul`]: struct.CStr.html#method.from_bytes_with_nul</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>, } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">enum</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span> { <span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">usize</span>), <span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span>, } <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">interior_nul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>), } } <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">not_nul_terminated</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="ident">kind</span>: <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span>, } } } <span class="doccomment">/// An error returned from [`CString::into_string`] to indicate that a UTF-8 error</span> <span class="doccomment">/// was encountered during the conversion.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::into_string`]: struct.CString.html#method.into_string</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Clone</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>, <span class="ident">Eq</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>)]</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>, <span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span>, } <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new C-compatible string from a container of bytes.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This method will consume the provided data and use the underlying bytes</span> <span class="doccomment">/// to construct a new string, ensuring that there is a trailing 0 byte.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern { fn puts(s: *const c_char); }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let to_print = CString::new("Hello!").unwrap();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// puts(to_print.as_ptr());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Errors</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will return an error if the bytes yielded contain an</span> <span class="doccomment">/// internal 0 byte. The error returned will contain the bytes as well as</span> <span class="doccomment">/// the position of the nul byte.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">new</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">Into</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">>></span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">t</span>: <span class="ident">T</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span>, <span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">Self</span>::<span class="ident">_new</span>(<span class="ident">t</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()) } <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">_new</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span>, <span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>::<span class="ident">memchr</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">bytes</span>) { <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">i</span>) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">NulError</span>(<span class="ident">i</span>, <span class="ident">bytes</span>)), <span class="prelude-val">None</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) }), } } <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a C-compatible string from a byte vector without checking for</span> <span class="doccomment">/// interior 0 bytes.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This method is equivalent to [`new`] except that no runtime assertion</span> <span class="doccomment">/// is made that `v` contains no 0 bytes, and it requires an actual</span> <span class="doccomment">/// byte vector, not anything that can be converted to one with Into.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`new`]: #method.new</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let raw = b"foo".to_vec();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let c_string = CString::from_vec_unchecked(raw);</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">v</span>: <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">reserve_exact</span>(<span class="number">1</span>); <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">push</span>(<span class="number">0</span>); <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">v</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_slice</span>() } } <span class="doccomment">/// Retakes ownership of a `CString` that was transferred to C.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Additionally, the length of the string will be recalculated from the pointer.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Safety</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This should only ever be called with a pointer that was earlier</span> <span class="doccomment">/// obtained by calling [`into_raw`] on a `CString`. Other usage (e.g. trying to take</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ownership of a string that was allocated by foreign code) is likely to lead</span> <span class="doccomment">/// to undefined behavior or allocator corruption.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`into_raw`]: #method.into_raw</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_memory"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_raw</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">libc</span>::<span class="ident">strlen</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>) <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>; <span class="comment">// Including the NUL byte</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">slice</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">slice</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>, <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span>); <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>) } } <span class="doccomment">/// Transfers ownership of the string to a C caller.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// The pointer must be returned to Rust and reconstituted using</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`from_raw`] to be properly deallocated. Specifically, one</span> <span class="doccomment">/// should *not* use the standard C `free` function to deallocate</span> <span class="doccomment">/// this string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// Failure to call [`from_raw`] will lead to a memory leak.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`from_raw`]: #method.from_raw</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_memory"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span> { <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">into_raw</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>()) <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts the `CString` into a [`String`] if it contains valid Unicode data.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// On failure, ownership of the original `CString` is returned.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`String`]: ../string/struct.String.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_string</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">String</span>, <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>()) .<span class="ident">map_err</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">e</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> { <span class="ident">error</span>: <span class="ident">e</span>.<span class="ident">utf8_error</span>(), <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">e</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>()) }, }) } <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the underlying byte buffer.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// The returned buffer does **not** contain the trailing nul separator and</span> <span class="doccomment">/// it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul bytes.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">vec</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>().<span class="ident">into_vec</span>(); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">_nul</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">vec</span>.<span class="ident">pop</span>(); <span class="macro">debug_assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">_nul</span>, <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="number">0u8</span>)); <span class="ident">vec</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Equivalent to the [`into_bytes`] function except that the returned vector</span> <span class="doccomment">/// includes the trailing nul byte.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`into_bytes`]: #method.into_bytes</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>().<span class="ident">into_vec</span>() } <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the contents of this `CString` as a slice of bytes.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// The returned slice does **not** contain the trailing nul separator and</span> <span class="doccomment">/// it is guaranteed to not have any interior nul bytes.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] { <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>[..<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>] } <span class="doccomment">/// Equivalent to the [`as_bytes`] function except that the returned slice</span> <span class="doccomment">/// includes the trailing nul byte.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`as_bytes`]: #method.as_bytes</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] { <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Extracts a [`CStr`] slice containing the entire string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"as_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"40380"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_c_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts this `CString` into a boxed [`CStr`].</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CStr`]: struct.CStr.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"into_boxed_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"40380"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>()) } } <span class="comment">// Bypass "move out of struct which implements [`Drop`] trait" restriction.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`Drop`]: ../ops/trait.Drop.html</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_inner</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span>::<span class="ident">read</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>); <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">forget</span>(<span class="self">self</span>); <span class="ident">result</span> } } } <span class="comment">// Turns this `CString` into an empty string to prevent</span> <span class="comment">// memory unsafe code from working by accident. Inline</span> <span class="comment">// to prevent LLVM from optimizing it away in debug builds.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_drop"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.13.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Drop</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">drop</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="self">self</span>) { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">get_unchecked_mut</span>(<span class="number">0</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Deref</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Target</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>; <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">deref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>()) } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> { <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span>::<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CString</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">CString</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_bytes</span>() } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_debug"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Debug</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> { <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"\""</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>; <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">byte</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">iter</span>().<span class="ident">flat_map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">b</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">ascii</span>::<span class="ident">escape_default</span>(<span class="ident">b</span>)) { <span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">write_char</span>(<span class="ident">byte</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">char</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>; } <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"\""</span>) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_default"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">static</span> <span class="ident">SLICE</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'static</span> [<span class="ident">c_char</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]; <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">SLICE</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>()) } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_default"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="doccomment">/// Creates an empty `CString`.</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Default</span>::<span class="ident">default</span>(); <span class="ident">a</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>() } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_borrow"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Borrow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="self">self</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_from_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>()); <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>) } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"c_string_from_box"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.18.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">into_c_string</span>() } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"box_from_c_string"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.18.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Into</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>() } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"default_box_extra"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Default</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">default</span>() <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]<span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>([<span class="number">0</span>]); <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>) } } } <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> { <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the position of the nul byte in the slice that was provided to</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`].</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString::new`]: struct.CString.html#method.new</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 3);</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo bar\0").unwrap_err();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.nul_position(), 7);</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">nul_position</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">usize</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Consumes this error, returning the underlying vector of bytes which</span> <span class="doccomment">/// generated the error in the first place.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CString;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let nul_error = CString::new("foo\0bar").unwrap_err();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(nul_error.into_vec(), b"foo\0bar");</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_vec</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Vec</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">u8</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">1</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> { <span class="string">"nul byte found in data"</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">NulError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> { <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">"nul byte found in provided data at position: {}"</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">NulError</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(_: <span class="ident">NulError</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span> { <span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">Error</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="ident">io</span>::<span class="ident">ErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InvalidInput</span>, <span class="string">"data provided contains a nul byte"</span>) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"frombyteswithnulerror_impls"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> { <span class="kw">match</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">kind</span> { <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(..) <span class="op">=></span> <span class="string">"data provided contains an interior nul byte"</span>, <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">NotNulTerminated</span> <span class="op">=></span> <span class="string">"data provided is not nul terminated"</span>, } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"frombyteswithnulerror_impls"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.17.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> { <span class="ident">f</span>.<span class="ident">write_str</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">description</span>())<span class="question-mark">?</span>; <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulErrorKind</span>::<span class="ident">InteriorNul</span>(<span class="ident">pos</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">kind</span> { <span class="macro">write</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>, <span class="string">" at byte pos {}"</span>, <span class="ident">pos</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>; } <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(()) } } <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> { <span class="doccomment">/// Consumes this error, returning original [`CString`] which generated the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// error.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_cstring</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span> } <span class="doccomment">/// Access the underlying UTF-8 error that was the cause of this error.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">utf8_error</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Utf8Error</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Error</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">description</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span> { <span class="string">"C string contained non-utf8 bytes"</span> } <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">cause</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">Error</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">error</span>) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_into"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Display</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">IntoStringError</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">f</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="ident">Formatter</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">fmt</span>::<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">description</span>().<span class="ident">fmt</span>(<span class="ident">f</span>) } } <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="doccomment">/// Casts a raw C string to a safe C string wrapper.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will cast the provided `ptr` to the `CStr` wrapper which</span> <span class="doccomment">/// allows inspection and interoperation of non-owned C strings. This method</span> <span class="doccomment">/// is unsafe for a number of reasons:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// * There is no guarantee to the validity of `ptr`.</span> <span class="doccomment">/// * The returned lifetime is not guaranteed to be the actual lifetime of</span> <span class="doccomment">/// `ptr`.</span> <span class="doccomment">/// * There is no guarantee that the memory pointed to by `ptr` contains a</span> <span class="doccomment">/// valid nul terminator byte at the end of the string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This operation is intended to be a 0-cost cast but it is</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > currently implemented with an up-front calculation of the length of</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > the string. This is not guaranteed to always be the case.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # fn main() {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::os::raw::c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// extern {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// fn my_string() -> *const c_char;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let slice = CStr::from_ptr(my_string());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// println!("string returned: {}", slice.to_str().unwrap());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_ptr</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>: <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">libc</span>::<span class="ident">strlen</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">u8</span>; <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">slice</span>::<span class="ident">from_raw_parts</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>, <span class="ident">len</span> <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>)) } <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr` wrapper after</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ensuring that it is null terminated and does not contain any interior</span> <span class="doccomment">/// nul bytes.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::CStr;</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(b"hello\0");</span> <span class="doccomment">/// assert!(cstr.is_ok());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>, <span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">memchr</span>::<span class="ident">memchr</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">bytes</span>); <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">nul_pos</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> { <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">nul_pos</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() { <span class="kw">return</span> <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span>::<span class="ident">interior_nul</span>(<span class="ident">nul_pos</span>)); } <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) }) } <span class="kw">else</span> { <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="ident">FromBytesWithNulError</span>::<span class="ident">not_nul_terminated</span>()) } } <span class="doccomment">/// Unsafely creates a C string wrapper from a byte slice.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will cast the provided `bytes` to a `CStr` wrapper without</span> <span class="doccomment">/// performing any sanity checks. The provided slice must be null terminated</span> <span class="doccomment">/// and not contain any interior nul bytes.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// # Examples</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let cstring = CString::new("hello").unwrap();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let cstr = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(cstring.to_bytes_with_nul());</span> <span class="doccomment">/// assert_eq!(cstr, &*cstring);</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_from_bytes"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.10.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>]) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="ident">bytes</span>) } <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the inner pointer to this C string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// The returned pointer will be valid for as long as `self` is and points</span> <span class="doccomment">/// to a contiguous region of memory terminated with a 0 byte to represent</span> <span class="doccomment">/// the end of the string.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// **WARNING**</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// It is your responsibility to make sure that the underlying memory is not</span> <span class="doccomment">/// freed too early. For example, the following code will cause undefined</span> <span class="doccomment">/// behaviour when `ptr` is used inside the `unsafe` block:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString};</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// // `ptr` is dangling</span> <span class="doccomment">/// *ptr;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This happens because the pointer returned by `as_ptr` does not carry any</span> <span class="doccomment">/// lifetime information and the string is deallocated immediately after</span> <span class="doccomment">/// the `CString::new("Hello").unwrap().as_ptr()` expression is evaluated.</span> <span class="doccomment">/// To fix the problem, bind the string to a local variable:</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```no_run</span> <span class="doccomment">/// use std::ffi::{CString};</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let hello = CString::new("Hello").unwrap();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// let ptr = hello.as_ptr();</span> <span class="doccomment">/// unsafe {</span> <span class="doccomment">/// // `ptr` is valid because `hello` is in scope</span> <span class="doccomment">/// *ptr;</span> <span class="doccomment">/// }</span> <span class="doccomment">/// ```</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ptr</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts this C string to a byte slice.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will calculate the length of this string (which normally</span> <span class="doccomment">/// requires a linear amount of work to be done) and then return the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// resulting slice of `u8` elements.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// The returned slice will **not** contain the trailing nul that this C</span> <span class="doccomment">/// string has.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > length calculation whenever this method is called.</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">bytes</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(); <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">bytes</span>[..<span class="ident">bytes</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>] } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts this C string to a byte slice containing the trailing 0 byte.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function is the equivalent of [`to_bytes`] except that it will retain</span> <span class="doccomment">/// the trailing nul instead of chopping it off.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented as a 0-cost cast, but</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > it is planned to alter its definition in the future to perform the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > length calculation whenever this method is called.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`to_bytes`]: #method.to_bytes</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">inner</span>) } } <span class="doccomment">/// Yields a [`&str`] slice if the `CStr` contains valid UTF-8.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will calculate the length of this string and check for</span> <span class="doccomment">/// UTF-8 validity, and then return the [`&str`] if it's valid.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > after a 0-cost cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > check whenever this method is called.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`&str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_to_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_str</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">str</span>, <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">Utf8Error</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="comment">// NB: When CStr is changed to perform the length check in .to_bytes()</span> <span class="comment">// instead of in from_ptr(), it may be worth considering if this should</span> <span class="comment">// be rewritten to do the UTF-8 check inline with the length calculation</span> <span class="comment">// instead of doing it afterwards.</span> <span class="ident">str</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>()) } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts a `CStr` into a [`Cow`]`<`[`str`]`>`.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// This function will calculate the length of this string (which normally</span> <span class="doccomment">/// requires a linear amount of work to be done) and then return the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// resulting slice as a [`Cow`]`<`[`str`]`>`, replacing any invalid UTF-8 sequences</span> <span class="doccomment">/// with `U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER`.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > **Note**: This method is currently implemented to check for validity</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > after a 0-cost cast, but it is planned to alter its definition in the</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > future to perform the length calculation in addition to the UTF-8</span> <span class="doccomment">/// > check whenever this method is called.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`Cow`]: ../borrow/enum.Cow.html</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`str`]: ../primitive.str.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_to_str"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.4.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Cow</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="ident">String</span>::<span class="ident">from_utf8_lossy</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>()) } <span class="doccomment">/// Converts a [`Box`]`<CStr>` into a [`CString`] without copying or allocating.</span> <span class="doccomment">///</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`Box`]: ../boxed/struct.Box.html</span> <span class="doccomment">/// [`CString`]: struct.CString.html</span> <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">unstable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"into_boxed_c_str"</span>, <span class="ident">issue</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"40380"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_c_string</span>(<span class="self">self</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">mem</span>::<span class="ident">transmute</span>(<span class="self">self</span>) } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialEq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">bool</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">eq</span>(<span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>()) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Eq</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> {} <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">PartialOrd</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">partial_cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Ordering</span><span class="op">></span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">partial_cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>()) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"rust1"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.0.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">Ord</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">other</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">Ordering</span> { <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>().<span class="ident">cmp</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">other</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>()) } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstr_borrow"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.3.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ToOwned</span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Owned</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>; <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_owned</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">inner</span>: <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>().<span class="ident">into</span>() } } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="ident">From</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'a</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>() } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">Index</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">type</span> <span class="ident">Output</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>; <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">inline</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">_index</span>: <span class="ident">ops</span>::<span class="ident">RangeFull</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="self">self</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="self">self</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">stable</span>(<span class="ident">feature</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"cstring_asref"</span>, <span class="ident">since</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">"1.7.0"</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">impl</span> <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">CString</span> { <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">as_ref</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="self">self</span>) <span class="op">-></span> <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">CStr</span> { <span class="self">self</span> } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span> <span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">tests</span> { <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">super</span>::<span class="kw-2">*</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">os</span>::<span class="ident">raw</span>::<span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">borrow</span>::<span class="ident">Cow</span>::{<span class="ident">Borrowed</span>, <span class="ident">Owned</span>}; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">hash</span>::{<span class="ident">Hash</span>, <span class="ident">Hasher</span>}; <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">collections</span>::<span class="ident">hash_map</span>::<span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>; <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">c_to_rust</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"123"</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>); } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">simple</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="string">"1234"</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"1234"</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"1234\0"</span>); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero1</span>() { <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"\0"</span>[..]).<span class="ident">is_err</span>()); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero2</span>() { <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]).<span class="ident">is_err</span>()); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">build_with_zero3</span>() { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">from_vec_unchecked</span>(<span class="macro">vec</span><span class="macro">!</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"\0"</span>); } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">formatted</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"abc\x01\x02\n\xE2\x80\xA6\xFF"</span>[..]).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"{:?}"</span>, <span class="ident">s</span>), <span class="string">r#""abc\x01\x02\n\xe2\x80\xa6\xff""#</span>); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">borrowed</span>() { <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="string">b"12\0"</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> _); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>(), <span class="string">b"12"</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="string">b"12\0"</span>); } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_str</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\x80\xA6\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_str</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="string">"123…"</span>)); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(), <span class="ident">Borrowed</span>(<span class="string">"123…"</span>)); } <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_str</span>().<span class="ident">is_err</span>()); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_string_lossy</span>(), <span class="ident">Owned</span>::<span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">></span>(<span class="macro">format</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="string">"123\u{FFFD}"</span>))); } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">to_owned</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">owned</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>).<span class="ident">to_owned</span>() }; <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">owned</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="ident">data</span>); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">equal_hash</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\xE2\xFA\xA6\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">ptr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">as_ptr</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="kw">const</span> <span class="ident">c_char</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="lifetime">'static</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_ptr</span>(<span class="ident">ptr</span>) }; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(); <span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">hash</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span>); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr_hash</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>(); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(); <span class="ident">CString</span>::<span class="ident">new</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="ident">data</span>[..<span class="ident">data</span>.<span class="ident">len</span>() <span class="op">-</span> <span class="number">1</span>]).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">hash</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">s</span>); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstring_hash</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">s</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>(); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr_hash</span>, <span class="ident">cstring_hash</span>); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">to_bytes</span>), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"123"</span>[..])); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="string">b"123\0"</span>[..])); <span class="kw">unsafe</span> { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr_unchecked</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>, <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">cstr_unchecked</span>)); } } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_unterminated</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"123"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">is_err</span>()); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul_interior</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">data</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"1\023\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">data</span>); <span class="macro">assert</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">is_err</span>()); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">into_boxed</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">orig</span>: <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="ident">u8</span>] <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">b"Hello, world!\0"</span>; <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">CStr</span>::<span class="ident">from_bytes_with_nul</span>(<span class="ident">orig</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span>: <span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">></span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">Box</span>::<span class="ident">from</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>); <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cstring</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">cstr</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>().<span class="ident">into_boxed_c_str</span>().<span class="ident">into_c_string</span>(); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">cstr</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">boxed</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">boxed</span>, <span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">cstring</span>); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&</span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">cstring</span>, <span class="ident">cstr</span>); } <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">test</span>]</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">boxed_default</span>() { <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">boxed</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">Box</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="ident">CStr</span><span class="op">>></span>::<span class="ident">default</span>(); <span class="macro">assert_eq</span><span class="macro">!</span>(<span class="ident">boxed</span>.<span class="ident">to_bytes_with_nul</span>(), <span class="kw-2">&</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]); } } </pre> </section> <section id='search' class="content hidden"></section> <section class="footer"></section> <aside id="help" class="hidden"> <div> <h1 class="hidden">Help</h1> <div class="shortcuts"> <h2>Keyboard Shortcuts</h2> <dl> <dt>?</dt> <dd>Show this help 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